Calculation of the rules of the lunar calendar

The calculation of the time of the festival and the solstice is based on 120 degrees east longitude, China Standard Time.

(Lunar Calendar rules according to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory) Yellow longitude: is used to determine the position of celestial bodies on the celestial sphere in the ecliptic coordinate system of coordinates, *** divided into 360 degrees, the celestial sphere in this system by the plane of the ecliptic is divided into the north and south hemispheres, the sun moved to the ecliptic 0 degrees for the spring equinoxes, moved to the ecliptic 90 degrees for the summer solstice, moved to the 180-degree for the autumnal equinox, moved to the winter solstice at 270 degrees.

Solstice: the day when the moon moves to the middle of the earth and the sun is called the solstice.

Flat solstice: the average length of the lunar month is used to calculate the solstice, without taking into account the unequal operation of the sun and the moon; Disadvantage: "the day containing the real solstice may sometimes occur on the last day of the previous month ("hui day", 29th day)". ", the 29th or 30th day of the month), and sometimes on the second day of the month".

Fixed solstice: The calculation takes into account the unequal operation of the sun and the moon, and the day containing the true "solstice" is taken as the beginning of the month.

Hiraki: Calculations do not take into account the unevenness of the sun's movement on the ecliptic, and divide the time of one year (the regression year) into 24 equal parts to form the twenty-four seasons, with an average number of days between two seasons of 15.22 days.

Determination of the gas: the calculation takes into account the uneven movement of the sun on the ecliptic, will determine the gas between the two seasons is not the same number of days, the short only 14 days, the long up to 16 days.

Winter Solstice: the day where the winter solstice intersection time is called the winter solstice. Winter solstice must be in the month: the day of the winter solstice or winter solstice before the day of the solstice as the first day of the month of the first "starting point" (note: starting point and fortune-telling is different).

Jianzheng: the first month of the year, the Jianzheng of the lunar calendar is "Xiazheng": the first month of the Xia calendar is Jianyin [Zi month is November];

Yinzheng: the first month of the Yin calendar is Jianchou [Zi month is December], the Lu calendar is the same as the Yin calendar;

Zhouzheng: the first month of the Zhou calendar is Jianzheng [Zi month is the first month of the year];

Zhouzheng: the first month of the Zhou calendar is Jianzi [Zi month is the first month of the year];

Qin Zheng: the Qin calendar Zhuanxu Calendar, the first month of the year Jian Yin, October Jian Hai for the first month of the year.

Seasonal: a year divided into twelve seasons, twelve in the gas, *** twenty-four seasons, the Qing Dynasty "Shi Xian Calendar" (1645 AD) before the use of flat gas labeling, the Qing Dynasty "Shi Xian Calendar" (1645 AD) after the use of fixed gas labeling. Note the difference between labeling and calculation, the lunar calendar fixed qi algorithm in the Sui and Tang dynasties has been produced, but by the conservative forces at the time and did not complete the transition from the flat qi labeling to fixed qi labeling, such as the monk a line of revision of the "Dayan Calendar" initiative fixed qi note calendar, but the court did not adopt his doctrine, and ultimately fixed qi algorithm before the end of the Ming Dynasty is only used for the calculation of the constellations of the sun, five stars, and the five-star line of the degree of solar and lunar eclipse forecasts. To the end of the Ming Dynasty "Chongzhen Calendar" after a heated debate, and finally established the principle of fixed gas note calendar.

Calendar: can be divided into three kinds of solar calendar, lunar calendar, yin and yang calendar:

Yang calendar (solar calendar): the sun's annual visual motion cycle (i.e., the return year, which is approximately equal to 365.2422 days) for a year, a year is divided into 12 months, which has nothing to do with the movement of the moon. According to the date of the solar calendar, it is possible to know the changes of the seasons and to reasonably guide agriculture and other things. The Gregorian calendar is a type of solar calendar.

