Influential factors of modernist literature

Throughout the19th century, the European scientific community was dominated by Darwin's theory of evolution and Newton's mechanical system. Under its influence, the concepts of positivism and rationalism are the mainstream viewpoints guiding the development of literature and art, but at the beginning of the 20th century, the birth of modern physics, especially Einstein's theory of relativity, greatly shook the material world outlook of classical physics, and the scientific world became subtle, complicated and difficult to grasp. The emergence of electronic theory, cybernetics and information theory has further destroyed the traditional metaphysical views and even greatly changed the language. The development of science has influenced the development of literature and art to some extent. For example, futurism literature, as one of the important schools of modernism literature, was born under the direct influence of the development of new science and technology. In the field of philosophy and culture, Nietzsche's extreme proposition of "reassessing everything" has had a far-reaching impact on expressionist literature in the German-speaking world. The psychoanalytic theory of Austrian psychiatrist Freud guided writers to dig deep into the subconscious and unconscious fields, which directly influenced the stream-of-consciousness novels. However, the French philosopher henri bergson had the greatest influence on modernist literature. His intuitionism theory laid the theoretical tone of the whole modernist literature to a certain extent. In addition, Kant's agnosticism, Jung's collective unconsciousness theory and Croce's intuitive aesthetics theory also influenced the development of modernist literature to varying degrees.