Composite materials for protecting historic buildings

First, the historical buildings that should be protected, in addition to the key cultural relics protection units determined by governments at all levels, the historical buildings that should generally be considered for protection in urban planning and urban transformation are:

(1) Historical buildings that are of great significance in the history of urban development and architecture, that is, the highest achievement of architectural technology or art in a certain historical period, or the representative works of a certain architectural artistic style.

② Historical buildings with strong personality characteristics have long been regarded as the landmark buildings (or buildings) of the city.

③ Excellent buildings designed by famous architects and having a certain position in the history of architecture.

(4) Some foreign art forms with high artistic value, beautiful shapes and positive significance for enriching the urban architectural features.

⑤ Traditional residential buildings representing a certain historical period of urban development usually retain relatively complete typical blocks.

⑥ Commemorative buildings related to a major event or a social phenomenon in urban history, such as the architectural remains damaged in Tangshan Xinjian City 1976 earthquake, and the shack buildings in Shanghai Fanguanlong Xinjian Community 1949 former slums.

⑦ Some blocks related to urban cultural traditions are also key protection targets, such as Liulichang Cultural Street and Dashilan Commercial Street in Beijing. Some blocks with unique shapes and strong local colors can also be listed as protected objects, such as the houses in the south of the Yangtze River, the houses in Sichuan, the houses in Jinzhong, Shanxi and the houses in southern Shanxi.

Second, the principles and methods of protection:

(1) Historical buildings designated as cultural relics protection units shall be kept in their original state in accordance with the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics, and shall not be damaged, rebuilt, added or demolished. Maintenance should embody the principle of "repairing the old as the old". Generally, it can be used as a museum, a storage place or a place to visit.

(2) Damaged buildings with great historical value should be repaired under the conditions of scientific basis and sufficient historical literature research. There are two kinds of repair methods: partial repair and total repair.

(3) When the original site is very unfavorable to the protection of ancient buildings or national key projects must occupy the original site of ancient buildings, historical buildings can be relocated and restored. For example, Yongle Palace in Yongji County, Shanxi Province is located in the flooded area of Sanmenxia Reservoir, and was moved to the new site of Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province on 1959 for restoration.

According to the provisions of the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics, it is necessary to "draw a certain construction control zone around cultural relics protection units". This zone is usually defined according to the historical value, artistic characteristics and original design intention of cultural relics. Generally speaking, one to three environmental control zones will be designated. Whether to allow construction in this area should be approved by the relevant departments and reported to the planning department for approval. All construction activities shall not damage the environmental features of cultural relics.

⑤ Typical historical blocks included in the protection scope should be located near important ancient buildings and memorial buildings as far as possible to protect the whole cultural relics environment.

⑥ Fully protected ancient cities should be divided into several sections according to their historical and cultural values, and different protection policies should be adopted. For example, delimit buildings and blocks that can reflect the urban lifestyle and architectural characteristics in a certain historical period, maintain their appearance and allow internal transformation; Delineate lots that clearly reflect the integration of old and new architectural cultures in the city to show the alternation of old and new architectural cultures; Delineate areas that are not in harmony with the style of the ancient city or allow renewal and transformation, and determine the transformation policy of this area.