Lunar Calendar (Taiyin Calendar): The lunar cycle (i.e., the lunar month, equal to 29.530588 days) is one month, and 12 months is one year. It does not take into account the annual visual movement of the sun at all, and thus the date of the lunar calendar cannot show the four seasons of warmth and coldness. The practical value of this calendar is so small that it has been discarded except in Islam.

Lunar and solar calendars: China's lunar calendar belongs to this category, which takes the cycle of the moon phases, namely the lunar month as the length of the month, and refers to the solar return year as the length of the year, and sets up intercalary months in order to make the average calendar year compatible with the return year. According to the date of the lunar calendar, you can know the rise and fall of the tides, but also roughly grasp the change of seasons.

Almanac: a publication that records the calendar and other related information, such as the yellow calendar, almanac book. The electronic calendar is a product of technological development, is the new carrier. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory Calendar Group released

1. Calculation using Beijing time as the standard.

2. The calculation of the position of the Sun and the Moon is based on the International Astronomical Union (International Astronomical Union) under the Standards Of Fundamental Astronomical Reviewing Board (the Standards Of Fundamental Astronomical Reviewing Board) recommended by the standard model of celestial position attribution. The standard model for position attribution is recommended by the Standards Of Fundamental Astronomical Reviewing Board of the International Astronomical Union.

3. The lunar day on which the solstice falls is the first day of the lunar month.

4. The lunar month in which the winter solstice falls is November.

5. If there are 13 lunar months between the beginning of one November and the next November (not included), the first lunar month that does not contain a festival will be the leap month;

6. The second (not counting the leap month) lunar month after November will be the starting month of the lunar year.

7. The reference time for the stem and branch of the lunar year: the lunar year that corresponds to the time interval from 00:00 on February 2, 1984 to 00:00 on February 20, 1985 in Beijing time is the year of the first son.

8. The reference time for the lunar day stem: the lunar day corresponding to January 31, 1984 in the Beijing time calendar is the day of the first son. In ancient times, the definition of the day: the Earth's rotation of one week as a day. One of them is the hour when the sun is farthest from the horizon as Zi Zi Hour, which corresponds to Beijing time 23:00~1:00. However, in the lunar calendar, the day begins at Zi Zheng (0:00), not at the beginning of the night Zi (23:00).

Monthly policy and the end of the rule: the first day of the month for the starting point (the first day of the month); the first day of the month (the first day of the month) to the next first day of the month (the first day of the next month) how many days, the number of days in the month. There are 30 days in a big month and 29 days in a small month; before the second year of Wude (619 A.D.) in the Tang Dynasty, the Pingshuo was used, and after the second year of Wude (619 A.D.), the Dingshuo was used.

Nianze and intercalary rules: the winter solstice must be in the month of Zi (Yin Zheng November), the last winter solstice month (Yin Zheng November) to the next winter solstice month, such as 12 months without intercalary, such as 13 months to be intercalary, the last winter solstice month after the first month of the first without the middle of the air for the intercalary month in a number of months behind the month of the intercalary number of months. For example, if there are 12 months between the winter solstice month of the year 2032 and the winter solstice month of the year 2033, no intercalary leap will be made. If there are 13 months between the winter solstice of the year 2033 and the winter solstice of the year 2034, it must be intercalated, and the first month after the winter solstice (November) of the year 2033 is the next month, which is designated as an intercalary month. It is exactly after November, so it is called leap November.

1. Stem and Branch Chronology

As the first year of the Azi, B ugly for the second year, C Yin for the third year ...... sixty years for a week. A week is over, and then from the year of the first son, week after week, the cycle continues. Stem and branch chronology sprouted in the early Han Dynasty, Han Zhangdi Yuanhe two years (85 AD), the court ordered the implementation of the stem and branch chronology in the country. From then on, the stem-and-branch chronology was used in the Chinese traditional calendar along with the chronology of the emperors' years. It is worth noting that the stem-and-branch chronology is based on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar, the Lunar New Year, while the Chinese zodiac is converted on the day of the first spring.

