Lawn maintenance management document

With the vigorous development of lawn industry in China, the lawn area has been continuously expanded, but at the same time, it has brought more serious problems to the already lagging lawn management. Therefore, it is very necessary to improve the level of maintenance management and establish a relatively systematic maintenance management system. I hope you like the lawn maintenance management paper I compiled for you.

Lawn maintenance management paper 1

Maintenance and management of lawn

Five important aspects of lawn maintenance management were expounded, including irrigation and watering, pruning, fertilization, weed control and pest control, so as to provide references for lawn maintenance management.

Lawn; Maintenance; operate

In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, people's awareness of environmental protection has been continuously enhanced, and the lawn industry in China has developed vigorously, which has expanded the lawn area, but it has also brought more serious problems to the already lagging lawn management. Therefore, it is very necessary to improve the level of maintenance management and establish a relatively systematic maintenance management system.

Maintenance management mainly includes five important parts, namely watering, pruning, fertilization, weeding and pest control. Now the author introduces the maintenance and management of lawn in combination with practical work.

1 Irrigation and watering

The artificial lawn is growing well and needs normal maintenance and watering. The lawn should be watered with sprinkler irrigation system. For newly-built lawns, a small amount of watering methods should be adopted. Try to avoid watering when the sun is exposed at noon, and try to arrange it in the morning and evening. For the mature lawn that has been built, the most important thing is to water it thoroughly at one time, avoiding only watering the top soil, and the soaked soil layer should reach at least 10 cm. In general, water 1~2 times a week in rainy season, in which frozen water, thawed water or green water is very important for the northern lawn.

2 pruning

Pruning is one of the most basic lawn management measures [1]. The biggest advantage of pruning is that it can promote the tillering of grass and increase the density and smoothness of lawn. The height and frequency of lawn mowing often vary with seasons, regions and grass species. General lawn mowing should be followed? A third? In principle, the stubble height of Poa pratensis in Huludao grassland is 3~5 cm, and the lawn grass should be pruned 1 time when it grows to about 7 cm. Pruning mature lawns at a low position before turning green can promote early turning green. When the lawn is stressed by unfavorable factors, the pruning height should be appropriately increased to improve the stress resistance of the lawn. Studies show that lawns with low mowing frequency are rougher than lawns with high mowing frequency.

Lawn mowing height varies with different grass species and uses. The stubble heights of Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, creeping bentgrass, Zoysia japonica and wild grass were 3.0~5.0 cm, 3.0~6.0 cm, 2.5 ~ 1.3 cm, 2.0~5.0 cm and 2.0~5.0 cm, respectively.

3 fertilization

The most ideal fertilization scheme should be to apply a small amount of nutrients necessary for plant growth every 1~2 weeks throughout the growing season, in which nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are called? Three elements of fertilizer? . The application of nitrogen fertilizer is mainly to promote the lush growth of lawn stems and leaves, while the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can increase the disease resistance and lodging resistance of lawn. The suitable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is usually 5∶4∶3. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will promote the rapid growth of turfgrass stems and leaves, greatly increase mowing times, make turfgrass cell wall thinner, make tissues soft and juicy, reduce nutrient storage, and lead to the decline of heat resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance, trampling resistance and disease resistance of turfgrass. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer should be avoided as much as possible in high temperature and high humidity season, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be given priority to. The amount of fertilization is 5~ 10 g/m2, and the times of fertilization depend on the soil conditions. Generally, it should be used 3~5 times, preferably several times, during the growing period, so as to avoid the loss of lawn after use and the waste of fertilizer.

The supply of lawn fertilizer can be determined according to the external performance of lawn grass. The application of chemical fertilizer should be sprinkled on the lawn before it rains or closely combined with lawn irrigation and watering to prevent improper application from burning the lawn. If conditions permit, fertilizer irrigation can be used to fertilize. At present, the commonly used nitrogen fertilizers are mainly ammonium sulfate, urea and ammonium carbonate. Phosphate fertilizer includes superphosphate and ammonium phosphate; Potassium fertilizer includes potassium sulfate and potassium chloride.

