China traditional culture collection unit 5

China's traditional culture should include: ancient prose, poetry, ci, qu, fu, national music, national drama, quyi, traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, couplets, riddles, shot put, alcoholic drinks and two-part allegorical sayings. Traditional festivals (all according to the lunar calendar) include: Spring Festival on the first day of the first month (Lunar New Year), Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, Tomb-Sweeping Day on April 5th, Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th, Qixi on July 7th, Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, Lunar New Year's Eve and various folk customs. China's ancient natural sciences, including traditional calendars, and the traditional cultures of various regions and ethnic minorities living in the big family of the Chinese nation are also part of China's traditional culture.

Chinese culture

Also known as Chinese civilization. It is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and the longest-lasting civilization in the world. It is generally believed that Chinese civilization has three direct sources, namely, the Yellow River civilization, the Yangtze River civilization and the northern grassland civilization. Chinese civilization is the result of the exchange, integration and sublimation of three regional civilizations. The agricultural civilization produced in the Yellow River basin is influenced by the natural geographical factors in the historical period, and it is constantly transitioning and developing to the agricultural civilization in the Yangtze River basin. The agricultural civilization in the Yangtze River basin is the inheritance and development of the agricultural civilization in the Yellow River basin. Early agriculture in the Yellow River basin was mainly to grow millet, while agriculture in the Yangtze River basin was mainly to grow rice. The nomadic civilization of northern grassland is an important part of Chinese civilization. There is a transition zone between the agricultural civilization area in the Yellow River basin and the nomadic civilization area in the northern grassland. This area is also the main area where nomadic and agricultural nationalities (mainly Han nationality) competed with each other in the historical period, and agricultural civilization and nomadic civilization also exchanged and merged directly in this area.

The Origin of China Culture

Before the Shennong era, the political form of the Chinese nation was tribal politics, and the leader of the tribe was a witch. This statement is quite different from traditional cognition. Historically, people's cognition of "witches" was superstitious, and "witches" pretended to be ignorant. In fact, in the primitive times of our ancestors, witches were scientists, and they represented the authority of knowledge.

In primitive times, before the knowledge of our ancestors was opened, we saw various phenomena in nature, such as mountains and rivers on the ground, storms and lightning caused by climate change and so on. Because I don't understand, I feel suspicious and horrible. In order to get the answers to these questions, we must go to the wizard and teach him. By observing, thinking and analyzing this phenomenon, Wu came to the conclusion that there is a god of wind, a god of rain, a god of thunder, a god of electricity, and a god in charge of all other suns, moons, stars and mountains. Deism is too unscientific and superstitious for modern people. But who can guarantee that the contemporary scientists' explanation of the phenomenon of the universe will not be overturned after 1000 years, and will not be accused of superstition and anti-science?

In addition, there are two things that human beings can't handle themselves and must turn to others for help. First of all, it is physiological. No one is not sick. If a person is ill, he must ask a doctor for treatment. The second is psychology. When people want to do something, they always worry in advance, and they hesitate. At this time, they must ask others for advice for reference. Of course, people now know that you have to go to the hospital for treatment if you are sick. If you are in doubt, you should consult your close friends or experts. In primitive times, these two things happened at the same time, and turning to the same person was a "witch." It can be proved by the ancient word "medicine" and "bu"

(1) Let me talk about the treatment of witches first. In primitive times, the diseases suffered by our ancestors were very simple. Most of them are "diarrhea" caused by improper diet and "cold and fever" caused by unsuitable climate. When a wizard is sick and someone asks him for help, the wizard first asks God for help in the form of prayer. But the disease is real, and diarrhea patients can't stop by praying. The clever witch changed her diet and picked some plants for the patient. Of course, it is very dangerous to do clinical work directly without doing experiments on mice, rabbits and monkeys. Therefore, as a result of eating, some patients are cured, some are ineffective, and some are worse. The witch also recorded what weeds cure what diseases, and drew the shape of plants. When I arrived in Shennong, I compiled it into Compendium of Materia Medica, so the legendary Shennong tasted a hundred herbs, which means that this matter will definitely not be an experiment with himself.

