What are the advantages of the 170 compared to other ships?

and China's previous ship design always like to refer to the Soviet Union and Russia compared to the 170 destroyer in the design can be described as unique, with a very strong German MEKO flavor; the ship's body is long and plump, the first part of the large angle of the flying shear bow, without any drift, no folding line above the waterline, the superstructure has adopted the design of the integration of the stern with a small chevron-shaped tail; and the 80's design of the ship compared to the 170, although the trial performance and stability is lacking, but this novel design can greatly improve the 170 fast and resistant to waves, and the advantages of foreign ships.

The 170 lacks in sea trial and stability, but this novel design can greatly improve the 170's rapidity, wave resistance, and to a certain extent, also reduces the ship in high-speed sailing generated by the rising wave resistance; its maneuverability and flexibility, fast and good, it can be said that it is still adapted to the future needs of the war.

052C air defense missile destroyer 170 and 171 power:

Power system: 170 destroyer chimney can be seen around the gas turbine warships unique large air filtration window, the main engine is the production of the DA/DN80 in the Ukraine in 1995, which is in addition to the U.S. WR-21 outside the world's most advanced host, but the life and maintenance time remains to be seen. The DA/DN80 main engine is 4.6 meters long, weighs 16 tons, rotates at 3,000-3,600 rpm, and has a maximum power of 26,680.5 kilowatts, with a thermal efficiency of 36.5%, making it quite advanced in performance. However, the auxiliary engine is still dominated by the Chinese MTU20V956TB90.

Cloaking:

Entering the 21st century, navies around the world have begun to pursue stealth requirements in ship design. Because of the previous design experience of the 167, so in the 170, the Chinese navy is to take is to further improve the method, the shape of a change in the 167 semi-closed design, for the first time to take a fully closed shape design, with curved panels instead of flat panels, the side walls of the tilt angle is greater, the corner of the corner of the use of the rounded surface and the prongs in order to avoid the mirror strong reflections. Various exposed weapons and equipments have also been modified to be stealthy as far as possible; for example, the main gun has been designed to be stealthy, anti-ship missiles have been attached with double-sided baffles, and anti-aircraft missiles have been used with vertical launchers, burying the whole mechanism deep inside the hull, and so on. For surface ships, infrared radiation has obvious detectable characteristics. Its infrared radiation sources are mainly chimneys, the main engine room and its exhaust gas and hot water, lights, thermal radiation from the hull surface and so on. On the 170, for the chimneys with strong infrared characteristics, cold water cooling, heat-insulating baffles, heat-insulating coatings, heat-resistant mats, and discharging exhaust gases from the diesel engine into the water through the internal piping were adopted to suppress infrared radiation; on acoustic stealth, the 170's hull surface adopted muffler tiles, muffler coatings, and high-efficiency 5-bladed propellers to prevent sonar detection from underwater. The combination of all these protective measures makes the 170's stealth ability outstanding, and it is claimed that the signal on the radar screen of the 170, with a full load displacement of more than 7,000 tons, is only equivalent to the size of a ship of a few hundred tons.

Weaponry:

12-barrel anti-torpedo depth charges On the bow, the FQF-2500/12-barrel anti-submarine/anti-torpedo depth charge launcher, which was thought to be long obsolete, reappeared on the 170. With a range of around 2,500 meters, the main use of this depth charge is for close-in anti-submarine warfare, and the Chinese Navy still has a large number of ships equipped with this old-fashioned but practical piece of equipment. But with a range of 2,500 meters deep bomb to deal with those high-performance submarines is really a little bit of the feeling of the night pool; so in the use of the author believes that used to counter incoming torpedoes is more likely, which is by no means nonsensical, because in the Russian Navy ships are also generally equipped with a similar anti-torpedo facilities, the two except for a certain amount of difference in the number of bombs on the other, such as the overall structure, launcher, systems and ammunition are very similar. The overall structure, launcher, system and ammunition are similar. Although the structure of this system is simple, and there is no guidance, electronic jamming equipment, and the current widespread use of other anti-torpedo equipment compared to the small, but its powerful, fast firing speed, intensive fire, flush firing can form a tight underwater barrier, as long as the combination of and reliable detection equipment, or can achieve certain results.

