What musical instrument is Guqin?

Question 1: What's the difference between guzheng and guqin? I study guzheng, so I'll talk about their differences ~ ~ Guqin is the oldest plucked instrument in China, which was formed more than 3,000 years ago and is said to be made by Fuxi and Shennong. The formation of guzheng was later than that of Qin Dynasty. According to legend, in the Qin Dynasty, an innocent person passed the musical instrument to two women, and the two women argued and broke it in half, so it was called Qin Zheng. This is the age gap between the two.

Secondly, the guqin is a single wood with seven strings on its face, so it was called the lyre in ancient times. The strings are tied with velvet rope and wound around the string shaft, which belongs to a horseless instrument with plucked music; Guzheng consists of a frame plate, a panel and a bottom plate. The earliest Zheng had five strings, which developed into 12 strings at the end of the Warring States, 13 strings in the Sui Dynasty, 16 strings in the Qing Dynasty, 2 1 string in the 1960s and 24-26 strings in recent years. The strings are evenly arranged on the surface of the Zheng, and each string is supported by a herringbone string horse, which belongs to plucked music with horses.

Third, although Guqin has only seven strings, one string has many tones, and its range is more than four octaves wide. With the thirteen piano characters on the panel, you can play many overtones and keys. The timbre is subtle and deep, simple and elegant, and the expressive force is extremely rich, so it is listed as the first of piano, chess, book and painting by ancient literati; Guzheng is basically a string with the sound of 1-2, and the horse (column) moves with the same string, which can be adjusted to pitch, with a wide range and a large volume. The timbre is pure and beautiful, melodious and melodious.

Fourthly, the music score of Guqin is sui generis, which was called character spectrum in ancient times and "reduction spectrum" after the Tang Dynasty. But in ancient times, the guzheng used to use Miyachi notation, and now it uses simple notation and staff notation.

Fifthly, the oldest representative piece of Guqin is Jieshitiao Youlan, which describes that Confucius does not describe himself as an empty valley Youlan. It has been 1400 years. There are Guangling San, Junyun Liushui and Meihua Sannong. There are about thousands of piano scores in existence. The history books of our country recorded the legend that Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi met and knew each other in the mountains and rivers. During the Three Kingdoms, Kong Ming skillfully used the empty city plan to play the piano to retreat the hundred thousand troops of Sima, all of which were about guqin instead of guzheng. 1977, the Voyager spacecraft launched by the United States went beyond the solar system and headed for the space of the Milky Way. The song "Running Water" played by the spaceship is a famous song played by Guqin in China. The representative pieces of Guzheng ancient music include Fishing Boat Singing Late, Swimming in Western Western jackdaw, Water Lotus, Flowers in Brocade, etc. S

Guzheng is loud and beautiful, and there is a strong sense of blessing when playing. It's the perfect way to charm people. Therefore, since ancient times, it has been mostly girls who have trained themselves to be artists. Guqin has a deep voice and introverted personality. Only under some special circumstances can people be particularly moved, and it is often only the pianist himself who is moved. Some masters have also played songs with strong blessings, which makes people feel that the breath of Songtao in a thousand valleys is extremely intoxicating. But judging from the structure and history of guqin, the real meaning of guqin lies not in skill and emotion, but in artistic conception and nature. Harmony between man and nature is the ultimate goal of a pianist. Therefore, guzheng is more inclined to play for others, and guqin is more inclined to play for itself. When Guqin is played, it will attract many people to listen, but it is always hard to find intimate friends of Guqin. Personal point of view.

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Question 2: What musical instrument does Guqin belong to? Guqin, also known as lyre, Qin Yu and lyre, is one of the oldest plucked instruments in China. Guqin has been popular since Confucius' time and has a history of at least 3000 years. It was called Guqin at the beginning of this century. The creators of Qin are Fuxi, Shennong and Shun. They wrote banjo and sang Nanfeng. As a legend, you may not believe it, but you can see that Qin has a long history in China. The Book of Songs? Guanluo has My Fair Lady, male prostitute and The Book of Songs? Xiaoya also has records such as "playing the piano and playing the drum to cure Tianzu".

