A preliminary study on funeral customs in Hengyang, Hunan Province

During and before the Republic of China, the funeral etiquette in Hengyang was extremely complicated, and its procedures were roughly as follows:

When the corpse was moved to report the patient's death, the children and grandchildren stayed in bed. When the patient's heart stopped beating, the descendants "died", burned "old paper", removed the bedding draft paper, covered their faces with white paper, and their relatives woke up in turn, and sent people to report their funeral to their relatives and friends. A literate family will write an "obituary" and post it outside to let the neighbors know.

Please ask the descendants of the deceased, Pima Dai Xiao, the eldest son or grandson to put on red underwear for the deceased, carry a bowl (pot) with children and others to a nearby river or stream, scoop back a bowl of water, and then put sandalwood into the room to boil and wipe the body. If you want water to scoop water, ring the gong. How old is the victim? When he was one year old, his life was short and long. Just listen to the gong.

After entering the coffin to clean and wipe the body, the deceased will put on clothes and shoes, wrap up with a quilt (commonly known as the corpse quilt), and then move to the corpse hall, where four people will carry it into the coffin. Slaked lime or gypsum powder, coal, sugar, salt, etc. Are put in coffins, depending on the rich and the poor who have lost their homes. Although the coffin was not tightly covered, it left a gap for fear that the dead would not suffocate after resurrection. 1 ~ 2 days later, nail it in time and seal it tightly.

Paper seal is also called "mourning" and "sealing". Relatives of the whole family were present to bid farewell to the body and pay their respects. Then wipe the face of the deceased, also known as "opening the light." Finally, nail the coffin lid firmly, coat the gaps around the coffin lid with tung oil lime slurry, and paste white paper on the outside, which is called "paper sealing".

Stop mourning for nave, plant a spirit tablet in front of the coffin, light an oil lamp, offer sacrifices in the morning and evening, and the dutiful son wakes up. The rest depends on the financial resources of bereaved families and the hot and cold weather. Generally speaking, there are only seven or nine days before the funeral. During the burial, please ask monks and Taoists to "clear the way" or do "Dojo". Pay homage to the coffin, sing songs, worship the five parties, cross the Yellow River in Jiuzhou, and turn over for the deceased, so as to alleviate the sins of the deceased before his death and avoid the punishment of the deceased. Burning paper money, Jinshan Yinshan and paper house figures, horses and chariots, servants, etc. During this period, Qi's friends sent elegiac couplets, poems, axes, dishes, gold, incense sticks and firecrackers to worship the spirit, which was called "mourning". The dutiful son knelt by Fuling to thank the mourners.

Hair loss is commonly known as "going out" and "funeral". The night before, Li Sheng and the band (also known as the Eight Immortals) were invited to hold a wine banquet to hold a commemorative ceremony. Children and grandchildren eulogize the merits of the deceased before his death. Please read the eulogy three times, and later generations will bow down three times, which is called "family sacrifice". Relatives and friends send banquets or pigs, sheep, cloth and silks as a memorial ceremony. The memorial ceremony is read 1 time, which is called guest sacrifice. After the sacrifice, some of them also performed the ceremony of "persuading" and "commanding the Lord".

Before the funeral and burial breakfast, get off the bus (that is, move the Lingshu from the mourning hall to Zhong Ping), and then hold a banquet for the mourner, which is called "wine (rice)". During the dinner, the dutiful son kowtowed and gave each participant a piece of white cloth, which was called "white". Those who have lost their lives are those who have lived the longest, and each hanger gives a rice bowl called "longevity bowl". After the banquet, the coffin rose again, with the blue umbrella flag as the leader, the dutiful son holding the spirit tablet, the spiritual pivot followed, and the descendants followed, followed by ordinary relatives and friends, and the drummer behind the house. Gong, spear and firecrackers. When you pivot to a flat place, you can also "shift" (lift the pivot several times on the spot). When you transfer to the bridge, the dutiful son must meet you on his knees. Generally, there are 16 people carrying the fulcrum, and as many as 32 officials, gentry and rich families. Before burial, the "immortal" took care of the land, selected the place, direction and hour, killed chickens and scattered Gu Mi at the pivot point, burned the title deed, lowered the pivot, and then rammed the pile with lime mixed with loess.

Some still offer sacrifices to the gods on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month after burial, and prepare wine and meals to pay homage to the dead. After the seventh "seven days" (49 days), the spirit can be removed.

Respondent: SSR 2 13- Chief Operating Officer 13 1-4 13: 13.

When the corpse was moved to report the patient's death, the children and grandchildren stayed in bed. When the patient's heart stopped beating, the descendants "died", burned "old paper", removed the bedding draft paper, covered their faces with white paper, and their relatives woke up in turn, and sent people to report their funeral to their relatives and friends. A literate family will write an "obituary" and post it outside to let the neighbors know.

