Dahur Festival: Black Ash Festival (Traditional Chinese Festival)

Customs of the Dahur People The traditional housing of the Dahur people is mostly made of pine or birch beams for the frame, adobe or tufa for the walls, smeared with a few courses of yellow mud on the inside and outside, and thatched with house grass on the top, ranging from two-room, three-room, and five-room. The two-room house has a bedroom in the west room and a kitchen in the east room; the three-room or five-room house has a kitchen in the center and living rooms on both sides. The house is generally north-south, focusing on lighting, more windows is a major feature of the Daur houses. There are three large kangs connected to the south, north and west sides or the south, east and north sides of the living room, commonly known as "banshi kang". The trailing kang is an indispensable heating facility for the Daur people in winter because of its good heat preservation. The west house is the most important residence of the Daur people. In the west house, the south kang is the most important, and it is mostly inhabited by the elders, while the sons, daughters-in-law and their children live in the north kang or the east house, and the west kang is exclusively used for the guests' living. Most of the kangs are covered with reed mats or felt. Nowadays, with the development of economy and the improvement of living conditions, the number of brick houses is increasing, however, the use of kang and other living customs are still very popular among the Daur people. Ane Festival, is the Daur's biggest traditional festival, equivalent to the Han Chinese New Year. From the beginning of the month of Lunar New Year, people start to busy for the Spring Festival, preparing all kinds of food for the New Year. Kumul Festival, Kumul is the buds of artemisia, wild vegetables can be eaten. Every year in May, groups of Daur men, women and children, y grateful heart, excited to collect artemisia buds and singing and dancing. Traditional sports competitions are also held. Wipe the Black Festival (Kodeg? Udu Day), the sixteenth day of the first month for the black, is one of the traditional festivals of the Daur ethnic group, Daur's "Cuodege? Udu Day" from the Daur Spring Festival, the Daur people see the same New Year's Eve to the first month of the fifteenth are the Spring Festival. Daur people attach great importance to the marriage of men and women, the formation of a rich, unique traditional marriage customs. Monogamous marriage, in the Daur people produced very early, and has been inherited until today. Historically, the Daur ethnic group practiced not strictly intra-ethnic marriage, the scope of intermarriage is mainly within the ethnic group, that is, members of different surnames as the object of intermarriage. Later, due to the long-term neighboring with Ewenke, Mongolia, Manchu, Oroqen and Han, etc., intermarriage with other ethnic groups is also allowed. Clan exogamy system is another basic system of Daur marriage customs. Men and women of the same Hara (clan) and Mokun (family) are strictly forbidden to marry each other because they are related by blood and are descendants of the same paternal ancestors. In order to maintain a stable ethical relationship between relatives, although the Daur people allow some of the kinship intermarriage, but the requirement that the two sides must be the same generation, the strict implementation of peer marriage. At the same time, the marriage is more common. After the man into the woman, the children born still belong to the father's "Hala", son-in-law in the father-in-law's home only engaged in labor, and no inheritance of the woman's right to property. Before the founding of New China, the Daur ethnic group's feudal rites and morals are y rooted, parents arranged marriage is regarded as a natural thing, young people do not have the right to choose their own spouses, but also can not carry out free pre-marital social activities. Traditional marriage customs usually include the procedures of choosing a spouse, betrothal, rites of passage and marriage. In choosing a spouse, people emphasize comparable age and appearance, as well as being in the right family. In terms of age, both men and women are required to be roughly the same, with the man being either the same age as the woman or one to three years older than the woman. After the founding of New China, with the promulgation and implementation of the Marriage Law, the traditional marriage customs of the feudal arranged, buy and sell marriages were completely abolished, young men and women can choose their own spouses through free love. The main form of traditional house construction of the Daur ethnic group is called "Ya Zengge Ri", which is a kind of ridge-type, earth and wood structure of the grass house. Daur ethnic grass house to the majority of two, followed by three, live five less. The Daur people emphasize the habit of separating the layout of the house and the kitchen. If it is two rooms, the west house for the living room, to the east house for the kitchen; if it is three rooms, usually to the center of the house for the kitchen, the east and west of the two rooms to live. Inside the living room, there is a connected kang on the south and northwest sides, commonly known as the "curved kang". Daur families generally do not have a fireplace, fall and winter seasons to prevent cold and warm by the kang. Daur people in the kitchen at the north wall, there is a pool-type kang, called "Erlug", used to dry food. Daur's grass house is comfortable, bright and spacious, durable, warm in winter and cool in summer, known for its many windows. A two-room grass house, the south wall of the west house has three windows, the west wall has two windows, the east house door on each side of a window, **** seven windows. If it is a three-room grass house, there are usually eleven windows. More windows not only expand the light area, but also conducive to the circulation of air, to keep the indoor air fresh. Canopy and four walls decorated with chickens, phoenixes, quails and hunting and other various patterns, paper cuttings, some directly to the pheasant feathers, fur with filigree pasted on the wall as an embellishment. With respect for the elderly, mutual assistance and hospitality as ...... >>