Guqin structure

Guqin is a flat and long speaker, with a length of about 130 cm, a width of about 20 cm and a thickness of about 5 cm. The panel, also known as the piano face, is a long wooden board with an arched surface. The head of the piano has chord holes, the tail of the piano is oval, and there are crescent-shaped or square-folded people on both sides of the neck and waist. The bottom plate, also known as the piano bottom, has the same shape as the panel, but it is not arched. The belly of the piano is dug in the lower half of the whole piece of wood. There are two sound holes in the bottom plate, called Longchi and Fengman respectively. There are two foot holes near the waist in the middle, and two feet are installed on them to praise the feet. The piano face and the bottom plate are bonded to form the piano body, and the tongue-shaped wooden board is attached to the inside of the piano head to form a space separated from the belly of the piano, which is called the tongue hole. There is a sound beam on the back of the panel, also called Shi Xiang. There are two pillars in the belly of the piano, called Tianzhu and Judy. Chords, also called Qin Zhen, are mostly round or melon-shaped, hollow (for threading), and the strings are tied with velvet ropes and tied around the harp. The strings are wrapped in silk. Yueshan is embedded in the head of the panel and also has a chord hole. There are four feet on the floor. The first two feet are called palms and the last two feet are called tail stickers, which play the role of flattening the body. 13 signs made of mother-of-pearl or jade are embedded in the panel to mark phonemes.

Guqin modeling

Guqin has beautiful shapes, including Fuxi style, Zhong Ni style, Julian style, sunset style, brainwave style, banana leaf style, Shennong style and so on. Mainly according to the different neck and waist shapes of the piano body. Lacquer has broken lines, which is the symbol of the ancient piano. Due to the vibration of long-term performance and the difference of wood and paint base, all kinds of broken lines can be formed, such as plum blossom break, cow hair break, snake belly break, ice breaking, turtle pattern and so on. A broken piano is more valuable because of its clear sound and beautiful appearance. The ancient famous pianos include Luqi, Jiaowei, Chunlei, pure and pure, the legacy of the Great Sage, and Pei Huan of Xiao Jiu.

Guqin evolution

Qin Tang, especially the guzheng in the Tang Dynasty, is fat and * * *. In most existing Qin Tang, two pieces of paulownia wood are often stuck on Longchi and plump panels, which are used as counterfeit banknotes. Until the early Ming dynasty, there were still piano makers using this method. Qin Tang's broken sentences are mostly snake belly broken, as well as ice broken and running water broken. Its surface paint ash has two colors: ink and chestnut shell, and cinnabar paint was added when future generations repaired it. The grey tire is pure antler ash, and both sides of the back of the piano are wrapped with linen from bottom to top until the edge of the panel to prevent the upper and lower plates from opening glue. The sides of these pianos are all between 120 and 125 cm.

Guqinbian in Song Dynasty, with a total length of1.28cm and a shoulder width of 25cm. Its body is flat and big, and its size is larger than that handed down by Qin Tang, which is one of the main styles in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, besides the antique works, the shape gradually became flat and narrow, especially the Zhong Ni-style guqin, which was the main style of making the piano in the Southern Song Dynasty. The main material for making the piano in Song Dynasty is the bottom of tung-faced catalpa or pine-faced bottom. Broken lines include snake belly, ice lines, running water and little cow hair. The gray tires are mainly antler ash, and some people use flax as the base, but rarely. Babel ash was also used in the late Northern Song Dynasty (that is, gold, silver, pearls and emerald corals were crushed and mixed with antler ash). The Song Dynasty is an important stage in the history of piano-making after the Tang Dynasty. The government even set up a special bureau to make piano, which is called "official piano".

Qin-making in Yuan Dynasty was the product of the transition period of Song and Ming Dynasties. Because of the short duration, there are few existing objects. In the Ming Dynasty, the number of pianos was unprecedented. Whether it is the prince of the emperor or the family of officials, there are many people who are good at piano. There are four famous piano makers in the imperial clan: Wang Ning, Hengwang, wangyi and Lu Wang. Among the four kings, Qin was the most famous, which began in Chongzhen. It is reported that there are as many as four or five hundred pieces with the same style and size, all of which are numbered and engraved on the abdomen in chronological order; The name "Zhonghe" is engraved on the back of the piano, and Jing Yi's poem "The Water of the Yangtze River" and the seal of "Lu Chuan" are all painted with eight treasures.

