Who can recommend me a novel involving the myth of China?

China's earliest mythological novel was Shan Hai Jing in the pre-Qin period.

A Brief Introduction to Shan Hai Jing

Wonderful book of Shan Hai Jing

Shan Hai Jing is one of the oldest fantastic books of the Chinese nation. It has the following characteristics:

First, Shan Hai Jing [1] is a book describing pictures.

Liu Xicheng pointed out in the preface of Holographic Comparison of Mountains and Seas (1): "The records and expositions of Flowing Mountains and Seas 13 by Tao Yuanming, a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Pictures are also in the shape of cattle and in fear of beasts by Guo Pu show that as early as the Warring States period more than 2,000 years ago, they all said that the part of the Sea Classic was Ma Initiative (2) also thinks: "The mother of The Classic of Mountains and Seas may have pictures, and it (or its main part) is a book with pictures as its text (with pictures before texts). The ancient paintings were lost and the words were handed down, which is the "Shan Hai Jing" we saw. " Liu Zongdi (3) wrote: "The absurdity and myth of Hai Jing are closely related to the special origin of this book and are unique among ancient books. Simply put, this book is a picture-depicting work, that is to say, the Sea Classic we see today has a picture before the book, and the contents in the book are a portrayal of the contents in a picture. The characters in Shan Hai Jing are characterized by less static description, more dynamic description, more spatial orientation and less time process. In fact, predecessors have long noticed this point, and Zhu, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, was the first to point it out. However, predecessors have the same misunderstanding on this point, that is, the whole Shan Hai Jing, including Shan Hai Jing, has pictures. In fact, it is impossible to draw all-encompassing knowledge of natural history like Mountain Classic, not to mention it records the sounds and habits of many animals. How are these contents represented by pictures? Unless there was such multimedia technology in ancient times. However, the picture that Hai Jing relied on has long been lost. The Classic of Mountains and Seas that we saw today is illustrated, which is strange and dazzling. It's just that later generations added it according to the contents of the book, which is completely different from the ancient paintings I said. "

Second, The Classic of Mountains and Seas retains a large number of ancient historical materials.

Shan Hai Jing has always been regarded as "absurd" by most people. Even Sima Qian, a historian who dared to break the shackles of Shangshu and push the ancient history of China to Emperor Yanhuang, said that "the monsters in Benji and Shanhaijing dare not speak". The reason for this view seems to be related to the writing process of Shan Hai Jing from pictures to characters. For example, Overseas East longitude records that there are two workers and worms in the north, each with two songs. One is in the north of the country of scholars. " According to the writing process of Shan Hai Jing, there is a rainbow in the north of Scholar's Country in Shan Hai Jing Tu, indicating that rainbows are often seen there. The hieroglyphics at that time should be similar to the rainbow characters in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, both of which are the images of a rainbow with two heads (see Xiong's Shuo Wen Jie Zi). Later, when the ancients wrote Shan Hai Jing according to the map of Shan Hai Jing, hundreds of years passed, and the author was not necessarily a philologist. At this time, the rainbow character of the rainbow has become a "work bug", so I describe the rainbow as a "work bug" and hope to describe it with "two poems each" in the literal sense, so that future generations can't know whether it is a rainbow on the horizon or a monster with only two heads. So even Sima Qian said, "I dare not speak."

It is precisely because of the so-called absurdity of Shan Hai Jing that for thousands of years, the book has neither been recorded in official history nor circulated by various schools of thought, so it has rarely been changed by future generations, and has largely preserved its original features and many precious ancient materials and information.

Thirdly, Shan Hai Jing is related to the Yi people in the East.

Jin Rongquan (4) pointed out in the article Textual Research on Emperor Jun and His Divine System: "Emperor Jun is a mysterious god in ancient China mythology. His deeds are not recorded in the official history, nor are they circulated by other scholars, but are recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, especially in the two classics "Wild" and "Hainei". Investigating its origin and vein, it is obvious that it does not belong to the lineage of Yandi or Huangdi. It is the third lineage that coexists with the two lineages of Yan and Huang. There are different opinions about the position of Emperor Jun among the ancient gods in China today. However, it is generally believed that the emperor is the ancestor of the ancient oriental nation, and this view is consistent, because most of the activities of the emperor and the countries of his descendants recorded in Shan Hai Jing are in the East.

