Why did 5,000-year-old ancient culture originate from the Yellow River?

Because Chinese civilization originated in the Yellow River Basin ~

The Yellow River is the birthplace of the Chinese nation. 654.38+05,000 years ago, the Western Houdu Ape appeared in Ruicheng County near the Yellow River in Shanxi Province. /kloc-Lantian ape-man 0/10,000 years ago and Dali ape-man 300,000 years ago were fishing and hunting on the banks of the Yellow River. Early Homo sapiens appeared in Ding Cun, Xiangfen, Shanxi 70,000 years ago; Late Homo sapiens appeared in Dagouwan, Uxin Banner, Inner Mongolia 30,000 years ago. The sites of microlithic culture 10000-7000, Neolithic culture/7000-3700, bronze culture/3700-2700 and iron culture/770 BC are almost all over the Yellow River basin. Since the Middle Stone Age, the Yellow River Basin has become the development center of ancient culture in China, which has opened the prelude to the development of the Yellow River civilization.

Yellow river culture

The formation period of the Yellow River civilization was roughly between 4000 BC and 2000 BC, which lasted for two thousand years. During this period, many regional civilizations appeared in China, such as Chengdu Plain Civilization, Jianghan Civilization, Taihu Civilization in the Yangtze River Basin, etc. Its representative archaeological cultures include Daxi Culture, Qujialing Culture, Shijiahe Culture, Songze Culture and Liangzhu Culture. There are Gan Qing civilization, Central Plains civilization and Haidai civilization in the Yellow River basin, and its representative archaeological cultures are Yangshao culture, Central Plains Longshan culture, Dawenkou culture, Shandong Longshan culture and Majiayao culture. There is Yanshan civilization in the northeast, and the representative archaeological culture is mainly Hongshan Culture. All regional civilizations have developed to a fairly high level, which is highly respected by the academic community. But later, some civilizations were interrupted and some civilizations went to a low tide. Only the Yellow River civilization, like the mainstay, is full of vigor and vitality, absorbs and integrates the essence of regional civilization and develops to a higher level. Corresponding to the above archaeological culture are the five emperors in the history of China, namely the Yellow Emperor, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun and Tai Hao and Shao Hao in Haidai. According to documents, their ethnic groups mainly multiplied, lived and developed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, creating a splendid early civilization of the Yellow River. At this time, the society was full of nationalities, battlements, socialization of agricultural production, specialization of handicrafts and standardization of etiquette. The polarization between the rich and the poor, the emergence of classes, and the rapid development of culture and art at this time, the Yellow River civilization is in the formation period of great blending, which can be called the primary stage of national civilization or Chinese civilization.

The development period of the Yellow River civilization is its sublimation stage. In terms of time, it is mainly Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. At this time, the Yellow River civilization was mainly concentrated in the Great Central Plains in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and the culture in the Great Central Plains was the center of the Yellow River civilization. Heluo culture in Central Plains is the core of Yellow River civilization. Heluo region generally includes the inner included angle continent and the outer included angle continent at the intersection of the Yellow River and Luohe, as well as the south of Shanxi and the north of Henan on the north bank of the Yellow River. Heluo cultural circle can extend to Guanzhong in the west and reach eastern Henan in the east. In the Heluo cultural circle, there are not only rich legends and relics of the Five Emperors, but also the capitals of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Archaeological findings show that the capitals belonging to this dynasty include the ancient city of the original Bafang site in Dengfeng Wang Chenggang, the ancient city of Xinmi Xinzhai, the Erlitou site in Yanshi, Zhengzhou Mall, Yanshi Shixianggou Mall, Anyang Yinxu Mall and Huanbei Mall, as well as the remains of the capitals of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty discovered in Shaanxi and Luoyang. The capitals of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties are all in Heluo area. Therefore, Heluo culture is not only a kind of regional culture, but also a kind of Wang Du culture that lasts for about two thousand years, and it is the core carrier of the Yellow River civilization. At this historical stage, the political power system has emerged, with relatively mature state institutions, relatively perfect ritual and music systems and relatively standardized writing. Science and technology, agriculture, handicrafts and commercial trade have developed rapidly, and the epoch-making bronze culture is famous at home and abroad. There are Bashu culture, Wuyue culture, Chu culture, Yanzhao culture and Qilu culture around Heluo culture. Through communication, absorption and integration, Heluo culture has been injected with vitality and become more active on the historical stage. During this period, many immortal works appeared, such as China's earliest collection of poems, The Book of Songs, and the philosophical Book of Changes. Schools such as Taoism, Confucianism, Mohism, Legalism, Military strategists and famous artists, which have influenced China for thousands of years, have mushroomed in Heluo area, creating a golden age for a hundred schools of thought to contend in China. Heluo culture enriched the content of Yellow River civilization and injected fresh blood. The light of civilization lit up the east of Asia, which not only lagged far behind the north and south of the Great Wall, but also enjoyed a high reputation in the world at that time.