Playing method

When playing, put the piano on the table, pluck the strings with your right hand, press the strings with your left hand and pick up the sound. Guqin has a range of four octaves and two tones. There are 7 scattered tones, 9 1 overtone and 147 technical tones. There are many ways to play, such as holding, breaking, rubbing, picking, hooking, picking, hitting, picking, turning and poking with your right hand ... >>

Question 3: What kind of musical instrument is Guqin? How does that sound? Guqin is a bit like guzheng, but smaller. It is also called heptachlor and Qin Yu. It is a traditional plucked instrument with a long history, and the guzheng is also developed on its basis. The voice is higher than the guzheng. Listen to Ode to Happiness, Three Stories in the Sun, Song of Pulling Fiber, Lisao and Crystal Stone in the Stream, and feel the sound of the guqin.

Question 4: What is a guqin? Guqin, also known as Qin, lyre, stone and lyre, is a plucked instrument in China, with a history of more than 3,000 years, belonging to the silk of eight tones. Guqin has a wide range, deep timbre and lingering sound. "Qin" has been its specific meaning since ancient times. From 65438 to 1920s, it was renamed Guqin to distinguish it from piano. At the beginning, it was 5 strings, and it was customized to 7 strings in the Han Dynasty. There are 13 emblems that mark the rhythm. They are also ritual vessels and musical instruments.

Qin is a musical instrument with the highest cultural status in ancient China, and there are some sayings, such as "a scholar withdraws the Qin without reason" and "left the Qin and right the book". Ranked first among the four traditional arts of China, Qin, Qi, calligraphy and painting, it is regarded as an elegant representative by literati, and it is also an accompaniment instrument when literati sing. Since ancient times, it has been a necessary knowledge and compulsory subject for many literati. The story of Boya and Zhong Ziqi's bosom friend "high mountains and flowing water" has been passed down to this day; Qintai is considered as a symbol of friendship. Qin is found in a large number of poems. There are more than 3360 piano pieces, 130 piano scores and 300 piano pieces. The main spread range is the countries and regions in the Han cultural circle, such as China, North Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, etc., and there are also Qin Hui organized by Qin people in Europe and America.

Guqin is the earliest plucked instrument of Han nationality, a treasure of China culture and a masterpiece of human oral and intangible heritage. The physical objects unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Hubei Province date back more than 2,400 years. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, guqin products have been handed down from generation to generation. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 100 kinds of music and 3000 musical instruments. There are also a large number of documents about pianists, piano theory, piano system and piano art, and the rich remains are outstanding among Chinese musical instruments. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, guqin was also introduced to East Asian countries, and was absorbed and passed down by the traditional cultures of these countries. In modern times, with the footprints of China people all over the world, it became a symbol of oriental culture in the eyes of westerners.

The origin of Qin is not verified, but all clan leaders at the beginning of ancient civilization in China were related to the legend of Qin's founding, such as Fuxi controlling Qin.

Legends such as Shennong, Tang Yao, Huangdi and Yu Shun, but without archaeological support, should be said to be incidental. There are Qin characters in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, but they may have developed from the Middle East harp like water chestnut, and the earliest unearthed water chestnut sample was in Qiemo County, Xinjiang, about 400 BC to 200 BC. The earliest written records of Qin dynasty can be found in the Book of Songs, and the oldest one similar to Qin dynasty is the ten-stringed piano in the tomb of Zeng Houyi. The length of the piano is similar to that of the modern piano, while the length of the ten-string piano is half that of the modern piano. The body is thick, the surface is uneven and there is no emblem. In the mid-Warring States period and the Western Han Dynasty, lyres shorter than modern ones were unearthed. The ten-stringed piano unearthed in Ceng Houyi has a curved face, a slightly raised head, a concave waist, an upturned tail and a foot under the piano, which is very similar to a single foot and is a symbol of ritual vessels.