Xu (5) said: "Di Jun is the most prominent figure in Shan Hai Jing. There are as many as sixteen things about him (in the classics, only Emperor Zhuan Xu has as many as seventeen things, but he has seen three things about the burial place of Mrs. Jiu, and only fifteen things are left. In addition, there are ten things about Huangdi, four things about Yan Di, three things about Di Ku, two things about Yaodi, eight things about Shun Di, Danzhu, Di Jiang and Di Hong. The rest of the people don't have an emperor's name). Through these sixteen stories of Di Jun, we can see that, firstly, he is omniscient, east and west, north and south; Second, almost all the important inventions in ancient times came from his descendants; Third, many clans, including Ji, Jiang and Yao, were separated by him. Fourth, the sun is his son and the moon is his daughter. Under him, there are "a face, a dog's ear, a beast's body, two green snakes, named Shebi corpse" and "colorful bird".

Liu Xiang (Xin) wrote The Classic of Mountains and Seas in the Western Han Dynasty (VI): "People who wrote The Classic of Mountains and Seas, when they left Tang Yu, ... left Kyushu as a tribute and benefited from the good and evil of other things, and wrote The Classic of Mountains and Seas, which was mostly said by later generations. According to the preface of Bi Yuan's New Edition of Shan Hai Jing in Qing Dynasty, Shan Hai Jing is said to be "written in Yu Yi and described in Qin Zhou". But later generations think that Shan Hai Jing was not written by one person, but by Zhou people, Qi people and Chu people. Liu Zongdi (7) thinks that "the ancients' statements about Yu Yi's Classic of Mountains and Seas are not credible, but they are not necessarily groundless". Since ancient times, "gods do not classify, and people do not worship non-races." Some historical materials in The Classic of Mountains and Seas, especially the humanistic, historical and geographical materials reflecting the deeds of the emperor's great power, came from the nation of Boyi or Dongyi Boyi, so there should be no big mistake.

Fourthly, Shan Hai Jing consists of two parts.

Gu (8) thinks: "The Classic of Mountains and Seas has been handed down to this day, and the Classic of Mountains and Seas is integrated into one; Sea Classics can be divided into two categories, one is the foreign four classics and the domestic four classics, the other is the wild four classics and the domestic four classics. The two sets of records are almost the same, and they are all illustrated by a picture. So it can be said that it is two records of one thing. " Modern research agrees with this view. Wang Ning said in the Division of Mountains and Seas Classics that "the Wild Four Classics is actually another version of the overseas Four Classics". Therefore, in the textual research of Shan Hai Jing, wild east longitude and overseas east longitude can confirm each other.

Fifth, the order of geographical description in Shan Hai Jing is different from that in reality.

The sequence of Shan Hai Jing is south, west, north and east, which may be related to the ancient custom of "Far North". In other words, the ancient map of mountains and seas is different from the current geographical map in orientation. Take the overseas Tang Valley King in East longitude as an example: "Black is red in the north and black in the north, eating rice snakes, one red and one green, beside. On the one hand, in northern Shu Hai, people are blackheads, eat rice to make snakes, and a snake is red. " . Hao Yixing said, "When it gets dark, you should take your teeth off. Wang Yi noticed that Chu Ci called a soul cloud: "Hei Chi, his teeth are all black. Gao's "Huainan Falling Training" says: "He is a black fool who eats rice and spits snakes, but he is in the Tang Valley. "This is a proof that there are teeth in ancient books." Tangguxia. There is a hibiscus flower in the Tang Valley where I bathed for ten days, which is in the north of Blackpool. Living in the water, there are big trees, No.9 lives in the lower branch, and 1 lives in the upper branch. "

The above records clearly show that in the map of mountains and seas, Heichizhou is on the top (south) of the map and Tanggu is on the bottom (north) of Heichizhou. This provides direction coordinates for the textual research of Shan Hai Jing.

Based on the above background and principles, we studied the archaeological data and historical and geographical documents of the Longshan period in southeastern Shandong (the leader of Dongyi tribe in the late Longshan culture was Boyi), and investigated the humanities, scenery and mountain geography in the coastal areas of southeastern Shandong. We find that the area described in Overseas East longitude is very consistent with the geographical features of the Yi people in Shangshu and the type distribution of Longshan culture drug king city in Haidai area. The report reads as follows:

Types and regional distribution of Longshan culture drug king city in Haidai area

Wang Shougong (10) pointed out in the book Longshan Culture in Shandong: "The types of drug king cities are mainly distributed in the southeast of Shandong, Shan Zhinan and the east of Mengshan. The terrain of this area is mainly hilly, with a large area of valley plain in the middle. The west and north sides of this type are adjacent to Yinjiacheng type and Yaoguanzhuang type respectively, east to the Yellow Sea, and the south boundary is about north of Longhai Railway. The administrative divisions include Linyi and Rizhao and part of the northeast corner of Jiangsu. " "According to the distribution characteristics of the site, it can be speculated that Rizhao and Linyi are the centers of the types of Yaowangcheng. The geographical environment here is characterized by flat terrain, fertile land and many rivers, and the ancient environment is not much different from the present. Archaeological findings show that the Longshan cultural sites here are very dense and there are many large-scale sites. "