What are the folkways and customs of the Daur ethnic group The Daur ethnic group has a long history and is one of the pioneers and defenders of the northern border of the motherland. According to historians, the Daur ethnic group in the early years of nomadic Erguna River, Ennen River and other places, is the descendants of the Khitan people. 17th century, moved to the south bank of the Heilongjiang River and the Nenjiang River plain, they and Ewenke, Oroqen and other ethnic groups together, with blood and life to defend the motherland's northern border.　Daur ethnic group has its own language, but no writing. The language belongs to Mongolian group of Altaic language family. Traditionally cultured Daur people write in Manchu.　Daur field hockey is famous throughout the country and is known as the "Hockey Township". Shi Fang, a member of our reporting team, had made a special report on this two years ago, and revisiting this place has some meaning.　　The Daur ethnic group has a splendid traditional culture and unique ethnic customs, which is a wonder among Chinese ethnic cultures. The museum's rich series of folklore exhibition, such as "Da Le Che", "Huada" wedding feast, under the deer flag, headdresses, etc., so that we have a deeper understanding of the character of this character of loyalty and courage, hard work, thrift and simplicity, etiquette, and good creativity of the ethnic minorities and have a deeper understanding.

What are the festivals and customs of the Daur ethnic group? Introduction to the Daur Ethnic Group

The Daur ethnic group is one of China's ethnic minorities, mainly located in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Molideva Daur Autonomous Region Banner, Ewenke Autonomous Region Banner and the area; a few people live in Tacheng, Xinjiang. The Daur people are also found in Russia (around the Shilka River and Buri), and Russia calls the area in question Dauria, or Trans-Baikal.

Daur language belongs to the Mongolian language family of the Altaic language family, there are three dialects of Butha, Qiqihar and Xinjiang, the text of the Qing Dynasty use of Manchu, known as the Dahur language, now use the Latin alphabet spelling of the new Daur language.

Daur ethnic festivals

Ane Festival

Ane is the Daur language, meaning the big year, Daur traditional festival. Held on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar every year, the festival period of fifteen days. On the morning of the first day, people dress up, first to the God of Heaven, Goddess of God, God of the stove and the God of the ancestors burn incense and bow to worship. They pray for blessings and a good year, and then they toast and kowtow to their elders and receive New Year's blessings from them. When making the first New Year's meal (dumplings), a red thread is wrapped into the dumplings, believing that the person who eats them will live a long life; or a coin is wrapped into the dumplings, believing that the person who eats them will not lack money to spend. Inner Mongolia and other places Daur also customary to pack into eight small dough or a regimen of flour, respectively, symbolizing the eight women full and kind-hearted. After breakfast, young men and women are led by older brothers and sisters of the same generation, by household to pay homage to the New Year. If the elder of a family has passed away less than three years ago, the younger generation should kowtow to the spirit seat on the south bed and offer cigarettes. From the second to the fifth day of the lunar month, they go out to pay New Year's visits. During the Ane period, women get together and enjoy dancing the folk dance "Ruzhigaille," young girls play with "Haneka" (paper figures) or "Sak" (ankle bones), adult men hold horse races and other activities, and young men are divided into groups for horse racing. The adult men hold horse races, while the young men are divided into two teams and play "Pole" (field hockey), and in the evening they hold fireball games.