Guns:

At the rear of the 12-barrel anti-torpedo depth charge launcher, a single 100-barrel French Creusot. Loire's single-barrel, 100-mm compact gun is primarily used for attacking targets at sea as well as for air defense, and can also be used for anti-missile and shore bombardment missions. The gun shell adopts stealth design, muzzle velocity of 870 m/s, body tube length of 5500 mm, rate of fire of 10~90 rounds/min, on the sea target, the maximum range of 17500 meters, the effective range of 12000 meters; on the air target of the maximum range of 8000 meters, the effective range of 6000 meters; the gun weighs 17,000 kg, has the advantages of compact structure, light weight, high rate of fire, short reaction time and so on. The probability of hitting the target in a single shot at a distance of 20,000 meters can reach 0.7 to 0.8. The gun is likely to be a localized product after the introduction of French patents, as early as the mid-1980s, China purchased two sets of the device from France, one of which was installed in the anti-submarine enhancement of the "Jianghu"-class corvettes No. 544 used on the ship. One of them was installed on the Jianghu-class frigate 544, an anti-submarine enhancement ship. The Chinese Navy was very satisfied with the performance of the gun and subsequently signed a contract with France for the introduction of a production line and technical support from the French side to continue to further improve the gun to equip newly designed large surface ships. As the 170 will be mainly used for future patrols in the South China Sea, in the face of weak Southeast Asian navies, with the gun in the shooting, reflecting the speed, hit the high accuracy, the power of the advantages can still be very good to fulfill its combat mission, after all, some of the time the role of artillery shells is still greater than the role of missiles.

Air defense missiles:

As a class of destroyer with air defense as its main focus, the 170 is equipped with China's first shipborne long-range air defense missiles, model "HHQ-9", developed from the land-based HQ-9A. The missile is wingless, with a minimum operational altitude of 0.5 kilometers, a maximum operational altitude of 30 kilometers, a minimum operational range of 6 kilometers, a maximum operational range of 120 kilometers, and a maximum flight speed of more than Mach 4.2. The missile has a length of 6.8 meters, a diameter of 0.47 meters, a weight of 1,300 kilograms, and a warhead of more than 180 kilograms. The missile is a vertical cold-launched, 6-unit, **** 48 HHQ-9A missiles. The launch tubes are similar to the revolver type used by the Russian Navy, but the SA-N-6's launch system uses a single launch port for eight missiles***, whereas China's Haihong-9 uses a separate launch port for each missile. In comparison, the Haihong-9 is more reliable and has a faster and safer launch rate. However, since the missile's minimum firing height is only 500 meters, it obviously can't meet the requirements of fleet air defense, so it needs the close cooperation of other ships when performing formation air defense.

Anti-ship missiles: Because the 170's design idea is to focus on anti-air defense and anti-submarine as a supplement, the ship's anti-ship combat capability is not as good as that of the Chinese navy's newly commissioned and improved destroyers in recent years (which are usually paired with 16 anti-ship missiles), but it is also fitted with eight C-803/Hawk-12 supersonic anti-ship missile launchers. The missile launchers have also been revolutionized into a cylindrical design, which is more conducive to stability, accuracy, and safeguarding issues during launch.The C-803 missile continues the aerodynamic layout of the C-802's hull, which appears to be even longer than the C-802's 6.4 meters, with a maximum range of about 250 kilometers, and retains the small turbojet engine structure of the C-802, with a slightly sharper and slimmer warhead fairing than its predecessor, and adopts a New solid rocket engine, terminal speed reached Mach 2.3, and can do difficult snake peeping maneuver; in addition, the front of the folding wings there is a receive data chain antenna, can accept ships, helicopters, and even satellite guidance, so as to carry out over-the-horizon attack. C-803 can be said to be a representative of modern anti-ship missiles, its outstanding performance will certainly be in the future maritime war/conflict. It will play a formidable role in future maritime wars/conflicts.

