A little knowledge of guzheng

1. What should beginners practice first?

The method is simple. Except the little finger, the other four fingers play with the thumb respectively. You can practice with both hands at the same time. You don't need melody. What matters is strength and flexibility! Each finger starts from the string closest to the thumb, and slowly goes down, generally reaching 8 degrees, and then goes up. The practice of ring finger is the most difficult, and you will feel awkward at first, especially when you play the string closest to your thumb (Sun Red on Jinggangshan has many fingerings, such as "6 16 1 2323"). Usually there are not many melodies played with ring fingers in traditional music. Can strengthen the ring finger and thumb playing! When practicing, you should fully feel the strength of the first knuckle, not the whole finger. When one finger is playing, the whole palm and other fingers are in a state of relaxation. Don't tilt your other fingers, or your whole palm will be very nervous and tired! Practice 10 minutes every day, and you will get something! After practicing, I found that the explosive force, flexibility and relaxation of my fingers have been greatly improved! You can try it if you are interested. Etudes: 1 Right hand:11511516636 6636 5525. . Left hand down in turn: (same as right hand) 2. Right hand:1151516636 6636 5525 5525. . Go down in turn ... Left hand:1351623651253613. . Go down in turn. 3. Right hand:11515616363566 55252355 331233. . From the left, it is11511616636 6636 5525. . Go down in turn. This is a bit difficult, you have to work hard to learn. ) play with your left hand first; 135 1 right hand play: 35 1 left hand play: 2562 right hand play: 562 left hand play: 36 13 right hand play: 6 13. . Go down in turn-I wish you success! Give you a website, go in and have a look, and practice slowly: /v? word = % B3 % F5 % BC % B6 % B9 % C5 % F3 % DD & amp； ct=30 1989888。 rn=20。 pn = 0 & ampdb = 0 & amps = 0 & ampfbl= 1024)

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2. Basic knowledge of guzheng.

The basic knowledge of guzheng entry is:

1. The choice of guzheng. When buying guzheng, we should try to choose some well-known manufacturers with after-sales service, so that the quality and service of our guzheng can be guaranteed.

2. The structure of guzheng. The basic structure of the guzheng: the head, the front Yueshan, the code, the panel, the strings, the back Yueshan, the hole and the tail.

3. Placement of guzheng. Piano stands can be roughly divided into two types, one is a conjoined stand and the other is a split stand. Pay attention to the height difference when placing the tripod, with the high one in the front Yueshan position and the low one in the back Yueshan position.

4. Selection and wearing of armor. Choose tortoise shell armor. It doesn't matter if both sides of fake nails are flat; If one side is curved, the concave surface should be attached to the fingertip. The adhesive tape should be wrapped around the middle of the first joint of the finger, close to the abdomen of the finger, to avoid the adhesive tape sticking to the active part of the first joint and affecting the flexibility of the finger. Wrap the tape around your fingers 2-3 times.

5. The sitting posture of the guzheng. Choose a stool with a suitable height, and ask the performer to sit on the stool with his waist parallel to the Zheng surface, his body upright and his back straight; Players should sit in front of the stool 1/2, and don't fill the whole stool. The first piano code (foot code) facing the guzheng right in front of the body; The distance from the body to the guzheng is about 1 to 2 punches, and the feet can be staggered back and forth.

6. Distinguish the strings. The commonly used guzheng * * * has 2 1 string, and beginners usually learn it in D key. The string order is arranged circularly according to the traditional silent mode scale "Guan, Shang, Jiao, Hui and Yu" in China, which corresponds to "1 2 3 5 6" in notation.

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Guzheng, also known as Han Zheng, Qin Zheng, Yao Zheng and Luan Zheng, is a traditional national musical instrument in China, belonging to plucked instruments. It is one of the important national musical instruments unique to China. It has beautiful timbre, wide range, rich playing skills and strong expressive force, so it is deeply loved by the broad masses of the people.

3. Seek the introduction knowledge of guzheng.

In folk music, guzheng is relatively easy to use.

If you don't want to learn from the teacher, I suggest you buy some books or find some teaching videos online. I think no matter what you study, you should have a solid foundation. Here are some basic knowledge, I hope it will help you.

Zheng is a plucked instrument with many strings and columns. Its shape is similar to a long box, with a slight protrusion in the middle and a flat or nearly flat bottom plate.

Zheng's head has slowly fallen. Put a zither string on the panel of the wooden box.

There is a code under each string that can be moved left and right to adjust the pitch and sound quality. There are different kinds and structures of Zheng. The following is the structure of 2 1 string zither.

The piano is mainly composed of a panel, a bottom plate, a side plate, a piano head, a piano tail, a moon hill, a piano code, a piano nail, a sound hole and strings. The quality of Zheng depends on the quality of materials and the manufacturing technology of each part.

The * * * singing body of the Zheng consists of a panel, a bottom plate and two sides of the Zheng. * * * There is an arched sound bridge in the singing body, which not only needs the singing effect, but also plays an auxiliary role.