Please ask the descendants of the deceased, Pima Dai Xiao, the eldest son or grandson to put on red underwear for the deceased, carry a bowl (pot) with children and others to a nearby river or stream, scoop back a bowl of water, and then put sandalwood into the room to boil and wipe the body. If you want water to scoop water, ring the gong. How old is the victim? When he was one year old, his life was short and long. Just listen to the gong.

After entering the coffin to clean and wipe the body, the deceased will put on clothes and shoes, wrap up with a quilt (commonly known as the corpse quilt), and then move to the corpse hall, where four people will carry it into the coffin. Slaked lime or gypsum powder, coal, sugar, salt, etc. Are put in coffins, depending on the rich and the poor who have lost their homes. Although the coffin was not tightly covered, it left a gap for fear that the dead would not suffocate after resurrection. 1 ~ 2 days later, nail it in time and seal it tightly.

Paper seal is also called "mourning" and "sealing". Relatives of the whole family were present to bid farewell to the body and pay their respects. Then wipe the face of the deceased, also known as "opening the light." Finally, nail the coffin lid firmly, coat the gaps around the coffin lid with tung oil lime slurry, and paste white paper on the outside, which is called "paper sealing".

Stop mourning for nave, plant a spirit tablet in front of the coffin, light an oil lamp, offer sacrifices in the morning and evening, and the dutiful son wakes up. The rest depends on the financial resources of bereaved families and the hot and cold weather. Generally speaking, there are only seven or nine days before the funeral. During the burial, please ask monks and Taoists to "clear the way" or do "Dojo". Pay homage to the coffin, sing songs, worship the five parties, cross the Yellow River in Jiuzhou, and turn over for the deceased, so as to alleviate the sins of the deceased before his death and avoid the punishment of the deceased. Burning paper money, Jinshan Yinshan and paper house figures, horses and chariots, servants, etc. During this period, Qi's friends sent elegiac couplets, poems, axes, dishes, gold, incense sticks and firecrackers to worship the spirit, which was called "mourning". The dutiful son knelt by Fuling to thank the mourners.

Hair loss is commonly known as "going out" and "funeral". The night before, Li Sheng and the band (also known as the Eight Immortals) were invited to hold a wine banquet to hold a commemorative ceremony. Children and grandchildren eulogize the merits of the deceased before his death. Please read the eulogy three times, and later generations will bow down three times, which is called "family sacrifice". Relatives and friends send banquets or pigs, sheep, cloth and silks as a memorial ceremony. The memorial ceremony is read 1 time, which is called guest sacrifice. After the sacrifice, some of them also performed the ceremony of "persuading" and "commanding the Lord".

Before the funeral and burial breakfast, get off the bus (that is, move the Lingshu from the mourning hall to Zhong Ping), and then hold a banquet for the mourner, which is called "wine (rice)". During the dinner, the dutiful son kowtowed and gave each participant a piece of white cloth, which was called "white". Those who have lost their lives are those who have lived the longest, and each hanger gives a rice bowl called "longevity bowl". After the banquet, the coffin rose again, with the blue umbrella flag as the leader, the dutiful son holding the spirit tablet, the spiritual pivot followed, and the descendants followed, followed by ordinary relatives and friends, and the drummer behind the house. Gong, spear and firecrackers. When you pivot to a flat place, you can also "shift" (lift the pivot several times on the spot). When you transfer to the bridge, the dutiful son must meet you on his knees. Generally, there are 16 people carrying the fulcrum, and as many as 32 officials, gentry and rich families. Before burial, the "immortal" took care of the land, selected the place, direction and hour, killed chickens and scattered Gu Mi at the pivot point, burned the title deed, lowered the pivot, and then rammed the pile with lime mixed with loess.

Respondent: Ben Jia-Tong Jinshi, born in grade 61-4 at 20: 07.

Regarding the funeral customs in Hengyang, some places in a city are different. Some friends upstairs said something inconsistent, so I won't repeat it.

Let me briefly say that I hope I can help you together:

As we all know, old people will get a grand funeral when they die. The mourning period is usually 3~30 days. Because one of my relatives lived for 24 days before. First of all, I have to ask a Taoist to calculate this date. This is the best day to walk out of the museum. During the funeral, reeds kept ringing and mourned the dead day and night. Sacrifice sacrifices to kill animals and value cows. At the funeral, it is very important to ask the ghost master (Taoist) to cross over the dead, let the Miao people "clear the way", recite the towel burning song or road guide, and guide them back to their ancestors' place. People in some areas believe that people have three souls. After death, a soul returns to the ancestral home along the route of ancestral migration and reunites with their ancestors. One is guarding the cemetery, and the other is accompanying children and grandchildren and blessing them in the dark.