Smear Festival

The Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month is a happy and lively day for the whole country. But for the Daur compatriots, they also have a more joyful and interesting 16th of the first month "Smear Festival" - the Daur traditional festival. According to legend, every year on the sixteenth day of the first month of the lunar calendar, "the god of the grains" to visit the earth, people smear black on each other's faces, in order to pray for "the god of the grains" do not spread the black spikes disease to the earth, so that a good harvest of wheat, the people safe. In accordance with the custom of the Daur ethnic group, this day the elders of the clan to get up early, to each member of the clan on the forehead smeared with a black spot. The young men smear their hands with the black ash from the bottom of the pot of oil and compete to smear it on each other's faces, thus making fun of each other and making fun of each other. Therefore, this morning, the faces of young boys and girls, often smeared with black oil. Daur people believe that this black entertainment, symbolizing good luck, good things constantly.

Ovoo Wobei

Ovoo Wobei, Daur language that Ovoo festival. Daur traditional festival. Spring and fall each year to choose an auspicious day held once, Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar, Daur ethnic group selected August 18 each year, the festival period of one day. Ovoo, that is, a hillock or mountain with stone stacked conical altar, in the minds of the Daur people, it symbolizes the national protection god or mountain god. At that time, people dressed in dress, carrying offerings, gathered around the Ovoo. Willow or birch branches with green leaves are first placed on the Ovoo to symbolize the abundance of grains and the prosperity of six animals. Sacrifice, to boiled cattle, sheep, pork as offerings, and to the Ovoo offerings of white wine, cheese, hanging colorful flags, cloth. Afterwards, in the Ovoo fire burning incense on all sides, the officiating priest Bagchi (shaman assistant) read aloud rituals, shaman around the Ovoo singing God, dance of good luck, to participate in the sacrifices to the Ovoo kowtow to the Ovoo, praying for wind and rain, livestock and peace. After the sacrifice, we *** food offerings and wrestling, horse racing, archery, singing and dancing and other recreational activities.

Dragon Boat Festival

Daur Dragon Boat Festival is also known as the May Festival. Every year on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, people have to get up early, go to the river to bathe, or to the wild dew to wipe their faces, and pick wormwood inserted in the ears and crown, in order to one year of the body without disease. At noon on this day, each family will eat pies, dumplings or buckwheat noodles. Afterwards, women in groups, satchel frame basket, to the river banks to collect the favorite "kunbile" (a delicious wild vegetables). i teenagers will hold a "Po Lei" (field hockey) games.

February 2

Daur February 2 on the second day of the second month of the lunar calendar every year, people eat pork, some places to eat pies, contraindicated to do needlework, thought this day touch the needle and thread will get bone disease.

Lahai Festival

Daur Lahai Festival on the eighth day of the first month of the lunar calendar every year, people stop working to "Nikki" (that is, buckwheat rice milled into powder, left on the wicker after the granular part) made of yogurt sticky porridge, and then mixed with milk (or cream) to eat. ...... >>

What are the customs of the Daur ethnic group Daur traditional housing more pine or birch beams for the frame, adobe or adobe for the wall, inside and outside the smear a few channels of yellow mud, thatched roof thatched roof, two, three, five, etc. The two rooms with the west room as the bedroom. The two-room house has a bedroom in the west room and a kitchen in the east room; the three-room or five-room house has a kitchen in the center and living rooms on both sides. The house is generally north-south, focusing on lighting, more windows is a major feature of the Daur houses. There are three large kangs connected to the south, north and west sides or the south, east and north sides of the living room, commonly known as "banshi kang". The trailing kang has good warmth and is an indispensable heating facility for Daur people in winter.