Yaowangcheng type is also called Shuangcheng type. Zhang Xuehai (1 1) pointed out in his article "On the Ancient Cultural City of Judi": "The Longshan Culture of Judi belongs to the type of twin cities. This type of range is generally in the southeast of Yimeng Mountain and east of Nishan Mountain, with Yishu River Basin in the southeast of Shandong Province as the center, JIAOZHOU, Laoshan and Qingdao in the east of Shandong Province in the north and Huaibei in Jiangsu Province in the south. It is one of the main local types of Longshan culture. In addition to the Silongshan settlement group, there are also the middle reaches of Yishu River in the east of Linyi, yi river River in the west of Linyi, the northeast of Feixian County, the middle reaches of Beng River Basin, the upper reaches of yi river in the east of Yinan, the north of Linyi and the southwest of Juxian County, the south half of Cangshan Mountain and the southeast of Zaozhuang. In addition, there seems to be a small group in the north of Zhucheng, the south of Gaomi County and the southwest of jiaozhou city, the northeast of jiaozhou city in the east and Qingdao. There should also be two or three small groups in Linshu and Tancheng in the south, and the neighboring Ganyu, Donghai and Xinyi in Jiangsu, with a total of 1 1 settlement groups. There are more than 450 sites in Shandong alone, accounting for more than one-third of the total number of Longshan sites in Shandong. "

Therefore, the distribution area of Yaowangcheng (two cities) Longshan culture starts from Guanyun County, Jiangsu Province in the south and reaches the eastern coastal area of Qingdao, Shandong Province in the north. The large-scale Longshan cultural sites in this area are basically concentrated in Rizhao area, such as Yaowangcheng site, Liangcheng site, Duanjiahe site, Donghaiyu site, etc., and there are also large Dawenkou cultural sites, such as Lingyanghe site and Dantu site. Therefore, Rizhao area is the key area of Yaowangcheng type.

Yi people's vision in Shangshu

According to Shang Shu Yao Dian, the Tang Valley (Yigu) where xi bathed in sunshine was in a place called Yiyi. "What's life, Qin Re day people learn, calendar, such as the sun, the moon and the stars, teach people. Life is divided into the west and China, and the family is broken and the valley is broken. " Kong Anguo noted the cloud: "The land of Dongyi is called Yi."

And Yiyi is in Qingzhou, east of China. "Shang Gong" said: "The sea and wearing only Qingzhou: Yi Yi is short, Wei and Zi have their own way." Shangshu He also said: "Shanghai, Dai and Huai are only Xuzhou. Huai Yi's art, Yu Meng's art; Xiao Ye is a pig ... floating in Huai Si and reaching for the river (Holland) ". Some people in history think that sunshine belongs to Xuzhou. According to the Book of History. According to Yugong, the Yihe River basin undoubtedly belongs to Xuzhou, but Rizhao area is east of Shuhe River, which seems not to belong to Xuzhou. Because Xuzhou people are called Huaiyi and Xu Yi in Gong Yu in history. If Rizhao belongs to Xuzhou, then the ancestor of Rizhao should be Huai Yi, which is obviously inconsistent with historical records. There is no record of a pregnant woman in Rizhao area in history and legend.

According to the map of Kyushu, Gong Yu (12) in Sikuquanshu compiled during the Southern Song Dynasty or the Qing Qianlong period, Rizhao area belongs to Qingzhou. The picture is bounded by Mount Tai, Mengshan and Yushan, with Qingzhou in the north and Huaiyi in Xuzhou in the south, including Rizhao area.

The northern border between Iraq and the United States is located in the center of Qingdao, and the nearby Sanlihe River in jiaozhou city was once the capital of Ju Gu. Mr. Wang Shougong of Shandong Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology pointed out in his book Longshan Culture in Shandong Province: "Among the four geographical units in Shandong Province, the landforms of North China Plain and Jiaolai Plain have undergone great changes. Only Taiyi Mountain System and Jiaodong Hills have basically maintained their original appearance. During the period of Longshan culture, Taiyi Mountain system belonged to the Huaihe River system and Jishui River system in the north and south, and the cultural features of the two basins were very different. Jiaodong region has its own independent cultural characteristics since ancient times, because Jiaolai Plain is ocean, river, lake and swamp, which has affected the cultural exchange between Jiaodong region and the hinterland of Shandong. Longshan culture in Jiaodong area belongs to Yangjialu type. In other words, during the Longshan culture period, Jiaolai Plain, which was still a land of ocean or swamp, blocked the connection between southeastern Shandong and Jiaodong hilly area. The type of Yaowangcheng is Yi, while the type of Yangjia Road is Yes, so Qingdao has become the northeast border of Yaowangcheng.

