What are the characteristics of Dai houses?

Question 1: What are the characteristics of houses in Xishuangbanna (Dai)? Dai people in Xishuangbanna live in Dai buildings. The house is made of wood and divided into two floors. People live on it, and the bedroom is not allowed. This is their custom. Then, raise livestock, park, put debris and so on. Below, the houses of the Dai people are all earthquake-resistant. The more earthquakes, the stronger the houses.

Question 2: What are the characteristics of the Dai people? Last year, I went to Mengding, the hometown of the Dai people. I stayed there for a month, chatted with local village names and learned some Dai customs and traditions. Needless to say, the Songkran Festival. First of all, some houses in the village are almost as beautiful as villas where the economic conditions are ok. There are many old houses, although short, but also brick structure, very charming. Chatting with Wa people, Wa people are characterized by dark skin and are neighbors with Dai people. Wa people say that Dai people don't have a strong view of marriage, so don't look for Wa people when getting married. This was later confirmed by me. I chatted with the Dai people over tea and learned some customs of the Dai people. Dai boys and girls 12 years old are engaged according to local customs, 13 years old 18, 19 years old are single. The local family planning policy is very loose. Generally, couples have two children, regardless of gender. If they have another child, they will be fined three to five thousand yuan. They prefer boys to girls. For them, when two people get along, they live together. If you don't get along, find it yourself. As for who the child belongs to, who is willing to take it with him.

Question 3: What are the characteristics of Dai's house? This paper focuses on the characteristics of Hakka dwellings (camp style) and Dai bamboo buildings (environment) and bamboo buildings (building materials are economical, warm in winter and cool in summer, moisture-proof, waterproof and earthquake-resistant). Stimulate readers' interest in exploring folk culture.

Question 4: Advantages of Dai folk houses (1)

Dai people live by the water, surrounded by green trees in the stockade. Jinping still retains the traditional dry column architectural style. The top and bottom of bamboo buildings are made of logs, the floors and walls are made of bamboo pieces, and the roofs are covered with herringbone rafts. People live on the upper floor for summer, moisture and flood control, and livestock, farm tools and sundries are stacked on the lower floor. There is a ladder on each side of the bamboo building and a door on each side. Men go out through the door on the right and women go in through the left. Go up the bamboo building along the ladders on both sides, and there are corridors and terraces outside. The upstairs room is divided into three compartments: left, middle and right. Zuoge 'an has a kitchen pond, where women cook and have fun. There is a ancestral temple in Yogurt, where men chat; Zhongge is used to receive relatives and friends. A big room is surrounded by a bamboo fence, and the family is divided into beds and seats, separated only by mosquito nets.

Most of the houses along the Red River are flat-topped adobe houses, and a few have buildings. The roof is used as a balcony and a threshing floor, and people often sleep on the roof in hot summer. Divided into three compartments, people live on both sides, and the hall is used to receive guests. For a building that calls itself "Daiyou Luo", adjacent residents have no walls, but neighbors who call themselves "Daiyou Luo" and "Daiyou Luo" can be connected by walls and roofs. Most of the wood used for building houses is Yu Lian tree, red-skinned fruit tree, Huang Mu tree and five-eyed fruit tree. The Dai people in Yuanyang call Toona sinensis the king of trees, and the beams and columns in the middle of the hall must use Toona sinensis wood. I really can't find Toona sinensis wood, so I have to use Toona sinensis cork. They think that using Toona sinensis wood will make the house strong and the population prosperous.

Most of the Dai people in mainland China are tile houses with civil structures, which are no different from other local ethnic groups.

Water transportation in Dai areas is more convenient. Dai families on both sides of the Red River set up ferries to transport materials for passers-by. Now, although the main means of transportation are gradually replaced by cars, water transportation still plays an important role in their production and life.

(2)

Dai's residential building is a dry column building, also known as a high-rise building. Bamboo, wood and thatch are used as building materials, which are divided into upper and lower floors, with people living in the upper floor and livestock raising in the lower floor. In the hot and humid south, it is moisture-proof and breathable, and it can also prevent snakes, insects and wild animals. With the improvement of the living standards of the Dai people, there are many column buildings built with modern building materials such as masonry and cement in Manwell field Village, Jinghong. Column architecture has a long history, and the cultural relics unearthed in Yunnan show us the true face of column architecture in Yunnan during the Qin and Han Dynasties. Up to now, in the south of China, in addition to the Dai people, there are many other ethnic minorities living in this pole-column building.