Proximity Defense System:

The 170's proximity defense system is a newly developed Chinese seven-barrel 30mm Vulcan rapid-fire gun, one below the bridge and one to the right of the hangar. The design of the guns is based to some extent on the Dutch "goalkeeper" defense system. The development of this system began in the early 1990s, in order to reduce costs and simplify logistics, and the same as the double 37 system, the use of the Russian AK-630 on the ready-made barrels, but the number has increased to 7 tubes, the speed of 5,800 rounds / min, its fast response time, good reliability, high hit accuracy, high power, the overall performance of the Navy is more than the current common use of the "Dense array", "gatekeeper" and other close-range defense systems, with a strong anti-missile capability. The servo system adopts arithmetic developer, the power amplification adopts digital pulse width modulation system, and for the first time applies the shot control technology of closed circuit, which can adjust the impact deviation, and the propulsion system is alternating current type. With the "gatekeeper" is different, the gun does not have a search radar, lack of tracking and scanning multi-target tracking capabilities, its 1/K-band Doppler tracking radar can be automatically switched to eliminate the mirror response, and ODF-730 point-of-light tracking instrument counter time should be less than 3 seconds, the measurement accuracy of 0.3 meters. And the use of a front and back arrangement also makes the two guns can be in critical moments of synergy to improve the probability of destruction.

Anti-submarine system:

The anti-submarine capability of the No. 170 is very complete, mainly equipped with a three-unit improved "Whitehead" anti-submarine torpedo system and a Ka-28 anti-submarine helicopter. "The Whitehead torpedo is a lightweight anti-submarine torpedo designed by China in the 1980s, modeled after the Italian A-244S Whitehead torpedo. It is a lightweight anti-submarine torpedo designed by China in the 1980s after the Italian A-244S White? The torpedo has a length of 2.75 meters, a caliber of 324 mm, a range of 15 kilometers, a speed of 35 knots, a maximum dive depth of 500 meters, and is powered by lead-acid batteries. The torpedo can be carried by surface ships or mounted by anti-submarine helicopters. In terms of anti-submarine sonar, it is equipped with ball nose head sonar and towed sonar. The sonar is arranged in a special way, instead of the previous positive-tailed towing method, the side-tailed arrangement is adopted. The winch rises from the left/right side of the tail when the sonar is in operation. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to set up/retrieve the sonar, the accuracy is poor, and it is greatly affected by the sea state when it is in operation. 170 adopts this kind of sonar deployment method, which seems to be a little bit tedious.

Automated Command System

Shipboard C3I system network, including the ship's command center within the LAN and command center interconnection between the network, the general use of **** enjoy the media, bus form of network topology, the bus using the rate from the low-speed 1Mbps to the low-speed standard 10Mbps bandwidth development. The Chinese Navy's new large and medium-sized surface ships are generally used to imitate the Italian IPN-10 combat system. The system with MHIDAS multiplexed advanced integrated distribution structure system. The bus system uses a modular structure, divided into the main line and branch line, the main line can be up to 50 meters, the two terminal equipment between the farthest up to 400 meters. The data transmission rate of the bus can reach 10Mbps/sec, and the number of users can reach up to 256, which can meet the requirements of medium and large ships for transmission distance, transmission rate and number of terminals. The 052C is also equipped with a new generation of ZKJ-5 combat intelligence command system developed by the China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation's Seventh Academy Seventy-ninth Institute, which is China's third-generation combat intelligence system, and compared with the second-generation, the overall performance has been greatly improved. The system has been upgraded to 100M Fast Ethernet (switched), and has made considerable improvements in real-time performance, network capacity, network analysis modeling, and reliability. The 152C is believed to be using the Navy's first automated command system (H/ZBJ-1) for maritime formations. The new command system uses a more powerful and faster data bus, a more advanced flagship data display hub, an Ethernet local network based on a fiber optic data bus and an open system interconnect structure. The system combines support for integrated communications, navigation, and enemy identification among battle group detachments, and is used to exchange joint tactical data links for effective command management and coordination of fleet ships and shore-based and air-based reconnaissance platforms. At present, the 704 Institute is also designing and researching the carrier fleet command system and a certain type of war zone blockade system for the Nanjing Military Region's military struggle against Taiwan.

