ph meter uncertainty 0.0006 level converted to % fs is how many

Users according to the table data to detect their own ph electrode bad steps (ph meter adjusted to mv gear)

1) test zero potential ph value zero point ph value: 7 ± 0.5ph ph electrode inserted into ph4.00 buffer stabilization readings (pre-tested solution temperature) Example of 25 ℃ readings e1 '= 186mv (take the absolute value) the exact value of 178mv ( See table) then the error value = 186-178mv converted ph value: 8/59.16 = 0.14ph (59.16mv/ph 25 ℃ k value see table) zero ph value qualified general new electrode zero potential error ≤ ± 0.3ph zero potential error > ± 0.5ph electrode test error comparison especially test solution temperature change more error test precision requirements are high then zero potential error value some can exceed 1ph.

(2) test electrode hundred theory residual rate (pts)

Record (1) step test data 186mv electrode cleaning and then inserted into the ph9.18 buffer stabilized readings e2'=111mv (to take the absolute value of) δe'=e1 '+e2'=186+111=297mv with the table δe according to pts=97% qualified general new electrodes pts ≥ 97% using long time electrodes to relax a little general should pts ≥ 95% unless the test precision requirements of low

(3) electrodes cleaned and then inserted into the buffer of ph4.00 readings with step (1) data Comparison of the error should be ≤ ± 2mv or else indicates poor repeatability of the electrode

(4) electrode test readings should be stabilized within 30-60 seconds or else indicates that the electrode response is too slow

ph electrodes to be immersed in what indeed immersed

ph electrodes must be immersed in the ph bulb before use ph bulb kind of special glass film glass membrane surface of a thin layer of hydrated gel filled with wet conditions in order to be able to with the solution h + away from a good Response with the glass electrode after soaking to make the nominal potential drop and tend to stabilize

ph glass electrode generally with distilled water or ph4 buffer solution soaking through the use of ph4 buffer solution more soaking between 8 to 24 or more depending on the thickness of the glass membrane of the bulb, the degree of electrodes with the same as the reference electrode liquid junction needs to be soaked liquid junction drying to make the potential of the liquid junction increased or stabilized reference electrode soaking liquid must be a reference solution for reference electrode external reference solution To that is 3.3mol/l kcl solution or saturated kcl solution immersion between the general a few that is

ph composite electrode words must be immersed in a buffer containing kclph4 in order to be able to glass bulb bubbles liquid junction with the role to be particularly reminded to pay attention to the use of single ph glass electrodes have been accustomed to using the ph composite electrodes used to be soaked with water or ph4 buffer using ph composite electrodes according to the use of immersion caused by the direct branch of the performance of a good ph composite electrodes The change of the branch response is slow, poor precision electrode and the more the performance between immersion the worse after the immersion of the liquid junction internal (such as sand core internal) kcl concentration has been reduced so that the liquid junction potential increase stability to ensure that the immersion solution to re-immersed in a number of electrodes to recover

In addition, the ph electrodes can be immersed in the sexual or alkaline buffer solution period of immersion of the type of solution so that the ph glass membrane response to ensure that the ph electrode immersion solution preparation: take the ph4.00 buffer ( 250ml) packet dissolved in 250ml of pure water and then add 56 grams of analytical pure kcl suitable heating and stirring until completely dissolved that

ph electrode how to clean

bubble liquid junction contamination first cleaned with solvents and then wash the solvent electrode immersed in the immersion liquefaction with water

pollutants detergents

Mechanical metal oxides less than 1mol / l dilute acid

Oil and grease Dilute detergent (weak acid)

Resin high substances Dilute alcohol, acetone, ether

Protein blood cell precipitates Acid enzyme solution (mother of pearl)

Pigment substances Dilute bleach, hydrogen oxide

Environmental test chambers face xenon lamp test chambers ultraviolet chemical test chambers with the corresponding light source with the same characteristics of the production of the same test utility of the analysis of the light source:

The light source:

The light source:

The light source:

The light source is the same as the test chamber, and the test chamber is the same as the test chamber, and the test chamber is the same as the test chamber. p>. Closed carbon arc lamp

The kind of lamp has been used for about 70 long time 1918 first used textile exposure fastness test aatcc (american association of textile chemists and colorists) light source now allows the old specification is still required to use