Question 5: What are the characteristics of houses with different characteristics? Mushrooms, beautiful Hani mushroom house, dignified and steady Tibetan bunker. But what impressed me the most was the caves and Qiang Pagoda in northern Shaanxi.

Cave in northern Shaanxi

A long time ago, strong winds brought loess from far away to northern Shaanxi, creating this vast golden land. In this land, there are simple people, and the house they live in is the cave in northern Shaanxi that I want to introduce to you today.

This kind of cave is usually built on a hillside facing south. Xiangyang, with its back to the mountains. The door faces the clearing, and few trees cover it. Generally, only three to five caves are built in a hospital. In the middle is the main kiln, where sundries or small rooms are often placed on both sides, and food can also be stored.

Into the cave, there are stoves, pots and so on. There is a heatable adobe sleeping platform at the entrance of the cave. There is a fire hole in the middle of the heatable adobe sleeping platform, so that it won't feel cold in winter. This kind of cave is also very cool in summer, which is really warm in winter and cool in summer!

Qiangdiaolou

Qiang nationality is a minority in Sichuan, and their unique residence is Diaolou.

In Qiang language, Diaolou is called "Deng Cage", which means a beautiful and noble house.

Qiang people have the custom of "living by the mountain, building houses with stones, and the highest one is more than ten feet". The height of the watchtower is between ten and thirty meters. Used to guard against enemies and store food and firewood. Qiang people's houses are made of slate, flat-topped and square. Most of them are three floors, each floor is about three or four meters high. It has a strong traditional folk culture.

In short, each nation has its own characteristics, and different cultures have created different folk houses. But I think they are all simple and pure beauty!

8* Original text of residential houses with their own characteristics

Hakka dwellings

Thousands of round houses or earth buildings are scattered in the mountains of southwest Fujian and northeast Guangdong, and are known as "strange houses in the world".

Hakka people moved to the south from the prosperous areas of the ancient Central Plains, and most of them lived in remote mountainous areas. In order to guard against the harassment of bandits and the exclusion of local people, they built camp-style houses. On the way, they mixed lime, used glutinous rice and egg white as adhesives, and used bamboo chips and wooden strips as bones and muscles, and rammed earth buildings with wall thickness 1 m and height 15 m. Most of them are 3-6 floors, and100-more than 200 houses are arranged in orange petals, and the layout is uniform and magnificent. Most earth buildings have a history of 200-300 years or even 500-600 years. They have withstood numerous earthquakes, storms and artillery attacks, showing the charm of traditional architectural culture.

Hakka ancestors advocated the circle and thought it was a symbol of auspiciousness, happiness and peace. Houses surrounded by earth buildings are in a gossip layout, and there is a firewall between the hexagrams, which is uniform.

Hakka people show obvious cultural characteristics in managing their families, doing things, treating others and establishing a career. For example, many houses are engraved with such a couplet: "Inherit the frugality of our ancestors Deloitte, and inspire future generations to study and farm", which shows the ancestors' desire for their children and grandchildren to live in harmony and manage their families diligently.

The harmonious and thrifty character of Hakkas is worth learning, and the folk culture preserved in tulou makes people feel the profoundness and long history of China traditional culture.

Daijiazhulou

When you set foot on the land where the Dai people live, you enter the green world. From a distance, green bamboos and oil palm forests cover the sky. From time to time, the sound of chickens and dogs came from the depths of the bamboo forest, but there was no village or house. Obviously, all bamboo buildings are hidden in dense green bamboo forests.

Bamboo House is a traditional architectural form of Dai people. The Dai residential area is located in the subtropical zone with high ground temperature. It is said that bamboo buildings are good for heatstroke prevention and moisture prevention. Therefore, the Dai people still maintain the habit of "living with many bamboo buildings by the water".

There are as many as 10, 20, 200 and 300 Dai villages, all of which are made up of bamboo houses with their own characteristics. There are shelterbelts around the village. Every bamboo house is surrounded by bamboo fences. There are all kinds of flowers, trees and fruit trees in the fence. It can be described as "the village is full of trees and the garden is full of flowers". There is a large open space under the bamboo building as a yard. The whole bamboo building is square and divided into upper and lower floors. People live upstairs, and downstairs is generally used to put livestock and firewood. This bamboo building is supported by twenty to twenty-four pillars. The beams of the house pass through the columns. Some beams are engraved with patterns. Seven or eight feet from the ground floor or bamboo wall, the floor is divided into two floors. house

The roof is covered with thatched grass rows or sawdust, and in recent years it has been changed to tile roof.