4 weed control

The control of lawn weeds is one of the main problems in lawn establishment management [3]. Lawn weeds can be divided into monocotyledonous weeds and dicotyledonous weeds. According to different control purposes, weeds can be divided into annual grass, perennial grass and broad-leaved weeds. Lawn weeds should first be controlled by understanding the occurrence law of weeds. Summer is the season of weeds, annual weeds are more harmful, while biennial dicotyledonous weeds are the main harm in spring. In the whole year, the occurrence of lawn weeds generally shows the sequential occurrence law of dicotyledonous weeds, monocotyledonous weeds and dicotyledonous weeds. According to the principle of action, weed control includes artificial weeding, biological control and chemical control. According to the occurrence law of weeds, that is, by choosing the appropriate combination of grass species, choosing the best sowing date, avoiding the high incidence period of weeds, carrying out reasonable water and fertilizer management on the lawn, increasing the pruning frequency, promoting the growth of lawn grass, enhancing the competitiveness with weeds and resisting the occurrence of weeds. General chemical control has obvious control effect on dicotyledonous weeds, and it is relatively safe to use pesticides. Inactive herbicides, such as glyphosate and paraquat, are mainly used for lawn bed treatment before lawn planting, because they can kill plants. For the use of this kind of pesticides, the residual period must be fully considered, and the efficacy is generally about 2 weeks. 15 d before planting lawn on the land.

At present, the main herbicides commonly used in China are simazine, prometryne, paraquat, 2,4-D and so on. The following points should be paid attention to when spraying chemicals: ① 2,4-D herbicide is mainly used to control broad-leaved weeds, which can harm nearby trees, flowers, fruits and vegetables, so it should be sprayed in windless and dry weather as far as possible, and should be sprayed in low quantities. ② When the temperature is 18~29℃, that is, the weeds are in the most vigorous state or the broad-leaved weeds are tender and juicy, the effect is the best. If the temperature is too high, the stomata on the weed leaves will be closed, which is not conducive to the absorption of drugs. (3) It is not suitable to get wet or water within 8~24 h after spraying. Grass can only be mowed after 2 days of application. (4) Spraying drugs on newly-built lawn at seedling stage is harmful to the growth of grass seedlings. Generally, herbicides can be used on lawns after the three-leaf period. ⑤ The machines and tools using fungicides shall not be mixed with other fertilization and application machines and tools.

5 pest control

According to the different pathogenic reasons, lawn diseases can be divided into two categories: one is an obvious infectious phenomenon caused by biological hosts (pathogens), which is called infectious diseases; The other is a non-infectious phenomenon caused by physical or chemical abiotic factors, which is called non-infectious disease. The main pathogens of infectious diseases are fungi, bacteria, viruses and bacteroides nematodes, among which fungal diseases are more serious, and their inducing factors are as follows: single planting of susceptible grass species or varieties is often the main internal cause of diseases [4]; Environmental conditions such as climate, soil, cultivation and management conditions are the external causes of the disease. The common lawn diseases in the north mainly include the following.

5. 1 brown spot disease

Brown spot disease is the most widespread disease on lawn, and it is one of the most important diseases of Kentucky Bluegrass, which often causes large-scale lawn death.

(1) feature. The infected leaves first appeared in water, and the color became dark and deepened, and finally dried up and wilted, showing light brown; Under warm and humid conditions, hay spots have dark green to grayish brown infiltration edges and are composed of wilted new diseased plants. Smoke ring? This phenomenon is more obvious in the morning when there is dew or high temperature. There are round hay spots on the lawn with high stubble, aren't there? Smoke ring? Symptoms. Under dry conditions, the diameter of hay spot can reach 30 cm, and the diseased plants in the center of hay spot recover faster than those at the edge. As a result, the center of the hay spot is green and the edge is yellow-brown ring. The infected lawn grass will be replaced by algae after death, which will make the ground form a blue crust.