The quality and structure of the singing subject have great influence on the sound of the Zheng. The "panel" is made of dry pine that has been placed for many years.

Some people try to make it with white pine. The face plate of Mongolian guzheng is made of poplar.

The "floor" is made of sycamore or other hardwood. The protagonist "Zheng Bian", also called Bian Ban, is Zheng Bian Gang.

A Zheng has two sides. One side close to the body is called the inside, and the other side is called the outside. The side of the Zheng is usually made of wood, but it is also made of ash, mahogany or other miscellaneous wood.

And trial production of maple trees. The "piano head" is made of wood, rosewood or other solid wood.

The function of the piano head is to fix the strings, which are fixed by the string holes (some piano heads are used to fix nails). There is a sound hole on the side of the Zheng head, and there is a sound window on the sound hole for sound output.

Because the head of the Zheng is connected with the singing style of * * *, the scope of * * * is expanded (there are also some Zheng whose head is not connected with the singing style of * * *). "Zheng tail" is mainly used to install piano nails.

Here, it also plays a symmetrical and balanced role with the Zheng head. "Yueshan" is also called wooden beam or mountain pass.

Made of wood or other wood. There are two Yueshan mountains on the Zheng: one is called Qianyue Mountain, which is located at the joint of the Zheng board and the Zheng head; One is at the junction of Zheng's face and tail, which is the so-called Houyue Mountain.

The back and forth arcs of the Moon Mountain and the panel naturally bend into an arc, which basically forms a 90-degree angle with the panel. Houyueshan is also S-shaped (shortening the chord length of the high school tone code).

Moon Mountain plays the role of string bearing and also plays the role of transmitting sound. The ratio of Yueshan Mountain to code height is related to intonation, timbre and mode setting. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a proper proportion to make the pronunciation of Zheng produce good results.

A bone or copper wire is embedded in the upper end of Qianyue Mountain to make the pronunciation pleasant. The code name is also called column, or goose column.

It is the vibration transmission pillar of the zither string and panel. Generally made of wood, it is also made of mahogany, ox bone, plastic and ivory, and the effect of wood is better.

There is also a small bone block embedded in the mast wood, and the bone block is engraved with grooves to stabilize the strings. Each code supports a string, and * * * has 2 1 codes.

When playing, the vibration of the strings is transmitted from the code to the panel, and then the music effect is produced by singing. The code can be moved left and right to adjust the pitch.

The code sometimes moves back and forth slightly to adjust the sound quality appropriately. "Qin nail" is also called fine print.

It is used to wind the strings, adjust the tightness of the strings and control the pitch. Piano needles can also be replaced by piano needles, or hard wood can be used to wrap the strings.

The "sound hole" Zheng has three sound holes (there are also two sound holes), one on the head side and two on the bottom plate (one in the middle of the bottom plate and one near the tail of the Zheng). The position, shape and size of the sounder are related to timbre and volume.

"Strings" currently commonly used Zheng * * * has 21 strings, the first string close to the player is the lowest sound of the Zheng, and the third sound rising from the sound on the 21 strings is the highest sound of the Zheng. In the use of strings, according to different needs, a variety of strings such as copper wire strings, metal strings or nylon strings are properly configured.

Due to different purposes, styles and habits, the configuration methods are also different. There are mainly steel wire strings, properly matched with metal strings or nylon strings; There are also nylon ropes, and the steel ropes are properly configured; There are also all nylon ropes or silk ropes.

The timbre of steel wire string is bright, and the timbre of winding string is rich. Note: In string-making specialty, steel wire strings are called bare strings (bare strings are opposite to wrapped strings), and strings with skin are called wrapped strings.

Generally, steel wire string is used as the core of winding. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, guzheng has gradually spread from the northwest to all parts of the country, and has been integrated with local operas, rap and folk music, forming various schools with strong local styles.

There are six schools of guzheng, namely, Henan Zheng, Shandong Zheng, Chaozhou Zheng, Hakka Zheng, Zhejiang Zheng and Inner Mongolia Zheng, and their music and playing methods are different. Henan Zheng: It was introduced into Henan and developed with the local folk music "The Voice of Zheng Wei", which became a famous Zhongzhou ancient song in later generations.

Fu Xuan's evaluation of Henan Zheng music in Fu Zhengxu is that "the music is too high and too few, and the technology is difficult to work", which is characterized by impassioned heart. Shandong Zheng: It is directly related to Shandong and folk music.

The tunes are mostly Gongdiao, which consists of eight boards. Its playing style is simple and quaint.

Chaozhou Zheng: Popular in Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, it has a special musical structure and unique rotating style. It is exquisite, exquisite and unique with its smooth and gorgeous right hand and unique left hand sliding.

The main tunes are heavy six, light six, lively five and anti-line. Among them, the tune of Liu Chong is euphemistic; The tune of Light Six is fresh and lively; The tune of "Living Five" is touching and sad, with distinctive rhythm.