If you visit Dai's house, walk into the bamboo fence and climb the wooden ladder, you will come to the corridor outside the house. As soon as you enter the door, there is a hall with a big bamboo mat in the middle, which is the center of family activities and the place to entertain guests. Both sides are bedrooms separated by wooden boards or bamboo sticks, and outsiders are not allowed to enter ... >>

Question 6: What are the architectural features of Dai bamboo buildings? Dai bamboo house is another kind of dry-column residence. Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, is the settlement of A Dai, and the terrain height difference changes greatly, with mountains in the north, plateaus in the east and plains in the west. The climate in the whole region is also very different. The altitude of mountain area is 1700 meters, which belongs to temperate climate. The plain is 750-900 meters above sea level and has a subtropical climate. Some valley plains only 500 meters above sea level belong to tropical climate. Most of the Dai people live in Pingba area, where there is no snow all year round and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is 265,438 0℃, regardless of the four seasons. So here, the dry column building is a very suitable form. Because bamboo is abundant in this area, many houses are built with bamboo, which is called bamboo house.

Take thick bamboo as the skeleton, bamboo woven strips as the wall, bamboo strips as the floor, or grass planks and roofs. Therefore, the material of the invention is simple and the construction is convenient and quick. The plane of the bamboo building is square, and there is no wall at the bottom, which is used for raising livestock and stacking sundries. There is a hall and bedroom upstairs, and there is a fire pit in the hall, which is a place to make tea and reunite with family. There is an open front porch and balcony outside. The front porch is the place where the host works, eats, rests and receives guests during the day. It is bright and airy. The terrace is the place where the owner washes clothes, dries clothes, cools crops and stores water tanks. This corridor is an indispensable part of bamboo architecture. Such a bamboo building can prevent moisture, heat and ventilation, avoid insects and animals, and avoid floods.

Because the rainfall here is concentrated every year, floods often occur, the downstairs is overhead, the walls are bamboo strips, and there are many gaps, so it is very conducive to the passage of floods. Dai people believe in Buddhism, and there are many superstitions and taboos. Almost every village has Buddhist temples. It is stipulated that houses are not allowed to be built on the opposite and side of Buddhist temples; The height of a private house is not allowed to exceed the countertop of a Buddhist temple. Due to the economic disparity, the villagers' houses can't be compared with the ancestors in size and quality, but many regulations have been formulated on building houses. For example, working people's houses can't be roofed, carved, have three porches, a hall can't use six lattice doors, and even the stairs are not allowed to be divided into two sections. The pillars upstairs and downstairs cannot be made of a long piece of wood, nor are they allowed to use stone pillars. These restrictions have really affected the technical development of residential buildings, making a large number of residential buildings unable to maintain a long life.

Question 7: What are the characteristics of housing in Thailand? Why do people build houses like this? Ganlan architecture is the characteristic of Dai folk houses. Most Dai people live in Pingba village near the rivers and lakes. The Dai bamboo house in Xishuangbanna is the most distinctive residential building. Each household has a bamboo house surrounded by bamboo fences to form its own courtyard. The bamboo building has two floors, the upper floor is inhabited by people, and the lower floor is used for raising livestock and stacking things.