(2) inducing factors. This is mainly caused by excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, closed surrounding habitat and thick hay layer at high temperature.

(3) Management measures. Balance fertilization, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, prevent flooding or water accumulation, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, remove hay beds and diseased bodies, and reduce bacterial sources. Use triadimefon, mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, jinggangmycin and other drugs for prevention and control. The preventive concentration is generally 800 times, and the treatment can be used 300~500 times.

5.2 pythium

Pythium is one of the common lawn diseases in China, which has great influence on lawn quality and mainly harms cool-season lawn grass. Pythium can not only infect cold and humid habitats, but also seriously damage lawns in hot and humid weather. Therefore, it is very important to prevent the occurrence and development of turf rot.

(1) feature. Under the condition of high temperature and high humidity, pythium infection often leads to browning and rot of roots, root necks, stems and leaves. A round tan hay spot with a diameter of 2~5 cm suddenly appeared on the lawn. The hay spot on the low mowing lawn was small at first, but it expanded rapidly. The lawn with higher mowing rate has lower hay spots, and the damaged plants rot and lodging near the ground and die. Dead bald spots are round or irregular, ranging from 10 ~ 15cm. The leaves of hay leaf spot rot in dark brown water. After drying, the diseased leaves shrink and become lighter in color. When the humidity is high, a mass of cotton-like mycelium is formed. Most adjacent hay patches can be merged into large irregular dead grass areas, which are often distributed in the lowest wet part of the lawn. (2) inducing factors. Under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity, the maximum temperature during the day is 30℃, the minimum temperature at night is above 20℃, the relative humidity of the atmosphere is above 90%, and it lasts for more than 14 h, with little water accumulation, poor soil, low organic matter content, poor ventilation, lack of phosphorus and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer. The main damage period is in the high temperature and high humidity season from mid-June to mid-September.

(3) prevention and control methods. ① Cultivation management measures. Improve turf site conditions, avoid ponding after rain, irrigate rationally, reduce irrigation times, control irrigation quantity, reduce soil moisture content in root layer (10~ 15 cm), reduce relative humidity of turf microclimate, and clear hay layer in time. Stubble should not be too low, generally 5~6 cm is better. ② Drug control: chlorothalonil, mancozeb, metalaxyl, triadimefon, hymexazol, etc.

5.3 powdery mildew

It mainly harms Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue and Bermuda grass. The disease is especially serious when the variety is susceptible to disease, the habitat is dark and the light is insufficient.

(1) Main features. White mildew spots appeared on the leaves, and then gradually expanded into nearly round and oval mildew spots, first white, then dirty gray and taupe. The surface of the mildew spot is covered with a layer of white powdery substance.

(2) inducing factors. Poor management, excessive nitrogen application, shading, excessive planting density and improper irrigation.

(3) prevention and control methods. Planting disease-resistant varieties, strengthening cultivation management, reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer or cooperating with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; Reduce the planting density, reduce the shade of shrubs and trees around the lawn, so as to facilitate the ventilation and light transmission of the lawn and reduce the humidity of the lawn. Moderate irrigation, avoid lawn drought, trim diseased grass in advance, and reduce bacterial reinfection. Carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and triadimefon were used for control.

5.4 pests

Compared with lawn diseases, the pests of lawn plants are less harmful and easier to control, but if they are not controlled in time, they will cause large-scale damage to lawn. According to the damage degree of pests to lawn plants, lawn pests can be divided into underground pests and stem and leaf pests. Common pests mainly include grubs, weevils, gold leaf worms, earthworms, grubs, cutworms, meadow moths, armyworms and locusts.

