How to solve the phenomenon of layer upon layer overweight in government governance

The "Decision of the Central Committee on Several Major Issues of Comprehensively Deepening Reform" adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee puts forward "promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity", which puts forward new requirements and perspectives for us to study public management and public policy. The modernization of state governance here contains two meanings, namely "modernization of state governance system" and "modernization of state governance capacity".

Governance system refers to the modernization of the organizational structure of national governance; Governance ability refers to the modernization of the quality and governance mode of state governors. To sum up, there are six levels of content and requirements for governance modernization, namely:

1, the modernization of governance concept should make the government governance concept more in line with human nature, needs, culture, national conditions, as well as the requirements and direction of modernization.

2. Modernization of governance subjects. Under the modern governance system, the government, political parties, public organizations and other organizational systems are perfect; Legislation, justice, law enforcement and other systems; The power systems such as decision-making, execution and supervision, the structure (subject and object) system, function system, content system, operation system and target response system of "governance" in the process and link of governance all have their own organization, composition, function and modernization standards.

3. Modernization of governance objects. Government governance should conform to the characteristics and laws of governance objects.

4. Modern governance objectives and indicators have made it clear that the reform is people-oriented and benefits the people.

5, study the modernization of governance means, and use the achievements of scientific and technological development to continuously improve management efficiency.

6. The modernization of the reform motive force is actually the modernization of the governance process, and it is the balance and coordination between the steps, stages and objectives of the reform.

Based on the above enlightenment and requirements, it is not difficult to find a solution by analyzing the phenomena of "layer upon layer overweight" and "layer upon layer shrinkage" in modern bureaucratic system and policy implementation. We can mainly look for countermeasures from four angles: organization, technology, culture and system:

1, actively promote modern organizational change.

The trend of modernization is imperceptibly changing the present organizational form. Bureaucracy, as a popular organizational form in the era of great industrialization, should also be transformed and sublated in the information age. At present, there are three major trends in modern organizational reform:

The flattening of organizational structure mainly refers to reducing management levels, expanding management scope and strengthening horizontal connection, so that the organizational structure of enterprises develops from the traditional pyramid shape to flattening;

The networking of organizational structure refers to the development of management to all-round information communication. The characteristics of network organization are equality and flexibility, and its communication mode is horizontal, oblique and through.

(3) The flexibility of organizational structure refers to enhancing the adaptability of organizations to dynamic changes in the environment, emphasizing the unity of centralization and decentralization, and the unity of stability and change. Temporary teams, division of small business units and redesign of organizational structure are typical manifestations of organizational flexibility.

This trend of organizational change is not only reflected in enterprise organizations, but also necessary for administrative organizations to carry out corresponding adaptive reforms. For example, in some feasible fields, the organization is flat and there are few levels; In the internal operation of the organization, procedures are facilitated, processes are shortened and optimized; Realize the diversification and flexibility of task organization forms. The transformation and reform of these organizations can greatly change the organizational form of bureaucracy itself and avoid its inherent disadvantages, so as to avoid the law of increasing layer by layer and decreasing layer by layer as much as possible, and minimize the "bureaucratic cycle dissipation rate" and "policy effect attenuation rate".

2, vigorously strengthen the management and application of modern technology.

The technological revolution has changed the world and life. For management, technological revolution is the main support for the modernization of governance means. At present, the application of Internet, big data, self-media and other technologies has greatly changed the information communication mode in the traditional bureaucratic system, but it will make the phenomenon of layer-by-layer water injection and layer-by-layer false reporting based on manual operation mode and manual statistics lose its concealment and deception.

The technical means of big data can obtain all kinds of data from multiple levels, and the mutual confirmation of all kinds of data will expose some hidden and false data, making it lose its existence space. With the development of media, every information sink in hierarchical organization will gain the same advantages, while the advantages based on hierarchy and location will gradually disappear, which will also greatly reduce the policy attenuation brought by hierarchy and geographical advantages, thus overcoming and curbing the disadvantages of layer-by-layer overweight and layer-by-layer shrinkage that are common in administrative practice.

Based on the above principles, the China Municipal Government launched the big data governance strategy, focusing on building e-government and smart government, and focusing on developing new information and technical means. These efforts will bring about the information communication revolution of traditional bureaucratic organizations, thus reducing information distortion and water injection, which is conducive to improving the modernization level of government governance.

3. Fully implement the cultural transformation of modern governance.

The modernization of government governance means the modernization of governance subject, which is manifested in the modernization of governance concept and governance ability of governance subject. Its fundamental way lies in the education, training and ability improvement of the subject and object of governance. To prevent the phenomenon of "layer upon layer overweight" and "layer upon layer attenuation", there are also problems of correcting ideological misunderstandings and overcoming incorrect views on power, values and political achievements. If we can adhere to the people-oriented, democratic style and people-oriented view of power, we can eliminate the phenomenon of "overweight layer by layer" and "shrinking layer by layer" from the ideological root; Proper education and training of governance subjects will help to improve their policy implementation ability and information understanding and judgment ability, which will greatly improve their ability to identify and correct the phenomenon of "layer upon layer overweight" and "layer upon layer irrigation". In short, upgrading modern governance from a cultural perspective is also a fundamental solution to correct bureaucratic drawbacks.

4. Pay attention to the institutional civilization construction of modern governance.

In a sense, the civilization of government governance is embodied in the civilization of governance system. Therefore, modern governance must be embodied in various systems and mechanisms that embody political civilization. Governance modernization at the institutional level directly affects and determines governance capacity. The phenomenon of "layer upon layer overweight" and "layer upon layer shrinkage" in modern bureaucratic system and policy implementation is rooted in organizational structure and institutional mechanism. Bureaucratic system, centralized system, one-way responsibility system of power and lack of balanced modern restriction mechanism are the institutional roots of the phenomenon of "layer upon layer overweight" and "layer upon layer shrinkage"

To this end, the improvement of modern governance ability can not be separated from the modernization of the system level, but also from the transformation and reform of the system level.

① Pay attention to supervising the construction of error correction mechanism, find out wrong information and practices that do not conform to objective laws in time, correct them in time, and reduce the influence and harm of the phenomenon of "layer upon layer overweight" on grassroots work;

(2) Changing the individual accountability of performance evaluation mechanism and responsibility mechanism, increasing the weight of grass-roots feedback on government performance evaluation results, making power operation closer to grass-roots and people, thus promoting the substantive progress of service-oriented government construction;

(3) Establish a system evaluation and revision mechanism to systematically reflect and evaluate various systems and practices, so as to rationalize them and make them more in line with objective laws.