Zhong Yi in the Western Zhou Dynasty was the earliest professional violinist in existing records. [1] According to historical records, during the Spring and Autumn Period, there were many famous people in the courts of vassal states, and most of them took "Shi" as their surnames, such as,, and Shi Juan. History shows that they all have superb piano skills. In the pre-Qin period, it was called "string songs" to accompany and sing with the piano. There are also a lot of records about Qin in the Book of Songs and other literary works, which shows that Qin had rich expressive force at that time. During the Warring States Period, with the continuous progress of music, Qin Le has also been greatly developed and popularized, resulting in a large number of Qin musicians, such as Harmony's "Friends through the Ages" and other classics. As the main musical instrument, Qin has been endowed with the function of cultivating sentiment and aesthetics by scholars. The so-called "a gentleman is close to the piano, and this musical instrument festival is not centered" and "a scholar does not withdraw the piano without reason". Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, worships Qin very much. He can play the piano and sing 300 books of songs. He also learned from Qin and became an example for later scholars. Later generations attached two piano pieces, Confucius read the Book of Changes and cried for Yan Hui. , Zhou, Confucius, etc. are also famous musicians.

Question 5: What's the difference between guzheng and guqin? Compared with guqin, guzheng can be simpler. After all, fingering is not very complicated, and the score looks relatively easy to understand. But sometimes the tuning of guzheng is a bit troublesome. Personally, I like the sound of guqin, which is very charming, but it takes a long time to get started if I learn guqin. Guqin is not as easy to understand as guzheng. I think there are more people learning guzheng now, but few people can learn the essence whether it is guqin or guzheng. If parents want to study just to enrich their spare time, I suggest learning guzheng. I was fine when I first learned. I study guqin, and my parents are afraid to stay at home when I go home to practice ... If I don't play well, it's noise. ...

Question 6: What instruments are used to play guqin? The cooperation with Xiao is the most classic. The famous ensemble of Qin and Xiao: Yuqiao Pingsha asks questions and answers, the geese pass the fragrance of plum blossoms, and the phoenix asks the phoenix to lie down and watch Yun Qi.

Question 7: Explain what musical instrument Guqin belongs to? By the way, is the pipa an guqin? Guqin depends on its own economic conditions. You can consider how much it can bear. Guqin can cultivate sentiment and is a representative musical instrument in classicism. But considering a problem, it is more suitable for boys to consider flute and flute, if girls can choose between guqin and pipa. This kind of musical instrument always gives people a sad feeling, so it is better to play less. Tao Di, I want to remind you that it is not a classical instrument of China. It is popular in Italy and Japan, but it is always scarce in China, and resources are a little scarce. Personal suggestions, I hope to have reference significance for the landlord.

Question 8: What's the difference between guqin and guitar? Although guqin and guitar belong to the category of plucked instruments, they are different from each other in terms of historical origin, appearance (shape), tuning method, performance technical requirements, tune style and timbre.

Historically, Guqin is a local musical instrument in China, which was born about 3,000 years ago. Guitar, however, initially flowed into Spain from * * with the westward invasion of Moors, and was shaped into today's shape in16th century. It was introduced into China at the end of19th century.

From the appearance, the guqin is a long box with seven strings on its face. Guitar is composed of an 8-shaped box and a long neck, with six strings; Guqin has no metal objects or sound holes on the lattice, only a sound emblem marked with overtones, while guitar has a fingerboard specially used for left-handed pickup, and the fingerboard is embedded with metal objects, and the speaker has a circular sound hole (jazz guitar has F-shaped sound holes on both sides like violin).

In terms of tuning methods, guqin is usually tuned according to the traditional pentatonic scale of China, and the relationship between two degrees and three degrees; The guitar is tuned according to a pure four-degree relationship.