Control method: Do you want to control according to lawn diseases and insect pests? Prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control? Principle, carefully understand the occurrence law of major pests and diseases, find out the inducing factors, and take comprehensive control measures. First of all, we should plant insect-resistant varieties. With more and more introduced lawn varieties in China, it is necessary not only to understand the living habits of the introduced varieties, but also to screen their insect resistance. The insect resistance of varieties containing endophytic fungi was significantly enhanced. Secondly, strengthen lawn maintenance management measures. Rational fertilization, increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in high temperature and high humidity season, and reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer; Irrigate reasonably, reduce the humidity of lawn, and choose appropriate watering time; Moderate pruning, no dew pruning, keep the blade sharp, prune the diseased lawn separately to prevent cross infection, disinfect the blade after pruning, and appropriately increase the height of pruning stubble in the disease-prone season; To reduce the hay layer, we can remove the hay layer by thinning grass and applying soil on the surface, thus reducing the number of bacterial and insect sources. Third, take drug control. The main pesticides for controlling lawn diseases and insect pests are insecticides, acaricides and fungicides. , should be used in accordance with the instructions to prevent plant poisoning. The main drugs to control underground pests are carbofuran, carbaryl and phoxim. For stem and leaf pests, the main control drugs are diphacinone and omethoate.

6 references

[1] Wang Zaiping, Han. Talking about the Maintenance and Management of Lawn in the North [J]. Modern Rural Science and Technology, 20 10(6):42.

[2] Yang Qinghong. Lawn Maintenance and Management [J]. Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology, 2007( 1):85-87.

[3] Wang Huijuan. Discussion on spring maintenance management of cool-season lawn [J]. Henan Agricultural Science, 2007(9):9 1-93.

Luo Xiaomei. Turf pest control [J]. Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology, 2008 (3):109-10.

[5] Liu Weipeng, Zhang Shihua. Preliminary Study on Maintenance and Management of Cool-season Lawn in Southeast Henan [J]. Southern Horticulture, 2009(6):36-37.

Lawn maintenance management paper II

Study on Lawn Maintenance Management

Taking JD.COM Primary School in Minhang District as an example, the phenomenon of baldness and death in JD.COM primary school campus lawn was analyzed, and the lawn maintenance management scheme was put forward, so as to improve the overall greening level.

Keywords: lawn; Maintenance management; Pre-design of greening planting

Taking JD.COM Primary School in Minhang District as an example, this paper analyzes the phenomenon of baldness and death in the campus lawn of JD.COM Primary School, and puts forward the maintenance and management scheme of the lawn, so as to improve the overall greening level.

Keywords: turf; Maintenance management; Planting design stage

China Library Classification Number: S688 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:

1 preface

Lawn is the keynote of garden green space and an important part of environmental greening, which is mainly used to beautify the environment, purify the air, maintain water and soil and provide outdoor activities. Many people think that the maintenance and management of lawn is only the work after lawn planting. In fact, the maintenance management in the later stage has a great relationship with the design in the early stage of greening and planting. For example, whether the design of green drainage system is reasonable has a great influence on the growth of lawn, and also determines the difficulty of later maintenance management. In some greening renovation projects, most of the reasons for the renovation are lawn problems, which need replanting and management. Through on-the-spot investigation and analysis, it is found that the main reasons for lawn problems are the lack of integrity in early design and inadequate maintenance and management in later period, which leads to the occurrence of lawn baldness, withering, rot and death. Based on the analysis of the case of primary school greening in JD.COM, this paper discusses the problems existing in lawn maintenance management and puts forward its own solutions.

2 main contents of lawn maintenance management

2. 1 Lawn maintenance management mainly includes: replanting lawn, fertilization, irrigation, weeding, pruning, punching, grass combing and pest control.

(1) The lawn replanting method is as follows: a. Planting grass blocks, cutting the dead lawn into blocks, and then spreading new grass blocks, and the newly spread grass rolls should be closely combined with the soil; B, planting grass roots, namely planting grass roots one by one on the alopecia areata plot; C. Replanting, if it is a large area of lawn replanting, you can use equipment on the dead lawn, loosen the soil and sow grass seeds to suppress it; D replanting the green belt is similar to replanting, except that the covering soil should not be too thick. In principle, the covering soil should not exceed 2.5 times that of the seeds. Spray fine water with water to avoid washing away the covering soil. The covering soil should be kept moist until the lawn germinates and is covered.