(2) Questions: The questions asked by ancestors are mainly about meteorology. Mainly for hunting. Let's recall that the weather station has the latest scientific instruments, but it can't predict the weather changes. What skills can wizards have to predict? Then the witch found that the inference of the development of things was not as direct and obvious as drug treatment, and there would be a big gap. We must answer people's questions. Wise wizards no longer give clear answers to the questions raised by the people, but give each other a hint in a metaphorical way. And its metaphor often uses folk lyrics at will. Spread to Fuxi, the answers given to the people by witches in previous dynasties were sorted and summarized into 64 cases. This is the origin of the Book of Changes. "Yi" and "Yi" are twins, which are the two main axes of human culture. The version of the Book of Changes has been circulating: before there were symbols, people used knots to record it, and the eight diagrams of the Book of Changes were represented by a big knot and two summaries respectively. A string of ropes hanging on the wall is the origin of hexagrams. Sixty-four hexagrams are composed of eight trigrams, so each hexagram is connected by two trigrams, so it is called "Lian San". Because there is no "three" in the three hexagrams, there are only "mountains" and "roots are mountains." After the process from knot to symbolic writing, the connection of "three" is like the arrangement of "mountain" as a dry divinatory symbol and the connection of two mountain characters, so the word "Lian San" is changed to "Lian Shan". Due to the progress of civilization, human knowledge has gradually opened up, and the cognition of surrounding affairs has also changed, so it is easy to modify and organize (Lianshan). In the era of the Yellow Emperor, characters were invented, and the original hanging on the wall (Lianshan) was changed into a plane symbol. Looking for the arrangement of Yi should start with Kun Gan's two hexagrams. Moreover, the most important place in human life is the earth, so Kun and Gan are in front of the dry divination, and they are changed to (Tibet) in order to correct their names. Extended to the Yin Dynasty. Zhou Wenwang was persecuted by Zhou Wang and imprisoned. Zhou Wenwang was imprisoned in prison. In order to avoid Zhou Wang's suspicion of his rebellion, he was afraid to read political, military and economic books. Only by getting one (back to Tibet) can it be easy to read, which can show that you have no ambition. This is the origin of the story of Wen Wang Yiyan. The Book of Changes was renamed Zhouyi after being collated by Zhou Wenwang. Confucius is the most powerful person to carry forward Zhouyi. Confucius traveled around the world and rebelled against Lu. At the age of sixty-eight, he got the Book of Changes and found that all the questions in his heart could be satisfactorily answered in the Book of Changes. Confucius' reading of Zhouyi and Bian Wei Sanjue shows his diligence in using Kung Fu. He also wrote ten articles for Zhouyi, expounding the theory of Zhouyi. Finally, I sighed, "add me a few more years, and I will learn at 50, and I will know nothing!" " "It's too late, read easy. When you read Zhouyi at 50, you don't have to travel around the world and ask questions everywhere. When Confucius finished writing Zhouyi, it was finalized, and no one dared to change a word or phrase in the future. So (Lianshan), (Gui Zang) and Zhouyi are actually a book, and the titles are different due to different versions.

Traditional culture:

Look at the ancient culture of China.

Lunar New Year-Martial Arts-Twenty-eight Nights-Couplets-Dragon-Five Elements Theory-Eight Diagrams-Traditional Festival in China-Ancient Philosophy in China-Confucianism-Strange Way-Tea Art

Traditional disciplines:

Mathematics: Zhou Kuai Shu Jing; Nine Chapters of Arithmetic (written by Liu Hui of Three Kingdoms); Zu Chongzhi; Abacus.

Astronomy: astronomical observation records, the invention of observation instruments: standard watches; Armature; Jane instrument; High table; Yang Yi, making calendars (lunar calendar).

Medicine: Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine and Mongolian medicine.

Agronomy: Qi Shu (author).

Four great inventions: papermaking, printing, gunpowder and compass.

Architecture: Visit China's architecture, gardens, temples, palaces, Forbidden City, Epang Palace, pagodas, Wan Li Great Wall and mausoleums.

Painting: Chinese painting, riverside scene on Qingming Festival.

Calligraphy: bronze inscription-seal script-official script-regular script-running script-cursive script-hard pen calligraphy.

Music: China folk music, China opera, traditional folk songs.

Dance: ancient dance, Zhou Dynasty elegant music, big dance, small dance, Han Dynasty Yuefu, Tang Dynasty music dance, modern dance, ribbon dance, martial arts, fan dance.

Beijing Opera, Pingju Opera, Yue Opera, Cantonese Opera, Ancient Painting Opera, xiang opera.

Quyi: Crosstalk, Taiwanese Opera, Shadow Play, Puppet Show, Nanqu Opera and Gaojia Opera.

Drama film and television: China film, China film history, China TV, Chinese TV history.

Clothing: See China Clothing.

Diet: Please refer to Chinese food.

Eight major cuisines: Sichuan cuisine (Sichuan cuisine)

Hunan cuisine (Hunan cuisine)

Cantonese cuisine (Cantonese cuisine)

Jiangsu cuisine (Jiangsu cuisine)

Shandong cuisine (Shandong cuisine)

Zhejiang cuisine (Zhejiang cuisine)

Fujian cuisine (Fujian cuisine)

Anhui Cuisine (anhui cuisine)

chopsticks

Education: imperial academy, Imperial College, Imperial Examination System, Private Schools, Academies, imperial academy.

Literature: Look at China's classical literature.

China myth.

China's fable.

China allusions.

China's novels.

China's poems.

Sports: Chess-Go-Wushu (Kung Fu)-Qigong.

The cultural logic of Chinese civilization is closely related to the theory of "the sky is round and the place is round". Of course, if we recognize the cultural origin of the mining field system-the role and significance of "Xinjiang" agriculture and "Xinjiang" planning in the initial definition of land property rights. Then, from the perspective of "a round land" and "frontier agriculture", the historical context of the origin of China culture and civilization is very clear, and this cultural relationship can even be traced back to the Jiahu cultural era in Henan about 8,000 years ago. Therefore, the solution of the mining field system can not only solve the basic political and economic problems of China in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, but also further understand the origin of China culture and civilization. There is a complete structural relationship among culture, politics, economy and their institutional arrangements, but the traditional economic theory does not reveal the necessity of this relationship. In fact, mercantilism is not something that anyone can get rid of if he wants to. Institutional arrangement should be an important way to discuss civilization and the economic nature of a certain social structure.