In playing techniques, the first is playing posture. Guqin is placed horizontally on the table in front of the player, playing directly against Guqin, with hands folded; Guitar is to hold the instrument in your arms. Classical guitars must be played in a sitting position, while folk guitars can be played in any position, sitting or standing. On the left hand, Guqin pays attention to "kneading strings". After holding down the strings with your left hand, shake your fingers to make the piano sound like a slippery sound. In addition to special requirements, the fingers of the guitar generally remain stable after pressing the strings; The right hand plucks the strings, the guqin plucks the Dan Xian by hook, plucking, playing and twisting, and the guitar plucks the strings mainly with a single finger hook; Guqin also has a method of sweeping strings, called "stroke" strings, which is mainly used for rapid arpeggio playing. Guitar's strumming methods are very rich, mainly used in various rhythms;

In terms of sound, the sound penetration of guqin is strong, and the volume of guitar is weak; But they are not suitable for ensemble with other instruments;

In terms of timbre, guqin timbre is calm and heavy; Different kinds of guitars are different. Classical guitar is soft and mellow, flamenco guitar is clear, and folk guitar is sharper.

In terms of melody style, guqin is mainly played by overtones, so it is longer than melodious melody, which is not suitable for playing modern harmony, while guitar is mainly played by pitch, so it is not only suitable for playing multi-part harmony, but also suitable for playing accompaniment tunes of various rhythms.

In addition, modern guitar combined with electro-acoustic technology developed electro-acoustic guitar, while guqin kept its original appearance.

Question 9: What musical instruments do Qin and Qin refer to respectively? As detailed as possible! 1. This musical instrument is an ancient stringed instrument that plays a box. The name of the instrument is unknown. It is far-fetched to say that musical instruments are named after sounds in the ancient book Interpretation of Musical Instruments.

In the past, stringed instruments accounted for the largest proportion of archaeological discoveries. Unearthed sites are concentrated in Hubei, Hunan and Henan provinces, mostly Chu tombs in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Only in Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Liaoning and other provinces have sporadic discoveries, most of which are later.

Guzheng is similar to today's guzheng. The piano is made of wood and has a "square" fixed string at one end. According to the number of squares, guzheng can be divided into 2 squares, 3 squares and 5 squares.

In the musical instrument pit of Luo Zhuang Han Tomb, * * * found seven musical instruments, but the wooden structure had already rotted, leaving only the remains. However, these bronze serpens are well preserved. They are made of bronze and gold and still shine today. It is possible to replace musical instruments with a modern guzheng when identifying musical instruments unearthed from Han tombs in Luo Zhuang. As for those rotten musical instruments, they can be copied according to the remains in the future.

2. Qin, playing stringed instruments. It was called Qin Qixiong in ancient times. In modern times, it is called guqin and lyre. The Book of Songs, Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu and Lv Chunqiu are all recorded. Most musicians in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty were proficient in piano, such as Zhong Yi of Chu State and Shi Kuang of Jin State. Confucius is good at playing the piano, and among the "six arts" he teaches, there are contents of playing the piano and reciting poems. Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, Sima Xiangru, Cai Yong and Ji Kang have all been famous for playing the piano. In the Tang Dynasty, poets like Li Qiao, Xin Li, Li Bai, Han Yu, Bai Juyi and Zhang Hu wrote immortal poems for playing the piano. Song Huizong people love the piano art, and Zeng Guangshou's famous piano is hidden in this special "Wan Qin Hall". Since the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, with the development of Guqin performance art, due to the differences in performance style, inheritance and recorded music, many schools have been formed, each with outstanding musicians and music. The famous Qin schools are Zhejiang School, Yushan School and Guangling School. There are Pucheng School, Panchuan School, September 1st School, Zhucheng School and Lingnan School in modern times. In recent years, the piano music collection has collected more than 150 kinds of piano music scores and more than 3,000 piano music pieces, showing the rich musical heritage of Guqin.

The production process of guqin also has a long history, and many famous piano makers come forth in large numbers. Lei Xiao, Wei Lei, Lei Jue, Lei Xun, etc. were the only Shile families in Sichuan in the Tang Dynasty. And Zhang Yue, Guo Liang, Li Mian and other masters. Leave a lot of fine products for future generations. In the Song Dynasty, there were Zhu, Wei Zhongzheng and Jin Dao. In the yuan dynasty, there was beauty; There was He Zhang in Ming Dynasty.