(2) Fertilization

In the establishment and maintenance of lawn, fertilization can improve and improve the cold, drought and wind resistance of lawn, which plays an extremely important role in the life activities, color and quality of lawn plants. Lawn, like other plants, contains 16 kinds of nutrients necessary for normal growth. Except C, H and O, it is mainly provided by soil and fertilizer. Lawn fertilization should be determined according to the variety, growth and soil nutrient status of lawn grass, and the frequency and time of fertilization should be determined according to the growth needs and maintenance management level.

(3) Irrigation

Lawn irrigation should consider the characteristics of lawn growth, soil moisture, seasonality and rainfall. And sprinkler irrigation should be appropriate, not only to prevent insufficient sprinkler irrigation from affecting plant growth, but also to prevent excessive watering from causing weeds to grow wildly and even destroying the whole lawn. Therefore, attention should be paid to sprinkler irrigation and irrigation, and at the same time, attention should be paid to timely replenishing water to the blind areas in sprinkler irrigation.

(4) Weed control

The harm of lawn weeds to lawn lies not only in competing for glory, fertilizer and space with lawn, but also in diluting the function of lawn and reducing its aesthetic value. Damaged lawn plants are slender, fragile, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, trampling-resistant, easy to degenerate and die, and even cause grass shortage. Therefore, weed control is also an important work in lawn maintenance management.

Weeds can be eliminated by manual weeding and chemical control. When using chemical agents to weed, it is necessary to strictly control the dosage, do a good job of personal safety protection, and fail to focus on it.

(5) Pruning

Pruning is one of the most basic measures in all lawn management measures. Under certain conditions, pruning can maintain the growth of lawn grass at a certain height, increase tillers, promote the development of lateral stolons and rhizomes, increase the density of lawn, narrow the leaves of lawn grass, and improve the ornamental and sportiness of lawn.

Lawn growth types: divided into cold season type and warm season type.

Pruning height: the growth height of cool-season lawn 10 cm, and it must be pruned when the height of warm-season lawn is 20 cm.

Pruning height: generally about 4 to 6 cm, following the principle of 1/3.

(6) punching holes

After a period of growth, the lawn roots are dense and intertwined, and root rot is prone to occur in low-lying areas. Need to use a punching machine for ventilation, generally about 4 cm deep, and mow the grass immediately after punching.

(7) combing grass

Comb the grass with a grass comb, and clean the cut grass clippings in time, ship them and clean them on site.

(8) Pest control

What should lawn pest control work follow? Prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control? Policy.

First, pest control:

The main reasons for the harm of lawn grass pests are as follows: the soil was not treated with insect control before lawn planting (deep digging, digging holes to pick up insects, soil disinfection, etc.) ); The applied organic fertilizer does not decompose; Early prevention and treatment is not timely or improper medication, failure, etc.

Comprehensive control methods of lawn pests include agricultural control, physical and artificial control, biological control and chemical control.

B, disease control:

Classification of lawn diseases According to different pathogens, diseases can be divided into two categories: non-communicable diseases and infectious diseases. Non-communicable diseases are caused by lawn and environment, and such diseases are not contagious; Infectious diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes. The three necessary conditions for occurrence are susceptible plants, pathogenic agents with strong pathogenicity and suitable environmental conditions.

The control methods of lawn diseases include: eliminating the primary infection source of pathogenic bacteria, agricultural control, chemical control and so on.

3 JD.COM primary school lawn status, problems and causes analysis

3. 1 is a green space in the primary school district of JD.COM. You can see that the trees here are lush, but the survival rate of the lawn is basically zero. Because this location is located in the northwest corner of the building, the lighting time is relatively short, the upper trees are densely planted, the big branches and leaves develop at will, and they are not properly trimmed, so the lower ground cover not only can not get enough light, but also has poor ventilation. The soil evenness is not enough, the ground drainage slope is not smooth, the drainage system is unreasonable, and there is water on the ground after the rain. This series of reasons made the lawn unable to survive.

