Shangdang culture

Shangdang Bangzi is one of the four major bangzi in Shanxi Province, which is named because it is popular in Shangdang County, Zaogu, southeast of Shanxi Province. In the past, it was once called "Shangdang Palace Tune". After liberation, it was renamed Shangdang Bangzi. According to incomplete statistics in 1965, Shangdang Bangzi * * * produced more than 7 plays (including more than 6 Bangzi plays, more than 9 Pihuang plays, more than 1 Kunqu plays, and several Luo Luo plays and Juan plays). There are more than 4 existing scripts. Most of these plays are rough and heroic, simple and healthy, and * * * has its own characteristics. Among them, Yang Jiajiang and Yue Jiajun have many plays. Rushing into Youzhou, Yanmenguan and Sanguan Banquet are representative theatrical items. "Three Customs Banquets" was put on the screen in 1962 with the help of Comrade Zhao Shuli.

Shangdang Bangzi's vocals are mainly plate-cavity, with occasional Qupai style. What is the basic merit of Shangdang Bangzi? Hey. It is steady and generous to use, magnificent and powerful; The disadvantage is that the feet are heavy and the arms are hard, and the hips are protruding, which is not very beautiful. The technique of expression is thick lines, big outlines, straight in and out, strong and lively. In terms of trade, the role of whiskers is the most prominent, followed by Jingjiao, Tsing Yi and Wu Xiaosheng. Famous actors: in the late Qing Dynasty, there were Shuanglu, Qunyi (Xihuo Dan) and Laobuxiang. Before the Anti-Japanese War, there were Zhao Qinghai, Duan Farong, Cao Huozhu, Ping Fucheng, Feng Tuzui and others. Duan Ermiao, Guo Jinshun, Shen Zhengtai (Yindong), Zhao Dejun (Jin Geda), Wu Wanzhi (female), Hao Pinzhi (female), Hao Tongsheng and others were famous during the Anti-Japanese War and after liberation.

more than 1 years ago, Shangdang area suffered from severe drought. Some artists from Shangdang Bangzi took classes to perform near Heze, Shandong Province and Handan, Hebei Province. Later, they all set up accounts to teach students. After years of absorption, melting and development, two new operas, namely, Shandong Zaobang and Hebei XiDiao, have been formed. Shangdang Luozi was originally named "Licheng Luozi", which spread in the southeast of Shanxi Province and Anze, Wenxi, Xiaxian and Yushe, Zuo Quan and Shexian in Hebei Province. In 1955, it was named Shangdang Luozi by Shanxi Cultural Bureau.

from the 17th to 2th year of Daoguang reign in Qing dynasty, there was a severe drought in Wu 'an, Hebei province for years, and "the grass roots and bark of the people were exhausted". A poor farmer named Xishun fled to Licheng, our province, and made a living by taking short-term jobs. He can sing well and is quite good at Wu 'an. Li Suozhu, a farmer in Dongtuo Village, Licheng County, learned some plays while getting along with Xishun. Later, Li Suozhu organized Li Qiugui (Dan), Li Changqun (Dan), Li Chouze (Sheng) and Ding Cangzhi (Sheng) to organize classes to pick plays. At first, they just performed in circles, and their makeup and costumes were very simple, and only one Hu and Da were used for musical instruments. Later performances gradually absorbed the artistic nutrition of local popular song and dance singing and Shangdang Bangzi in the musical singing, and gradually formed a local characteristic of Licheng Luozi. Twenty-five years after Daoguang, Li Suozhu and others organized a "Fun Club", which not only composed their own plays according to drum words such as A Gongzi's Birthday and Lei Gong's Birthday, but also rehearsed some plays transplanted from Wu 'an, and gradually put them on the stage, and performed in nearby villages during holidays or slack seasons. Thirty years before and after the reign of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, the village communities in Licheng and Lucheng successively set up Licheng Luozi Troupe, each with about 2 people. Due to the direct influence of Shangdang Bangzi opera, Luozi class gradually moved some big plays.