Electronic equipment:

The electronic equipment on board the 170 is mainly a set of China's self-developed "brick" phased-array radar system, similar to the arrangement of the U.S. and Japan's Arleigh Burke-class and King Kong-class destroyers. Burke-class and King Kong-class destroyers, after the United States, Russia, the Netherlands and Japan, the fourth country to master the technology. The system consists of four radar transmitting surface into a quadrilateral mounted on the bridge in four directions, the radar search distance within 450-500 kilometers, the mode of operation for the active type, the shape of the box, through the front and rear of the left and right side of the four sides of the fixed installation up to the grille fixed. Band is active s-band, the angle of the array in the hull side cutting plane is about 80 degrees, the total weight is about 1.25~1.3 tons, and the load ratio factor is "3". The system consists of a charge system, a detection and tracking system, a fire control system, a missile launching system, and a combat readiness and testing system. The system is highly automated. When entering into combat, the operator first searches the whole airspace with the radar of "Slate", and after discovering the target, it automatically switches to the tracking state and autonomously carries out the identification of enemy and self and the threat assessment, and then transmits the resultant data to the weapon control system. Based on the data, the weapon control system automatically prepares an interception program and sends it to the HHQ-9A air defense missile. The missile generally flies according to the pre-set trajectory, and the weapon control system corrects the flight trajectory deviation of the missile with low data command through the "brick" radar, and when the missile flies to the end, it will search for the target to attack independently. Because the missile is used to destroy the fighter, so it has a very high hit rate. It can be believed that after the Chinese Navy has this system, the air defense capability of its naval fleet will be improved by leaps and bounds. Although 170 in the number of missiles is not as good as the U.S. and Japan's "Aegis" ship, but the 170 low price (1/2 of the King Kong class) makes the overall cost-effectiveness of the ship is much higher than other similar ships.

To supplement the phased-array radar's search blind spot, China also equipped the 170 with a Type 517 Yagi long-range early warning radar for air/sea, a modified 1950s-era Soviet radar that uses an old Yagi-style frame antenna, but the equipment has been upgraded. 517 radar has no stabilizing base, though it has been upgraded to a new one. Although the radar does not have a stabilizing base, which reduces its accuracy in high winds and waves, the effect is not significant for a long-range radar with a search range of up to 350km, and the broad beam used by the radar seems to be more effective in detecting hidden aircraft, so it is still used by the Chinese Navy today. The radar has a strong anti-jamming ability, can work in the extremely complex electronic environment, the search range is 180 kilometers, can detect stealthy targets. The radar is commonly used on Chinese naval vessels and can be considered as a specimen equipment of the Chinese Navy. On the top mast of the 170, it is also equipped with a white spherical radome; in terms of appearance, the radar is similar to the guidance radar of the French Aster 15/30 air defense missiles, which is used to control the Aster missiles for coordinated attacks, but the possibility of being a search radar for the sea is not ruled out.

The ship another eye-catching place is the "music station" anti-ship radar guidance spherical antenna surface, the radar is the Russian modern-class destroyer SS-N-22 anti-ship missiles standard standard equipment, working in the D / E / F-band, mainly equipped with the Russian Navy modern-class, Dreadnought-class and other large and medium-sized combat ships, mainly used for anti-ship missile mid-range radar. Used for anti-ship missile midway radar guidance, but also has the ability to search the air and sea, the antenna enclosure for a diameter of 3.2 meters, 4.5 meters high long sleeve shape, the top was round. The hood is equipped with a round parabolic reflector the radar, control distance within 120 kilometers. However, 170 is not equipped with Russian SS-N-22 missiles, so the device is also considered to be able to guide C-803 missiles, for one thing, it can be shown that the system's versatility is very good, and secondly, it can also be reduced to a certain extent the shipboard helicopters labor intensity, more conducive to the combat effectiveness of the play.

In addition, the 170 also has a 347G fire control radar, I-band (for anti-ship missiles and 100-millimeter guns), two EFR-1 "Valley Lights" (Rice Lamp) radar, a RM-1290 navigation radar, J-band, and a set of GDG-775 electro-optical commanders. .

Talking points, by the way, let's talk about our 052B anti-submarine destroyer!

