Study on Modernization of Traditional Towns

Urbanization is the inevitable trend of global social and economic development. Read the following materials and answer the questions.

Song Dynasty is a transitional period for the transformation of urban functions. Towns with administrative and military functions have gradually transformed into important strongholds for commerce and trade. It was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties that traditional towns broke away from their original meaning and took commercial functions as the standard. ? By the end of 15 (especially during the Ming Chenghua and Hongzhi years), the first peak of the development of towns in the south of the Yangtze River appeared.

-selected from Doc Baba. Com, a town in the south of the Yangtze River in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

(1) According to the material 1, it points out the changes of urban functions from Song Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties; (4 points) Explain the influence of this change on economic structure, literary form and thought with historical facts. (6 points)

Material 2: UK urbanization development curve (1700—— 1859)

(2) According to the second document, the development characteristics of different stages of British urbanization since18th century are summarized. (6 points) According to the knowledge learned, analyze the main economic factors that promote the development of urbanization in Britain. (2 points)

Material 3 China city bid farewell to the traditional urban form, and moved towards modernity from the forties of 19. Unlike western capitalist countries, which implemented modern urbanization and urban modernization by improving agricultural productivity, industrial revolution and increasing commercialization, China's urban modernization was stronger than the invasion of western capitalism, and a number of modern cities different from traditional feudal towns first rose at trading ports. With trade as the intermediary, these trading cities transplanted the new technology, urban construction and management, cultural style and values of western capitalist society into traditional cities by forcibly establishing concessions, thus making these cities walk out of the encirclement of rural society and culture and begin a difficult modernization journey.

-Excerpt from On Modern Urbanization and Urban Modernization in China.

(3) According to Materials 2 and 3, point out the differences of urban modernization between China and Britain (4 points), and analyze the reasons for these differences in China according to the knowledge learned. (4 points)

Material 4: Gerriets, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 20001year, thinks that the urbanization of China and the new technological revolution led by the United States are two key factors affecting human progress in the 2 1 century. It can be seen that the great role of China's economic development has been widely recognized by international academic circles. Especially in the past three decades, the rapid economic growth and great achievements driven by industrialization and urbanization are obvious to all at home and abroad. Among them, "urbanization" has become one of the hot words in China.

-Yang Zui talks about the reasons for accelerating urbanization in China.

(4) According to the fourth document, combined with the knowledge learned, what development stage has China's urbanization entered since 2 1 century? What kind of urbanization strategy is put forward? (4 points)

answer

(1) change: change from administrative and military functions to commercial functions.

Economic structure: some areas in the south of the Yangtze River gave birth to a new economic factor-the bud of capitalism (the "machine room" of "the contribution of machine users and the contribution of machine workers" began to appear); (2 points)

Literature: The rise of the civil class makes Zhang Hui's novels gradually develop into the mainstream of literature. Historical facts: One of the four fantastic books or Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Jin Ping Mei is enough (2 points);

Ideologically, Li Zhi attacked Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, denied Confucius and Mencius, and denied Huang Zongxi's thought of opposing autocratic tyrants and restricting monarchical power. Wang Fuzhi's theory of "principle lies in qi" affirms the instinctive requirements of human beings and the rationality of self-interest, and Gu's thought of "ruling the world" is acceptable. (2 points)

(2) Development characteristics:1The development was slow in the first half of the 8th century; /kloc-from the middle of the 0/8th century to the beginning of the 20th century (during the two industrial revolutions), it developed rapidly. It reached a high level in 1930s, and then developed steadily. (6 points)

Main economic factors: the development of industrial and agricultural production (or the development of social productive forces); Two industrial revolutions (or the advancement of industrialization); Promote the development of the tertiary industry. (2 points for any answer)

(3) Difference: China's urban modernization started late and developed slowly, which was formed under the action of external forces; Britain's urbanization started early and developed rapidly, which was formed by internal forces. (4 points)

Reasons: the restriction of semi-colonial and semi-feudal social nature; Low level of industrial and agricultural production; The influence of traditional ideas. (Answer 2 points, get 4 points)

(4) Stage: high-speed development stage (2 points);

Put forward a positive urbanization strategy: take the diversified road of coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns, and gradually form a reasonable urban system. (2 points)