Question 8: Housing characteristics of ethnic minorities 1. * * * Most houses of ethnic minorities are quadrangles, and the general doors are forbidden to open to the west. The house is square, the front porch is deep, and the yard is clean with flowers, grapes and fruit trees. Indoor heatable adobe sleeping platform is built, tapestries are hung on the walls, niches are opened, and various flower patterns are decorated. 2. Tujia houses are generally surrounded by mountains and rivers, and most people live in dry toilets. Have a plenty of diaojiao building or column hanging. 3. The traditional architectural form of Manchu is a low wall around the courtyard, with a shadow wall and a "single pole" for the gods. There are usually three or five houses. The houses of Dai people are single buildings, surrounded by open spaces, and each family has its own yard. Dai houses in mangshi and other places have multi-walled bungalows, each with three rooms, which are divided into bedroom and living room. Xishuangbanna is a totally dry building, with people living upstairs and livestock living below. A corner upstairs near the ladder is the master's bedroom, and the rest is the big studio for freshmen. In the center is a fire pit, where tea is made. Guests and friends get together to talk, and they all squat or sit by the fire. The roof is covered with tiles or boards, and the floors of beams, columns, doors and windows are all made of bamboo or boards. 5. In the history of the Shui people, the main fence "Mulou Caofang", which is quite similar to the Dai bamboo house, generally has three floors. In recent years, influenced by the local Han people, it also used local materials and built three "stone walls". 6. Bai folk houses have unique style and profound cultural accumulation. Residential buildings mostly adopt the format of "three squares and one wall" and "four entrances and five patios". They attach great importance to the decorative arts of gatehouse architecture and zhaobi, door and window carving and gable painting. The decoration of the gatehouse usually includes clay sculpture, wood carving, color painting, stone carving, marble screen embossed tiles and blue bricks. Carving beams and painting buildings, exquisite flowers, overlapping arches, vigorous and steady, beautiful and generous. 7. The houses where the Dulong people live are common dry bamboo houses and wooden houses in hot and humid areas such as Nujiang River Basin. Ganlan Muzhulou is commonly known as "Landing in thousands of feet". The walls of this house are just surrounded by bamboo rafts and covered with thatch. The whole building structure is simple. The climate in the north is colder than that in the south, and the cultivated land is relatively fixed. Therefore, the local houses are mostly wooden houses with wooden boards or whole logs. It is made of wood or wood boards stacked layer by layer, and four corner wall boards or wood are sawn into convex and concave teeth and fixed crosswise. 8. Naxi dwellings are generally tile houses with civil structures. The plane structure of buildings is mostly "three rooms and one wall", and wealthy families also have the layout of "four in one and five patios". Naxi nationality's "three rooms and one wall", the main room is higher, mainly for the elderly to live in, and the wings on both sides are slightly lower, and the next generation lives in it. In addition, there is a zhaobi opposite the main room, which seems to have clear priorities and coordinated layout. 9. Yao people's houses are generally underground houses, civil or bamboo structures, especially civil structures. But now, except for a few areas where the soil is not suitable for burning tiles, it is difficult to see thatched houses, and tile houses have replaced thatched houses. Tile grass is supported by columns and wooden frames and connected by tenons. The wall is an earth wall, the brick wall is combined with wooden boards, and the floor is an earth board or a cement-soil board. 10. In Hani houses, there is usually a big room in the middle of the main room as a hall. In Banna area, there is a parents' bedroom in the east of the hall, and there is a place to worship ancestors in the bedroom. Due to the differences in geography, economy and environment, Hani villages in Ailao Mountain and Wulian Mountain have formed several styles, such as thatched houses, earth palm houses, lime houses and tile houses. 1 1. Pumi villages are generally built on the gentle slope of the mid-levels, surrounded by pine forests. At ordinary times, twenty or thirty households are a village, and the distance between villages is very close. You can look at each other and listen to each other from the smoke in the kitchen. Houses are mostly wooden structures, and logs with a diameter of about 12 cm are piled on the walls. The wooden board is paved with herringbone double inclined roof. Two planks on the roof can be pulled, also called "skateboards". The four corners are columns, and a square column named "Optimus Prime" stands in the middle, which is considered to be the place where the gods are located. This kind of residence is commonly known as "wooden house" or "wooden foundation" in the local area. Houses are generally divided into upper and lower floors, with people living on the upper floor and livestock raising on the lower floor. There is a fire pond (commonly known as "Pot Village") in the house, surrounded by sleeping shops and a shrine (called "Zongbala") in the rear. This is the center of family activities, where people warm up, cook, sleep, perform religious sacrifices and receive guests. Cattle and sheep horns or eagle heads are hung outside the house to ward off evil spirits and wish livestock prosperity. Rich pumi people in Lanping, Lijiang and other places. It also imitates the style of Bai folk houses and builds brick-wood composite tile houses. 12. The house is built on the hill, and the housing area is expanded by 3-4 times on the basis of the fork house, with regular gates. Wood used in construction, such as buildings and cutting knives, needs to be roughed by means of tenon drilling and tenon sawing. The house is divided into one floor and one bottom, but the upstairs space is isosceles triangle, which is only equivalent to 1/2 of the downstairs space. The bedroom gradually separated from the fireplace. 13. Living in the dam ... >>