Missile Destroyers 168 and 169

Like the 170, the 168 is part of China's naval modernization and is domestically code-named the 052B. The first ship was launched and outfitted in 2002 at the Jiangnan Shipyard, and began sea trials in 2003 and was commissioned in January 2004. There are currently two ships of this class, No. 168 (Guangzhou) and No. 169 (Wuhan). From the point of view of the ship's weapons and electronic equipment, No. 168 should be a multi-purpose destroyer, in the air defense, anti-ship, anti-submarine capabilities have a hand, the chief designer is still Pan Jingfu. The project was launched in 1997, the design was finalized in 1999, and was awarded the 1999 National Scientific and Technological Progress Award.

The ship is about 155 meters long, 20 meters wide, 6,800 tons empty, 7,500 tons fully loaded, the shape is very similar to the 170, both use the same hull, in addition to the bridge of the 168 compared to the 170 is more low-profile, but the other basically the same. In terms of stealth capability, No.168 also adopted the design method of fully enclosed, curved panels instead of flat panels, and inclined sidewalls to reduce radar reflection signals. The measures taken for infrared stealth and acoustic stealth are also similar to those of the 170. However, the 168 is covered with electronic and weapons equipment for various purposes, and the whole superstructure is obviously crowded, which largely affects the ship's stealth ability. Although the 168's gross tonnage is not as high as that of the air-defense version of the 170, its overall stealth capability is much less impressive, a result of the difference in design mission between the two.

Weapon system: On the 168 we can see a lot of weaponry from the 170. Its bow has two 12-barrel anti-torpedo depth charges for anti-submarine or anti-torpedo. Aft of the depth charges is armed with a single French 100mm main gun. And on the 02 deck behind it, it is equipped with 1 Russian-made single-arm anti-aircraft missile launcher. The ammunition is the SA-N-12 medium-range air defense missile, a product of the Russian Navy in the 1980s and an improved version of the sea-based SA-N-17. It is an all-weather multi-channel shipborne medium-range air defense missile weapon system, which can undertake the air defense combat mission of ships and formations, and the main targets to be intercepted are bombers, fighter-bombers, attack aircraft, helicopters and various types of anti-ship missiles. The whole system consists of three-coordinate air search radar, continuous wave irradiator, TV head, target distribution station, precision follow up display console, firing console, central computer, missiles, launchers, magazines and launch control equipment. The weapon system has two launchers, which are single-armed inclined racks located at the bow and stern of the ship respectively, used for loading and launching missiles. The launcher azimuth rotation range of ± 360 degrees, high and low angle range of 0 ~ 70 degrees, turn rate of 90 ~ 100 degrees / sec. The launcher can quickly and automatically load missiles, and the time to reload a bomb is 12 seconds. Missile range of 40 kilometers, flight speed of Mach 4, the use of radio command correction and the end of the radar semi-active seeker guidance, can intercept the speed of 0.9M, flight altitude of 10 meters of the missile target as well as the height of 3,000 meters, the distance of 40 kilometers of the aircraft target. The missile has four features: First, a breakthrough in the traditional search, tracking, irradiation are required to specialize in the radar mode of missile operations, the direct use of the MP-710 coordinate search radar target information, the cancellation of the tracking guidance radar, the formation of a new search, irradiation of the missile mode of operation. This simplifies the system structure and increases the number of fire channels for intercepting targets. Therefore, the system has a high operational efficiency ratio. Second, the missile adopts an arc-shaped ballistic trajectory to intercept ultra-low altitude targets, which can effectively eliminate the influence of sea stray waves and mirror multi-path effects on missile guidance, so the system has the ability to intercept sea-skimming anti-ship missiles. Thirdly, the system adopts modularized structure, has more flexible adaptability, the number of fire channels can be based on the situation of the ship, at least 2, up to 12, can be equipped with more than 1500t of various types of ships. Fourth, the system can receive the secondary target information given by the ship's accusation system or autonomously carry out combat, or independent combat. It can also charge anti-aircraft artillery to fight, constituting a combination of ammunition and artillery air defense system. It is said that in a target shooting in September 2001, the 9M38M1 missile launched by the modern class successfully shot down a C 801 target bomb flying at an altitude of 12 meters at a distance of 16 kilometers, which shows the excellent operational performance of the missile, but it is regrettable that the vertically-launched anti-aircraft defense system could not be seen on board the 168th. Sources say the Chinese Navy is developing three types of vertical launching systems, with near, medium and long range models. There are revolver-type, but also similar to the U.S. MK-41 type, and has already been tested and evaluated on the test 970, and is said to have achieved great success. The current revolver-type vertical launch system has been equipped on the 170, but why there is no information on the medium- and short-range air defense missiles developed at the same time as the HHQ-9A seems to be a bit confusing. But what is even more unbelievable is that there are only four 18-tube decoy launchers installed on the large space at the rear of the SA-N-12 missile launcher, which suggests that the Chinese Navy still has a plan to install a vertical launch system for the 168th, which is supposed to be similar to the U.S.A.'s MK-41 type, with a load capacity of 64 missiles.