The Daur people's living room in the west house is expensive. In the west house, the south kang is the most important one, and it is mostly inhabited by the elders, while the sons, daughters-in-law and their children live in the north kang or the east house, and the west kang is exclusively used for the guests to get up and live. Most of the kangs are covered with reed mats or felt. Nowadays, with the development of economy and improvement of living conditions, brick houses are increasing, however, the use of kang and other living customs are still loved by the people of Daur.

What are the folk customs of the Daur ethnic Daur has a long history, is one of the pioneers and defenders of the northern border of the motherland. According to historians, the Daur people in the early years of nomadic Erguna River, Ennen River and other places, is the descendants of the Khitan people. 17th century, moved south to the south bank of the Heilongjiang River and the Nenjiang River Plain, with the Ewenki, Oroqen and other nationalities together, with the blood and life defending the motherland's northern borderlands.　Daur ethnic group has its own language, but no writing. The language belongs to Mongolian group of Altaic language family. Traditionally cultured Daur people write in Manchu.　Daur field hockey is famous throughout the country and is known as the "Hockey Township". Shi Fang, a member of our reporting team, had made a special report on this two years ago, and revisiting this place has some meaning.　　The Daur ethnic group has a splendid traditional culture and unique ethnic customs, which is a wonder among Chinese ethnic cultures. The museum's rich series of folklore exhibitions, such as "Da Le Che", "Huada" wedding feast, under the deer flag, headdresses, etc., so that we have a deeper understanding of the character of this character of loyalty and courage, hard work, thrift and simplicity, etiquette, and good creativity of the ethnic minorities have a deeper understanding.

Introduction to the customs of the ethnic groups Achang

Customs

Achang share Su Achang men wear blue, white or black lapel tops, under the black pants, there are also left lapel tops. Women's clothing is slightly different depending on the place, every festival event like to wear a variety of silver jewelry. Married women generally wear skirts and narrow, long-sleeved lapel coats with green cloth wrapped around the head; unmarried women wear pants with light-colored lapel coats and plaits. Food is mainly rice, potatoes, vegetables, meat, etc., acidophilic food. In the past, young men and women had the habit of chewing betel nut, and their teeth were often stained black. Housing is mostly brick, wood and stone structure of the courtyard building, the main house to live, both sides of the compartment upstairs pile of food and other means of subsistence, downstairs is a pigsty, cattle pen. The houses in the village are relatively neat. Walled traffic between the main road are generally stone or gravel road, easy to get to and from. Men go out and carry with them bags and long knives. Men and women are used to carrying goods on their shoulders, and mules and horses are used for long-distance transportation. The Achang people are generally monogamous small families, free love before marriage, prevalent "string of girls", but the conclusion of marriage arranged by parents. In the past, the Achang generally did not marry people with the same surname, but intermarriage with the Han, Dai and other ethnic groups has long been more common. The system of transferring houses to the husband's brother's marriage is prevalent. Widows can remarry, but can not take away the husband's property, and their children to the husband's family support. The people who died were generally buried, and those who died unnatural deaths had to be cremated.

The Achang people are cheerful and hospitable. Their hospitality rituals prevailed in the use of tea altar, which is a kind of earthenware utensils to cook tea. To the Achang home to guests, the host will first take out the wine pot to pour a small cup of wine for the guests to wash the dust, and then take out the tea altar, put on the tea, pour boiling water, put on the charcoal fire to cook for a while, and after cooking, poured into the teacups, the hosts and guests together to drink tea and talk.

The Bai people

Customs

The Bai people basically practiced monogamous small family system. Sons are separated after marriage, and parents generally live from their youngest son. In the landlord class, there are a few "four generations of the same family". There was no intermarriage between members of the same clan and the same family name, but cousin marriages between aunts and uncles were routinely practiced. Marriages were generally arranged by the parents and had to be suitable for the family. Those who have a daughter but no children can take on a family member, and those who have no children but no daughters can also take on the children of their brothers of the same clan (inbreeding) or adopt a son. The adopted sons-in-law and adopted children must change their names to obtain the right to inherit property.