The southern boundary of the Yi people can reach Guanyun County and its surrounding areas in Jiangsu Province. Archaeological results show that Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture in southeast Shandong have been extended to Guanyun County, Lianyungang City. Shan Hai Jing. It is recorded in Haineijing: "Crossing a boat in the sea is called Yuzhou." He Guangyue (13) thinks that most of Yuzhou (Yuntai Mountain near Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, formerly known as Yuzhou) is where Yuyi people live. In other words, the southern boundary of the corner is in Guanyun County, Jiangsu Province. This is not only consistent with the map of Kyushu, Gong Yu, but also supported by underground archaeological results. And the culture of this region is precisely the scope of the type of Longshan culture drug king city.

Textual research on geographical views of overseas countries in east longitude

(1) The geographical trend described in Overseas East longitude is consistent with the geographical trend of the southeast coast of Shandong.

East longitude overseas: "those who go overseas from southeast to northeast" Described the coastal countries from southeast to northeast.

"Wild East longitude" "The Grand Canyon beyond the East China Sea, the country of Shao Hao. Zhuan Xu, the Emperor of Wu Ru, left the piano here. Have Gam San, sweet water Chu Yan, born in Gan Yuan ". Because the wild east longitude is also described from southeast to northeast, the country (administrative map) of Shao Hao can be understood as the general name of the area described by the wild east longitude.

The archaeological culture of Yaowangcheng in the Longshan era in southeastern Shandong, starting from Guanyun County, Jiangsu Province in the south and reaching Qingdao City in the north, is called Shangshu. The location of the Yi people is just from southeast to northeast (figure 2, summer map), so the description of overseas east longitude is precisely the distribution of archaeological culture of Yaowangcheng in the eastern coastal area.

② Among the overseas east longitude and wild east longitude recorded in Fang Guo, four countries can find clear historical evidence.

1, extravagant corpse country

"Overseas East longitude" "The luxury corpse country is in the north, with a body, a face, big ears and two green snakes. The body of Ganyu is in the north of adults. "

"Wild East longitude": "There is a god, a face, a dog's ear, a beast and two green snakes, which is called a luxurious corpse".

Ganyu is Ganyu, and Ganyu's body is Ganyu's person. Zheng He, former vice chairman of Ganyu County, Jiangsu Province, and Wang, a reporter from Lianyungang Daily, hold this view.

However, this Ganyu may be today's Ganyu or ancient Yuzhou's Ganyu. Shan Hai Jing. Middle East Sutra in the Sea: "Crossing a boat in the sea. A country in Vietnam. " According to "Ganyu County Records" (14): "Ganyu belonged to Jiuyi before summer, belonging to the people, and the Western Zhou Dynasty belonged to Juzhu. During the Warring States period, it returned to the territory of Yue, Qi and Chu successively. Qin set up Ganyu County, which governs Yancang City and belongs to Langya County. Han belongs to Ganyu, Zhuqi and Licheng counties, and belongs to Langya and Donghai counties. In the first year of AD, Emperor Ada of Han Ping named Situma Palace as Fu Dehou, and moved the country to Ganyu, and Ganyu County moved to Yuzhou (now Lianyun District, Lianyungang City). In 280 AD, Ganyu County was restored in the Western Jin Dynasty. Huairen County was established in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and it was renamed Ganyu County in the seventh year of Sejong Dading (1 167). Since then, it has remained unchanged from the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties to the early years of the Republic of China, and successively belonged to Haizhou, Huai 'an Prefecture, and Xu Island, Jiangsu Province. "In other words, if Overseas East longitude was written by the Qin Dynasty, the corpse country is in today's Ganyu; If this book was written in the Han Dynasty, then the country of Shebi corpse may be in Guyuzhou, which is now Lianyun District of Lianyungang City.

Underground archaeology shows that the kingdom of extravagant corpses is probably in Lianyun District. The archaeological culture in this area is represented by the Tenghualuo site of Longshan culture. Tenghualuo Site is located in the south of Xizhuchao Village, Zhongyun Office, Lianyungang, on the alluvial plain of Nanyun Mountain and Yun Bei ravine, with an altitude of 6-7 meters. 4500-4000 years ago is the site of Longshan culture. More than 200 remains such as foundation pits, ash pits, ash ditches, roads, houses, ditches, paddy fields and stone ports were found. More than 2,000 specimens of animals and plants such as stone tools, pottery, jade articles (with jade) and carbonized rice have been unearthed.