Then comes the seven-barrel 30mm close-in defense system mounted at the center rear of the bridge, the performance of which has already been mentioned in this article. Compared with the 170, the 168 is arranged on both sides. Theoretically, the 168's close-in defense capability is not as good as the 170's because the ship can only defend against incoming missiles in a one-on-one approach, which is half the firepower compared to the 170's two-on-one, but this is also due to the difference in design thinking between the two. For one thing, the 170 was fitted with a vertical launching system, with the entire launcher buried deep inside the hull, and the structure, though massive, did not take up deck space. The No. 168, on the other hand, used a missile launching arm, which had to be exposed on the deck no matter what state it was in. Secondly, due to the 170 in the bridge installed a huge "brick" phased array radar system, so the bridge requires a very high design to protect the interface of the radar detection, and 168 as a multi-purpose destroyer without phased-array radar, there is no need to design the bridge is too high, because it will only produce some negative effects, not much sense in itself; the above; the above is not much sense; and the 168 uses a missile launching arm must be exposed on the deck regardless of the state. The above two points create a huge difference in the defense systems of the two ships. However, 168 has SA-N-12 anti-aircraft missiles, so its overall defense strength is no worse than 170 (the HHQ-9A missiles on 170 do not have the ability to intercept missiles)

In terms of anti-ship and anti-submarine capabilities, 168 has 8 more C-803/Hawk-12 missiles than 170, which has more firepower and better combat capabilities.

Electronic equipment: The 168 has a wide range of electronic equipment, but it is basically the same as that on the 170, such as the "music station" guided radar, the "Yagi antenna", satellite communications systems, etc. Only the search radar and the anti-aircraft guided radar have been installed. Only the search radar and anti-aircraft guidance radar used is the Russian "top plate" three-coordinate air/sea search radar and four MR-90 "front cover" (Orekh/Front Dome) fire control radar, F-band, for the control of SA-N-12 anti-aircraft missiles. The "Top Plate" radar is also the mainstay of the Russian Navy today, commonly equipped on all types of frigates, with very advanced performance. Its work in the E / H band, slit antenna installed back-to-back tilt, scanning rate than single-sided radar doubled. The radar in addition to the ability to detect air and sea targets, there are air control and low altitude blindness function. Its main features are strong resistance to electronic interference, high degree of automation, and good cost performance.168 is equipped with the latest MAE- 5. Based on the original model, the MAE-5's transmitter power has been doubled to 90kW, and the maximum effective range is still 300km, but the detection ranges of fighters and missiles have been increased by 20% to 230km and 50km, respectively.168 uses the same command and control equipment as 170. The 168 uses the same command-and-control equipment as the 170, and other aspects such as the RM-1290 navigation radar and the 347G fire-control radar are the same as the 170.

With these new-generation large surface combatants, China's navy will see its overall combat capability improve by leaps and bounds, marking a new step in China's surface shipbuilding technology, which has reached a world-leading level. With the passage of time, it is estimated that by 2010, China will replace Japan to become the first in Asia and the second in the world of ocean-going offensive navy, to maintain the territorial integrity of the motherland as well as the world peace to make its due contribution.

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