The Gregorian calendar is the first year of the lunar calendar with the dry-branch chronology, for example, 1929 is the year of the sixth year, 1930 is the year of the Gengwu ...... to 1989 is again the year of the sixth year. We see in the calendar year of the year, the year of the gengwu, is according to the dry branch chronology of this method of arrangement down. It is also worth noting that the AD year belongs to the Gregorian calendar, according to the Gregorian New Year shall prevail (the Gregorian calendar on January 1 every year); the dry-branch chronology belongs to the Lunar Calendar, according to the Lunar New Year shall prevail that is, the Lunar New Year every year, the first day of the first month of the day of the conversion, which is absolutely not to be confused. The two calendars are independent systems that have nothing to do with each other. And the dry branch chronology absolutely can not be mixed with the date of the Gregorian calendar, otherwise it is a very serious fallacy.

2. Stem and Branch Calendars

The first twelve months of the pre-Qin dynasty, so the earth's branches must be determined first: the month of the winter solstice is the month of the son, and so on. In the case of a leap month, the earth's branch of the previous month will be used. Determine the Earth's branches, down to determine the celestial stem: if the year of A or F, the first month is C Yin, February is Ding Mao, March is E Chen, and so on; meet the year of B or G, the first month of E Yin; C or Cin of the first month of the year for the Geng Yin, D or Nong of the year for the first year of Nong Yin, E or Dai of the year of the first month of the first month of the A Yin. The first month of the stem and branch know, the rest of the month can be in accordance with the order of the 60 A Zi deduce. Stem and branch of the month to the solstice (i.e., the first day of the month of the numerical calendar) as a starting point, in the case of a leap month with the previous month with the same stem and branch of the calendar, the official use of this calendar method.

3. Stem and Branch Calendar

The first day of the first son, the second day of the second ugly, the third day of the third c Yin ......60 day for a week. After a week and then from the A Zi day, week after week, the cycle goes on, for example, the first day of the first month of the Lunar Calendar in the year of polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl (Xiyuan 2012) is the first day of the decanal, the second day of the day is the day of A Shen ...... to the first day of March is exactly 60 days, so the second day of March is the second decanal, the first three days of the first day of the month is the day of the first day of the first day. The Han calendar, the stem and branch date has not been interrupted not messed up, is the Chinese date history is also the world's date history in the longest kind of date history. There are clear records of the date, up to 2700 years.

4. Stem and Branch Chronology

The hour of the day is also determined by the Earth's branches, so twenty-four hours with twelve Earth's branches, from eleven o'clock at night to one o'clock for the son of the hour, one o'clock to three o'clock for the ugly, and the rest of the push. The day of the time by the day of the heavenly stem of the push, its song hostile as follows:

A self is still born A, B G C for the first,

C Xin from the E from the Ding Nong Geng Zi residence,

Wu Dai where the hair, Nong Zi is the real way.

That is, if the day is the A or H, in the son of the time on the A for the A son; day is the B or G, in the son of the time on the C for the C son; C Xin day time on the E for the E son; Ding Ren day for the Geng Zi; E Dec day for the Nonon Zi. Knowing the stem of the Zi Zi, you can deduce the rest.

It is worth noting that the problem is that the traditional folklore used in the eight characters of the birth algorithm is different from the calendar stems and branches, four columns in the dry branch of the year column using the Lichun intersection of the moment, the dry branch of the month column using: the intersection of the moment of calculation of Lichun, hibernation, Chingming, Lixia, Mangzhao, small summer, Lichu, White Dew, Cold Dew, Lidong, Daxue, Xiaochan, note that it is not the festival day 0 o'clock, so one of the dry branch of the day column can be respectively classified as Two columns of the year or month, this algorithm is only used for the calculation of the eight characters of the birth year, does not belong to the calendar, which is absolutely not to be confused.