The heyday of the Yellow River civilization is the historical stage of entering the feudal imperial civilization. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty, Heluo region was at the core for more than a thousand years. The culture of imperial capital promotes the great progress of national science and culture. Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, abolished feudalism, established a county, shared the same car and book, and unified measurement. Han inherited the Qin system, which further standardized, improved and popularized this great civilization creation. Confucianism and Taoism in the pre-Qin period have been inherited and carried forward in all previous dynasties. Sinology is an important school founded by scholars in the Han Dynasty, with a long history and great influence. Their achievements in Confucian classics have always been regarded as classics by later scholars. Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty played an important role in shaping the character of the Chinese nation. Imperial academy is the earliest institution of higher learning in China, located in Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with a maximum of more than 30,000 students. After Cao Wei and the Western Jin Dynasty, a large number of talents were trained for all parts of the country, and many outstanding figures appeared. Astronomical calendar, agronomy, geoscience, medicine, water conservancy, machinery, architecture, smelting, ceramics, brewing, textile, paper making, movable type printing and other technologies have all created historical miracles; Han Fu, Tang Poetry, Song Poetry, Calligraphy, Painting, Sculpture, etc. They all climbed to the peak of culture and art; Various historical books handed down from later generations are voluminous, recording the history of the rise and fall of dynasties and social development from ancient times to the present. The famous Silk Road began in Xi in the Western Han Dynasty and in Luoyang from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Xi and Luoyang were international metropolises for foreign cultural exchange and commercial trade. Therefore, the Han and Tang civilizations in the history of China are world-renowned. This fully shows that the Yellow River civilization has indeed developed into a new historical stage. The core of this highly prosperous Yellow River civilization is indeed within the scope of Heluo culture.

The main body of Chinese civilization is the Yellow River civilization, with its center in the Central Plains and its core in the Heluo cultural circle. The greatest characteristics of Heluo culture are shown in the following three aspects: First, the continuity of the national capital culture. During the formation of the Yellow River civilization, the Yellow Emperor had bears, Zhuan Xu was the capital of Diqiu, and Pingyang and Shundu Puban in Du Yao; During the development of Yellow River civilization, Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Yangcheng, Yangzhai, Zhuan and Laoqiu were the capitals of Bo, Yi, Xiang and Yin, while Fenghao and Luoyi were the capitals of Zhou. Xi 'an, Luoyang and Kaifeng were the capitals of the Western Han Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty in the imperial era when the Yellow River civilization was at its peak. The above capitals are all in the Heluo cultural circle, and the history of establishing the capital for thousands of years has formed a capital culture with great influence. This is the most prominent feature of Heluo culture. Second, the deep-rooted culture is another feature of Heluo culture, and the source of many civilizations is in this area. For example, the earliest country is here, and the four key points identified by the civilization traceability project started in recent years, such as Taosi in Linfen, Guzhen Village in Zhengzhou, Xinzhai and Wang Chenggang, are also here, and Chinese characters such as River Map, Luoshu and Yijing, which are regarded as the source of traditional culture and one of the important ties of Chinese culture, are also produced here. Due to various historical reasons, a large number of people in the Central Plains migrated in all directions, even overseas. According to the research of surnames experts, among the hundreds of surnames in China, there are more than 70 surnames whose ancestral home or roots are in the Central Plains. Nowadays, overseas Chinese, especially overseas Chinese, call themselves "Heluolang" and come to seek roots to worship their ancestors. Heluo area has become a holy land for cultural roots and surname roots. Third, the idea of great unification is deeply rooted and forms traditional national genes. The national personality that is good at absorption, tolerance, openness and cohesion is fully reflected in Heluo culture, but the most prominent one is the unified national gene. For thousands of years, people have waged unremitting struggles and made brilliant achievements in safeguarding national unity and strength and opposing separatism. This excellent tradition has now become the rock-solid cohesion and soul of the whole Chinese nation.