The Bai people in the Yuan Dynasty before the prevalence of cremation. After the Yuan Dynasty, it was changed to earth burial due to the influence of the Han Chinese. The funeral ceremonies are generally more solemn.

The Bai people in the Pingba area eat rice and wheat, while those in the mountainous areas are mainly corn and foster children. Bai people like to eat sour, cold, spicy and other flavors, good at curing ham, bowfin, oil chicken brown, pork liver vinegar and other dishes, but also like to eat a distinctive flavor of the "raw meat" or "raw skin", that is, the pork roasted into a half-raw half-cooked, shredded meat, accompanied by ginger, garlic, vinegar, etc., mixed and eaten. Eat. The Bai people also like to drink roasted tea.

Bai clothing, slightly different from place to place. Dali and other central areas of men wrapped in white or blue head wraps, dressed in white lapel coat and black collar, wearing white pants, shoulder hanging embroidered with beautiful patterns of hanging bags. Dali area women mostly wear white blouse, jacket black or purple velvet lab coat, under the blue wide pants, waist tie with embroidered flower belt short waist, foot wearing embroidered "hundred sections of shoes", arm ring twisted silk silver bracelet, finger with enameled silver ring, earrings silver jewelry shirt over-weight with silver "three bearded ", "five beard"; married people pulling buns, unmarried people hanging plaits in the back or plaits in the head, are wrapped in embroidered, printed, or colorful towels of the head.

The form of Bai housing, the dam area is mostly "long three rooms", lined with kitchen, stables and thatched houses with yards, or "a positive two ears", "three sides of a wall", "four and five patio" of the tile house, bedroom, kitchen, stables are separated. Mountainous areas are mostly on the downstairs stables of the straw room, "flash" room, gabion room or "wood pallet room", cooking and sleeping places are often linked together.

The Baoan People

Customs

The customs of the Baoan people are obviously subject to the constraints of the religious rules of the *** religion. At the same time, due to the long history of intermingling with neighboring ethnic groups, they have been influenced to a certain extent by foreign cultures, especially the Hui and Han peoples.

In the past, the Security Guard families were mostly patriarchal. Now, they have been completely replaced by monogamous small families. Parents are the absolute authority in the family, and their children's marriages are arranged by parents. Before liberation, the Bao'an did not intermarry with non-*** ethnic groups, and intermarriage between different sects was rare. It is customary to marry early. It was customary to marry at an early age and to obtain the permission of the head of the religion. However, this situation has now changed. From the time of the man's marriage proposal to the time of the marriage, at least two dowry gifts have to be sent, and the gifts are very heavy. The first time when the marriage is proposed, it is called "fixed tea"; the second time before the wedding is held, it is called "dry gift". Marriage in the "main hemp day". Bride after the door, three days do not eat the husband's family meal, but ...... >>

Folkways and customs of the Daur ethnic group in the north of the Daur people have the habit of New Year's Eve, the Spring Festival, people dressed in festive attire, visit each home, congratulate each other. Each family is equipped with steamed cake, the New Year's visit to the door, the host with steamed cake hospitality. "Cake" in Chinese and "high" resonance, to cake hospitality, said each other in the new year, the standard of living further improved. During the festival, the Daur people also held songs and dances, sports activities, has lasted half a month.