In the 1th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty, some theatrical troupes in Licheng competed with Shangdang Bangzi for audience, and got rid of the dilemma that the theatrical troupes could not participate in the performance of the God Meeting Society. Wang Sihu (also known as Han Baotai, a native of Zizhen Village), the commander of Tianyuan Troupe in the south of Licheng County, invited Muslim operas. He not only brought back traditional operas such as "Ping Liaodong" and "Gao Pingguan" to Licheng, but also brought Wu 'an and Li. At the same time, in terms of costumes, props, performance programs, literature and martial arts, a comprehensive reform has been carried out, using the big gongs, big cymbals, old drums, flutes, sheng, old Hu and other musical instruments of Shangdang Bangzi, and wearing the same big pythons and big pillows as Shangdang Bangzi. There are also large and small curtains, spears, broadswords, fully equipped driving devices and end props on the stage. This is a great leap in the history of Licheng, and the troupe of Licheng, Lucheng and Changzi counties have followed suit.

Luozi artists in Licheng revere Tang Minghuang as their ancestor. Every time they go to a stage, they offer Dai Langzi and Tang Minghuang (or woodcut or portrait) in embroidered robes to the backstage to burn incense and worship. Until the birthday of Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty on April 24 of the lunar calendar every year, the troupe will offer offerings, burn incense and kowtow to the performers, and sing operas, but it is forbidden to perform story plays in the Tang Dynasty. In the 28th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, Wang Sanhe, an actor who was born in the late Qing Dynasty, took a class with Wang Xiaotu (also known as Wang Bingyin) who lived in the late Qing Dynasty for six years. Influenced by Puzhou Bangzi, he brought back his blanket skills, throwing his hair, twisting his mouth and other skills to the upper party and melted them into the late Qing Dynasty. Since then, Licheng's reputation has greatly increased. In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), famous artists Lianke Zhang and Li Yuqing organized Ugly Fu, Wang Shangde, Li Xiaoji, Ma Xinnian, Wang Youfu, etc. to perform plays such as Lotus Plan, Visit Kunshan and Grab the Spirit Card at Mingsheng Building of Kaihua Temple in Taiyuan, and introduced Li Cheng to the provincial audience for the first time. There are more than 2 traditional plays in Shangdang, which emphasize the plot of the story, and there are many jingle sentences in the lines, which are easy to understand.

before Shangdang's liberation, there were dozens of class clubs, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were nearly ten professional literary and art groups. At present, only a few troupes, such as Changzhi Luozi Troupe and Lucheng Hongqi Troupe, can perform normally, and the rest groups have closed down or are struggling. Shangdang Bayinhui is a kind of folk percussion music, which is widely spread in Changzhi and Jincheng in the southeast of Shanxi Province. It began in Xia and Shang Dynasties, formed in the Spring and Autumn Period, and became a complete music form in Han and Tang Dynasties, and has been circulated for more than 2, years. Bayinhui is a music group of non-governmental organizations, which mainly uses eight musical instruments, such as drums, gongs, cymbals, sheng, Xiao, flute and pipe, hence its name. The name "Shangdang Bayinhui" has a short history. At the end of the 18th century, some folk music lovers named the music activities that were not for profit "Eight Music Concerts" in order to distinguish them from professional musicians such as musicians, turtles, street walkers and drummers.

The main functions of Shangdang Bayinhui are to serve the society, serve the people and entertain themselves in people's daily life. Octagonal swing is a unique form of entertainment in Shangdang area, and it is also the wisdom and crystallization of our villagers' ancient traditional culture. Baguaqiu is a double-deck pavilion swing with gorgeous decoration and suspended in mid-air. Its top can rotate as a whole, and eight people can wander at the same time. Those who swing in autumn have the beauty of Chun Yan spreading his wings and Chang 'e flying. Therefore, there is a common saying that "swinging an octagonal swing is half a fairy". It is a very suitable entertainment program for the public, and it is also a work of art to show local culture and the wisdom of the people! Octagonal Autumn, alias: Octagonal Swing, Eight Hanging Autumn. It is named after hanging an eight-hanging swing. It is a unique swing swing! It is usually built during the traditional temple fair (the traditional temple fair in our village is on the ninth day of the second lunar month, and it is built every nine years)!

The height of octagonal autumn is about 2 meters, the diagonal of main shed is about 8 meters, and the height of upper autumn platform is about 2.5 meters and the diameter is about 9 meters. The swing is tall and powerful in outline, fine in workmanship, beautiful in appearance, with colorful ribbons dancing when it rotates, high in figure, endless in cheers and extremely beautiful in beauty.