3.2 The greening in the northernmost part of JD.COM Primary School is close to the fence. The greening here is messy and uneven in density, and the leaves are not cleaned up, which increases the difficulty of ground drainage.

3.3 The greening in the north of the westernmost building on campus is blocked by the building and four branches and leaves? Blessed? Therefore, the ground receives less light, and the excess water on the ground is difficult to evaporate. It's close to the playground, and there are many people at ordinary times. The lawn has inadvertently become a shortcut for students. These reasons not only caused the soil to be wet, hardened and airtight, but also bred a large area of moss, which led to the lawn growing everywhere.

4 JD.COM primary school lawn problem solution

4. 1 follow? Prevention in advance in the early stage and timely maintenance and management in the later stage? The principle of.

4.2 In the preliminary design, it should be noted that:

According to the nature and greening direction of the greening site, the planting density of trees should be reasonable.

The nature of this greening project is primary school, although it is said that everyone wants to be in summer? Enjoy the cool under the big tree? But in winter, our pupils also need it? Bright sunshine? , the body will be healthier; Due to the shelter of the building, the perennial illumination time of the plants on the northwest side of the building will be relatively short, so the planting of trees should not only consider the long-term effect, but also determine its density according to the orientation and plant characteristics.

Reasonable lawn slope and drainage ditch should be set according to the regional climate characteristics.

Shanghai has a subtropical maritime monsoon climate. Its main climatic characteristics are: warm in spring, hot in summer, cool in autumn and cold in winter. Generally speaking, it is mild and humid all year round. The rainy season is from mid-June to early July every year, with heavy rainfall and very humid air.

When designing the lawn, we should not only combine the road drainage system, but also pay attention to the drainage slope of the lawn itself. The soil should be smooth and the drainage slope should be natural and smooth.

According to the environment, set up a reasonable green isolation belt.

In some places where there are no green side stones or the boundaries between soft and hard surfaces are not obvious, some shrub fences should be considered as isolation belts in key green protection areas to prevent students from walking around at will and causing damage to greening.

4.3 Solutions for post-maintenance management:

(1) Cut off the branches that are too dense regularly to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, reduce the shade on the lawn and improve the growing environment of the lawn;

(2) improve the lawn drainage conditions, adjust the soil PH value to 5-7, enhance air circulation and improve water evaporation;

(3) Level the soil, and regularly remove the gravel, weeds, leaves and sundries in the soil.

(4) the hard shell of moss is forcibly destroyed by cutting or puncturing, so as to enhance the water permeability and permeability of lawn and improve the efficiency of medicine and fertilizer;

(5) After cutting and puncturing, artificial sand spreading and fertilizer pushing bucket can be used to destroy the moss layer on the soil surface;

(6) Spraying moss scavenger in stages can effectively control the growth of moss, but the dosage should be strictly controlled and safety should be paid attention to;

(7) Apply fertilizer scientifically and rationally, and reduce the use of organic fertilizer in areas where moss occurs;

(8) For some lawns or key protected areas along the intersection, replant hedges for protection.

(9) The lawn has deteriorated, corroded, thinned and bald. , then clear it and replant it.

5 conclusion

In the preliminary design of greening planting, we should not only consider the comprehensive factors such as land use nature, architecture, climate and environment, but also consider the effect to be achieved after planting and the foresight of its future growth. If the preliminary design is considered comprehensively, the trouble and cost in the later maintenance management will be less. Nothing can be done once and for all, and the growth of green plants depends on it. Three minutes, seven minutes? No matter how perfect the greening design is, it is difficult to achieve or maintain the expected effect if there is no reasonable maintenance management in the later stage after implementation. So what should we do about the management and maintenance of lawn? Prevention in advance in the early stage and timely maintenance and management in the later stage? In order to achieve a more ideal greening effect.

refer to

Zhao Linping, et al. Effects of Fertilization on Lawn Quality and Environment (J) China Soil Fertilizer 2006(4)6

Harm and prevention of moss on golf lawn landscape

Lawn Maintenance Scheme (OL) Baidu Library (Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery)

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