The population of Daur According to the sixth census in 2010, *** has a population of 131,992. According to the 2000 census, the total population of Daur ethnic group of 132,400 people, compared with 10 years ago 'four universal', Daur population increased by 10,900 people, the growth rate of 9.00%, the average annual growth rate of 0.83%. Among the Daur population, there are 69,200 people in towns and cities, accounting for 52.25% of the total population; 63,200 people in villages, accounting for 47.75% of the total population. Compared with 10 years ago, the urban population ratio of the Daur ethnic group has declined by 5.43 percentage points. According to the 2000 census, among the Daur population aged 15 and over, 70.39% were married, 59.89% were in first marriages, 3.68% were remarried, 1.67% were divorced, and 5.15% were widowed. During the period of November 1, 1999-October 31, 2000, the number of births of the Daur ethnic group in the country was 1090 (projected from the long form), and the total fertility rate was 0.90. The sex ratio at birth was 118.00, of which the sex ratio at birth of one child was 145.95, that of the second child was 18.18, and that of the third child 150.00. During the period of November 1, 1999-October 31, 2000, the number of first marriages was 70.39%, the number of remarriages was 3.68%, and the divorce rate was 1.67%, and the widowhood rate was 5.15%. In the period from November 1, 1999 to October 31, 2000, the number of deaths among the Daur ethnic group nationwide was 813, of which 551 were men and 262 were women. The crude death rate was 6.15 per 1,000, of which 8.40 per 1,000 were males and 3.94 per 1,000 females, the infant mortality rate was 14.19 per 1,000, and life expectancy was 66.80 years. According to the 2010 Sixth Population Census, the Daur population is mainly found in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang Province, and the Xinjiang ****er Autonomous Region, with a total of 122,068 people; these three provinces (autonomous regions) accounted for 92.48% of the country's Daur population in 2010, and there are Daur populations in all 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in mainland China. Moli Dawa Daur Autonomous Region, Meiris Daur District has a Daur population of 41,229, Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the Daur population accounted for 90.45% of the Daur population in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2010, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, the Daur settlement, the city of Daur population accounted for 70.43% of the province's Daur population in 1982, Xinjiang *** Er Autonomous Region, the city of Qiqihar City, the city of Daur population accounted for 70.43% of the province's Daur population in 1982, and the city of Xinjiang *** Er Autonomous Region, the province of Xinjiang *** Er Autonomous Region. 43%, and Tacheng District in the Xinjiang ***er Autonomous Region, where the Daur population resides, accounted for 77.55% of the region's Daur population in 2010. According to the 2000 census, the Daur ethnic group is found in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, with the main concentration in Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang, **** 120,800 people, accounting for 91.24% of the total Daur population. In addition, the Daur population of more than 1,000 people in the region of Liaoning and Xinjiang. Moli Dawa Banner is known as "the hometown of soybeans" reputation. 1978, the banner's total grain output exceeded 100 million pounds. 1983 was identified by the State Ministry of Commerce as a commodity grain production base county. 1989, across the country into the ranks of the top 100 counties of grain production. 2002, Moli Dawa Banner's total grain output reached 1.242 billion pounds, an increase of 137 million pounds in 1978. In 2005, Moli Dawa Banner produced 1.63 billion jin of grain. 2005, the total sown area of 36 Daur villages in Heilongjiang Province reached 36107 hectares, of which 26881 hectares were planted with grain crops, producing 113729 million jin of grain. In 2005, the total sown area of 36 Daur villages in Heilongjiang Province reached 36107 hectares, of which 26881 hectares were planted with grain crops, producing 113,729 tons of grain; 6831 hectares were planted with green special cash crops, producing 8729 tons; and the income from agriculture was 170,620,000 Yuan, which is about 39.16% of the total annual income. "Hala" is the Daur clan organization, is a patrilineal blood relations as a bond and social groups. Each "Hara" has its own settlement, for example, "Guo Bole Hara" lives in the valley of the Budan River, a tributary of the lower reaches of the Jingqili River, and "Ora Hara" lives in the valley of the Tiladen River, a tributary of the middle reaches of the Jingqili River, and so on. The "Orakhara" live in the middle reaches of the Jinkiri River. People belonging to the same "Hara" are all related by blood, so intermarriage is strictly prohibited. Each "Hala" have democratically elected "Hala da" (clan chief), management of internal affairs of the clan. The end of the Qing dynasty, Daur people to "Hala" as a unit for collective hunting activities, is the clan organization *** with the production, the average distribution of the remnants of custom. With the development of production and population increase, "Hala" scale ...... >>