Hakka Zheng: that is, the Zheng music of Guangdong Han music, which is one of the excellent traditional music in Guangdong. Guangdong Han music has a long history.

According to legend, it was a long historical period from the ninth year of Jin 'an (AD 405) to the demise of the Song Dynasty, which was popular in places where Hakka people lived in compact communities, such as eastern Guangdong, including Meixian, Huiyang and Shaoguan counties, as well as parts of Jiangxi, Fujian and Taiwan Province provinces and places where overseas Chinese lived in compact communities. The guzheng performance of Guangdong Hanle has a long history, and its foundation is the old score (that is, Chinese tune).

4. Guzheng skills

I am a guzheng teacher. From my point of view, I suggest you find a similar teacher to study in the initial stage and get started through the correct guidance of the teacher. Because everything is difficult at the beginning, if you make a good start, you will not make mistakes in the future, and you can better appreciate the beauty of guzheng music.

Although you can see the content of teaching from CD-ROM or online, it depends on the teacher whether you learn correctly or not. Without the teacher's manual correction, you don't know even if you play it wrong, which will be unfavorable for you to learn guzheng better.

If you can't afford a good teacher, you can hire an ordinary teacher. Since I can be a teacher, I should still be able to teach the basic things correctly.

5. Knowledge about Guzheng

Guzheng is an ancient national musical instrument, which prevailed in the Qin Dynasty during the Warring States Period. The materials quoted in Biography of Lisi Zhuke in Sima Qian's Historical Records are worthy of our attention. A passage about the music and dance of Qin State in Li Si's "The Book of Departing Guests" says: "The husband hits the urn, knocks it, plays it, fights it, and the song is screaming. So is the real Qin Zhisheng. Between Zheng Weisang, Yu Shao and Wu Xiang, they are also happy in a foreign country. Today, I won't knock on the urn. I will get sick and defend myself. I will take back my piano and take good care of it. What if it is? I am very satisfied with the present, but I am just very comfortable. "

There are two opinions about the naming of Zheng, one is that the harp is split, and the other is that it is named after the clank of pronunciation. "Ji Yun" holds the saying of "Qin fen": "Qin customs are thin and evil, and father and son have their own opponents, and everyone is half, which was called at that time." Of course, in addition to the argument that father and son are fighting, there are also arguments that brothers are fighting and sisters are fighting. These similar legends just show that these statements are unreliable. In addition, as far as common sense is concerned, if an instrument is divided into two, it becomes a broken instrument. How can it be regarded as a guzheng? I'm afraid it's much harder to repair a broken piano in two. Another way of saying it is named after the nature of its pronunciation. Liu Xi's Ming Shi holds the view that the piano sounds high and natural. It is said that the zither is pronounced "Zheng Zhengran" because of its "high chord". This timbre is obviously made for the soothing timbre of the zither, which connects the zither with the zither. Indeed, our national musical instruments can be named after their origins (such as the Huqin), development methods (such as the Pipa) and even timbre (such as the Bawu). The Zheng here is named after its timbre is pronounced "Zheng Zhengran". As can be seen from the following article, at first, guzheng and guzheng were not close, which lost the significance of comparing the timbre of guzheng and guzheng, which made it difficult for people to believe it completely.

The naming of the Zheng mentioned above also involves the origin of the Zheng. Since the theory of "dividing musical instruments into pianos" is not credible, then the piano in trouble is not made of broken musical instruments. So, how did the Zheng come into being?

Han. Ying Shao's "Customs Pass" contains the article: Zheng, "I sincerely press" Rites and Music ",five strings, and build a whole. Nowadays, the Zheng in Binhe and Liangzhou looks like a harp. I don't know who changed it. It was made by Meng Tian. "

According to Ying Shao's "Custom Pass", the Zheng system before the Han Dynasty should be "five strings, with a built body", but at that time, "the Zheng in Longzhou and Liangzhou was shaped like a harp". I don't know who made it in Ying Shao, and also recorded the rumor that it was made in Meng Tian. It can be seen that the harp-shaped Zheng has spread in the northwest of the Han Dynasty.

Du You of the Tang Dynasty said in the Four Music Classics: "The sound of the piano is also the sound of the piano. Fu Xuan's Fu Zhengxu said, "This was made by Montaigne". Today, it looks like the sky on the top, flat on the bottom, hollow and quasi-six-in-one, and the string column is planned for December. If it is set, it will have four images and the drum will have five sounds. It is a tool of kindness and wisdom. How could Meng Tian, the minister of national subjugation, think of it? There is also a note saying: "Today, I am happy to have ten strings, and I hope that there will be three strings in ten. To roll the A Zheng, wet the end with bamboo pieces and roll it up. The bone claws for playing Zheng are more than an inch long and can replace fingers. "

The information I am looking for is that guzheng flourished in the Qin Dynasty, but its origin is still a mystery.