Most of them are mainly buried, and now there are generally two kinds of wooden coffins and sarcophagus. The former is more commonly used. The sarcophagus was buried in parts of southern Guizhou. In many places, there are public cemeteries with clans as units. In some places, there is a custom of burying things horizontally to show that the souls of the dead are led back to their ancestral home-the East. Sudden death, sudden death, dystocia death, hanging, etc. It is considered unlucky to hold a very simple funeral, cremation or secondary burial, and cannot be buried in a collective cemetery.

There are several points about taboos:

First, before you go to the mourning hall, you must take off your brightly colored clothes and put on some simple clothes, such as new black and white clothes.

Second, unlucky people had better not go to the funeral.

Never say "thank you" when you receive "Ji Yi" and "Silk Gold". The silk money sent to the family of the deceased must be increased by one yuan. For example, if it is 1000 yuan, we will become 100 1 yuan. There are two reasons: (1) There is only one funeral, and no one likes to do it again; (2) When the bereaved person received an integer amount of silk money, such as 1000 yuan, when he returned 1 yuan to Jiyi, he actually received 999 yuan. Nobody wants to stay in vain for long.

5. Before the coffin, there should be a ceremony to dare to lift the body. Unlucky people, or people who have rushed to the "yellow list" of the mourning hall to have their own zodiac signs, should not be afraid to look back at their bodies. When closing the coffin, the host will shout: "Dear friends and relatives, please turn around and avoid." At this time, don't look at the dead again, just let the dead go in peace.

6. Don't say goodbye when you say goodbye. Nobody wants to see you here again. If you lose a family member, you should say "intentionally" and a friend should answer "I'm sorry for your loss".

When you leave the mourning hall, you should go to some popular places as soon as possible.

Eight, go home and enter the door, to "fry the plate", so that other naughty ghosts will not follow. Used shoes should not be taken to the bedroom.

Nine, you can't eat beef on the mourning day, because there are many "cow's head and horse's face" in the mourning hall.

Finally, don't say thank you and thank you, just say it with your heart.

Many people have scruples about funerals. If the deceased are not relatives or close friends, they will not attend unless necessary. For the families of the deceased, they will be very grateful to those who have come to express their sincere condolences. However, never say "thank you" to them (you can use "care" instead), and don't see them off when you leave. Because it is not a good thing to hold a funeral, it is unlucky to say "thank you", and none of the people sent away by the funeral home are alive, so farewell is tantamount to a curse. When the guests are leaving, say goodbye politely and let them go by themselves.

It's best not to eat beef at the funeral, because it will offend ghosts.

Except in some cases to show respect for the dead, all people attending the funeral should fast and bathe on that day? From the point of view, it is also believed that vegetarianism helps to alleviate the sin and pain of the deceased. If you really want meat, don't eat beef. Because ghosts in the underworld are all cows' heads and horses' faces, eating beef is equivalent to eating one's own kind, which may irritate them. Always give them some face, so as not to make it difficult for the dead.

Respondents: guojianhua 13 14- manager level 41-91:12.

Upstairs knowingly commit a crime ... in fact, if you want to have your own unique investigation and research, you may wish to feel it yourself. Why don't you give it to me?

Respondents: Melancholy mixed-race-give people a rating of 5 1- 14 2 1:56.

As far as I know, in the basic form, the elderly are mainly buried in the ground, but the proportion of cremation has increased a lot in recent years. If it is a burial, family members need to find their own way to find a car to find someone to find a relationship with, and quietly send them out of the city to the countryside for burial in the early morning, because there are inspections on the road, after all, they are provincial roads and national roads. But regardless of burial or cremation, most people will have a beautiful funeral, which lasts for 3, 5, 7 days, up to 5 days. On the first day, I played in the mourning hall, and on the second or third day, I received sacrifices from my relatives and friends before my death. On the fourth night, it began to be noisy all night, usually a pop concert with professional band hosts and singers, about three or five people. On the fifth night, the night continued. This is a traditional flower drum play. The filial sons and grandchildren in the middle should cry in that tone several times, and the louder the cry, the better. Then an early morning funeral. There are many taboos, but they are all established taboos. You can't wear red, you can't have a red wedding at the same time, the mourning hall can't face the courtyard gate, and future generations can't refuse others' worship. Children who die young cannot build a mourning hall because they are not adults. According to the traditional custom in China, people who die young will not enter ancestral graves, genealogies and mourning halls. This is to let the child walk safely, raise the child as early as possible, and will not lose his happiness because of the landscape burial. To put it bluntly, children can't stand it.