Closed carbon arc lamp by the team of carbon rods group of carbon rods sealed metal gas check plate (metal gas check plate), the light source of the test, the light source of the test, the light source of the test, the light source of the test, the light source of the test, the light source of the test. metal gas check plate (metal gas check plate) borosilicate glass spherical airtight envelope current flow between the carbon rods arc light due to the carbon electrode share determines the quality of combustion light production carbon rods any change to change the spectral energy cloth (spd) to change the test conditions

Closed carbon arc lamp spd shows that the main energy set of the 3-phase narrow band below 345nm at the phase of the energy using a section of polymer absorption Sensitivity closed carbon arc lamp spectral power cloth and from the light difference between the carbon arc lamp neither from the light short-wave ultraviolet radiation between 400 ~ 800nm no light high-intensity energy due to the kind of light spectra and the light of the existence of the more differences to be compared with since the climatization of the use of carbon arc lamps laboratory correlation difficult

II. Light carbon arc lamp

Light carbon arc lamp and closed carbon arc lamp weekly test using light source began as early as 1933 arc light three teams of carbon rods produced with eight glass filters around the arc lamp is mainly used in the coatings industry permits specification of the use of the kind of light source

Because of the closed carbon arc lamp defects of the carbon arc lamp light carbon arc lamp carbon rods part changes to make the spd is more similar to the surface of the light improved significantly with the light spd compared to the 350 nm between 50 nm The difference still causes poor correlation

III. Fluorescent UV lamps

Theory into the short-wave energy mainly less energy can lead to materialization of significant increase in energy up to the rapid test effect it compared fs-40 fluorescent lamps spdflorida sunlight spd to see up to the increase in ultraviolet energy design standards only uv energy levels increased and the spectral range increased since the light did not uv energy energy energy cloth changed dramatically so that many products accelerated the damage

Because of the Fluorescent devices are stored on the surface of the sphere to measure the self-light did not radiate energy fluorescent devices cause non-self-destruction in addition to the fluorescent light source in addition to the narrow mercury spectral line did not have higher than 375nm energy than the wave of uv energy-sensitive materials can be made to expose the self-light changes

Because of some of the inherent defects and only the spectral cloth and control of its vein rule knot atlas company generally considered the use of such a light source I believe that the main purpose of the ultraviolet screening device is limited to quality control applications

Four.

IV. Xenon arc lamp

New light source xenon arc lamp 50 generation first introduced the use of air-cooling system with the 60 generation to use water-cooled light source at the beginning of this century the shape of the accelerated primitive concept of accelerating the use of sealed carbon arc lamps accelerated test device impact

On the air-cooled water-cooled xenon lamps are the same basic spectral energy distribution (SPD) cooling type is the same then the source of the lamp light glass device structure is the same I am confined to the discussion of atlas product The use of water-cooled system

Water-cooled xenon lamp system consists of quartz combustion tubes inside and outside the light filtering device stainless steel assembly components group stainless steel components to make each part of the assembly system installation of water or distilled water pumped into the system to cool the lamp absorbs the wave infrared energy borosilicate glass inside and outside the light filter xenon lamp system is close to the self-lighting outside the light filtering glass of soda lime glass is close to the self-lighting through the window filtering

Initial 2500w 6000w Xenon lamps due to the increase in black deposits with the ignition between the electrode area shape with continued use of the deposition of the electrode area to the lamp to expand some deposits seriously affect the lamp energy transfer so that the lamp life shortened rated radiation level using 6000w xenon lamp every 300 ~ 500 need to be replaced atlas immediately began to improve the performance of xenon lamps research

In the fall of 1974, j. norton first guided the development of 6500w xenon lamps kind of new Xenon lamp work new metal parts with a new metal without electrode area to eliminate black deposition problems with atlas light monitoring system used 6500w xenon lamp service life of more than 1500 generally up to 2000 work high-intensity radiation xenon lamp service life is affected

6500w xenon lamp is now atlas c series of climatization tester fade tester to use

Xenon arc lamps are first used in the plastics industry: Permit specifications aatccastmiso government specifications include the use of lamps textile industry traditionally used carbon arc lamps users are now changing the specifications for the use of xenon lamps aatcc only specifies the use of xenon lamps and specifies that the use of radiation levels and radiation exposure dose (fewer joules per square meter) will produce the desired color change

The use of carbon arc lamps in another traditional industry automotive industry recently the International Industrial Fibers Association ifai emphasized that the xenon arc lamp has been Developed for automotive interior equipment decorative product testing

The fact that ci35ci65 xenon lamp chemistries test proved that the correlation between Xu products and the exposure florida test base since the chemistries test junction is as high as 98%

Households according to the content of the analysis of the selection of the appropriate lamp