That's about it. This kind of social investigation focuses on daily life observation and communication with familiar elders. Otherwise, it would be a bit strange for a middle school student to ask questions in a funeral institution. It is normal to be rejected.

Respondents: Chen chen and Jun-rank11-kloc-0/801:13.

Hengyang funeral etiquette is extremely complicated, and its procedures are roughly as follows:

When the corpse was moved to report the patient's death, the children and grandchildren stayed in bed. When the patient's heart stopped beating, the descendants "died", burned "old paper", removed the bedding draft paper, covered their faces with white paper, and their relatives woke up in turn, and sent people to report their funeral to their relatives and friends. A literate family will write an "obituary" and post it outside to let the neighbors know.

Please ask the descendants of the deceased, Pima Dai Xiao, the eldest son or grandson to put on red underwear for the deceased, carry a bowl (pot) with children and others to a nearby river or stream, scoop back a bowl of water, and then put sandalwood into the room to boil and wipe the body. If you want water to scoop water, ring the gong. How old is the victim? When he was one year old, his life was short and long. Just listen to the gong.

After entering the coffin to clean and wipe the body, the deceased will put on clothes and shoes, wrap up with a quilt (commonly known as the corpse quilt), and then move to the corpse hall, where four people will carry it into the coffin. Slaked lime or gypsum powder, coal, sugar, salt, etc. Are put in coffins, depending on the rich and the poor who have lost their homes. Although the coffin was not tightly covered, it left a gap for fear that the dead would not suffocate after resurrection. 1 ~ 2 days later, nail it in time and seal it tightly.

Paper seal is also called "mourning" and "sealing". Relatives of the whole family were present to bid farewell to the body and pay their respects. Then wipe the face of the deceased, also known as "opening the light." Finally, nail the coffin lid firmly, coat the gaps around the coffin lid with tung oil lime slurry, and paste white paper on the outside, which is called "paper sealing".

Stop mourning for nave, plant a spirit tablet in front of the coffin, light an oil lamp, offer sacrifices in the morning and evening, and the dutiful son wakes up. The rest depends on the financial resources of bereaved families and the hot and cold weather. Generally speaking, there are only seven or nine days before the funeral. During the burial, please ask monks and Taoists to "clear the way" or do "Dojo". Pay homage to the coffin, sing songs, worship the five parties, cross the Yellow River in Jiuzhou, and turn over for the deceased, so as to alleviate the sins of the deceased before his death and avoid the punishment of the deceased. Burning paper money, Jinshan Yinshan and paper house figures, horses and chariots, servants, etc. During this period, Qi's friends sent elegiac couplets, poems, axes, dishes, gold, incense sticks and firecrackers to worship the spirit, which was called "mourning". The dutiful son knelt by Fuling to thank the mourners.

Hair loss is commonly known as "going out" and "funeral". The night before, Li Sheng and the band (also known as the Eight Immortals) were invited to hold a wine banquet to hold a commemorative ceremony. Children and grandchildren eulogize the merits of the deceased before his death. Please read the eulogy three times, and later generations will bow down three times, which is called "family sacrifice". Relatives and friends send banquets or pigs, sheep, cloth and silks as a memorial ceremony. The memorial ceremony is read 1 time, which is called guest sacrifice. After the sacrifice, some of them also performed the ceremony of "persuading" and "commanding the Lord".

Before the funeral and burial breakfast, get off the bus (that is, move the Lingshu from the mourning hall to Zhong Ping), and then hold a banquet for the mourner, which is called "wine (rice)". During the dinner, the dutiful son kowtowed and gave each participant a piece of white cloth, which was called "white". Those who have lost their lives are those who have lived the longest, and each hanger gives a rice bowl called "longevity bowl". After the banquet, the coffin rose again, with the blue umbrella flag as the leader, the dutiful son holding the spirit tablet, the spiritual pivot followed, and the descendants followed, followed by ordinary relatives and friends, and the drummer behind the house. Gong, spear and firecrackers. When you pivot to a flat place, you can also "shift" (lift the pivot several times on the spot). When you transfer to the bridge, the dutiful son must meet you on his knees. Generally, there are 16 people carrying the fulcrum, and as many as 32 officials, gentry and rich families. Before burial, the "immortal" took care of the land, selected the place, direction and hour, killed chickens and scattered Gu Mi at the pivot point, burned the title deed, lowered the pivot, and then rammed the pile with lime mixed with loess.

Some still offer sacrifices to the gods on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month after burial, and prepare wine and meals to pay homage to the dead. After the seventh "seven days" (49 days), the spirit can be removed.