2. Qingqiu County

"Overseas East longitude" "Qingqiu country is in the north, and its foxes are everywhere. One is in Chaoyang North ".

Wild East longitude: Castle Peak, Fox and Kyubi no Youko.

Beginners' Volume 9 quotes "Gui Zang". Cage said, "Chiyou came from amniotic fluid, ... climbed Jiunao to cut down empty mulberry, and the Yellow Emperor was killed in Qingqiu."

There is Qingkou Town in Ganyu County, Jiangsu Province, which may be related to Qingqiu Prefecture. Qingkou Town is 60 kilometers south of Lianyungang and 80 kilometers north of Rizhao Andongwei.

In the Six Dynasties, Lori annotated Qian Wen Zi and Zhou Fayin Tang, calling da ji a nine-tailed fox. The novel Shen Fengbang in the Ming Dynasty gave full play to his theory and became the title of witch. Shan Hai Jing Nan Shan Jing: "[Mountain of Qingqiu] has beasts, like foxes, like Kyubi no Youko, and sounds like babies. It can eat people, but the people who eat it are not strange. " Guo Pu's Note: The Nine-tailed Fox. Because the Qingqiu Kingdom is not far from the Fang Kingdom of Wang Hai, the ancestor of Yin people, it should be closely related to Yin merchants.

According to overseas east longitude, Qingqiu Kingdom is located in the north of Chaoyang Valley (including northeast and northwest directions) and south of Heichi Kingdom (including southeast and southwest directions).

According to Wild East longitude, Qingqiu Kingdom is located between Heichi Prefecture and Xingshan, and adjacent to the Republic of China and Bentu Prefecture.

3. The country of Tai Chi

"Overseas East longitude" "Black pool in the north, black, rice-eating snakes, one red and one green, beside. On the one hand, in northern Shu Hai, people are blackheads, eat rice to make snakes, and a snake is red. " . Hao Yixing said, "When it gets dark, you should take your teeth off. Wang Yi noticed that Chu Ci called a soul cloud: "Hei Chi, his teeth are all black. Gao's "Huainan Falling Training" says: "He is a black fool who eats rice and spits snakes, but he is in the Tang Valley. "This is the proof of teeth in ancient books. The geography of the ancients is different from today, with the south as the top and the north as the bottom (the order of Shan Hai Jing is south, west, north and east). Therefore, "Upper Tang Valley" refers to the south of Tang Valley.

In the wild east longitude, there is a country of black pools. The emperor was born in Blackpool, surnamed Jiang, eating millet and making four birds. " The descendants of the Emperor are called Blackpool, and the country established by Blackpool is called Blackpool.

Blackpool should be in Wang Zhi Town of Lanshan, Ganyu to Andongwei and hushan town. The evidence is as follows:

(1) Blackpool is the country of Jiang, the descendant of the Emperor.

(2) In Xia and Shang Dynasties, Jiang Ji's surname was located between Anton Wei in Rizhao and Ganyu in Jiangsu.

Zuozhuan? In Yin AD (15), Kong Anguo quoted genealogy and said, "Ji, surnamed Jiang, was a marquis". The article "Haizhou" in the twenty-second volume of "Taiping Universe" said: "Zhang Jicheng is 75 miles northeast of the county (Huairen County, Haizhou, now Ganyu), and it is flat and offshore for more than a week. Press "Spring and Autumn? In the 19th year of Zhao Gong's "Qi's Attack on Ju" and "Biography", it was said that "Ju Zi met with discipline obstacles", that is, it was also here. The distance from Ganyu to Andongwei is exactly 75 miles, so the Acropolis is the ancient city of Zhangji. Some people think that the disciplinary barrier lies in the boundary of Ganyu County. The article "The Spring and Autumn Period of the Ancient City-Investigation of the Ancient City Ruins" (16) said: "According to Zuo Zhuan, in the autumn of the nineteenth year of Lu (523 BC), Commander Qi Gaofa attacked Ju (Ju did not do anything about it), and Ju Zi went to Ji and died"; Du Note: "Yeshi, there is a Yucheng in the northeast of Ganyu in the East China Sea"; Lu's "Shi Chan Tong Ji": "There is a Ji family and a Yan family"; "Tongzhi" contains: "Ji, Du Ji, moved to the opera, and noted that Ji was originally in the East China Sea, so he was also in Ganyu County." "Guangxu's" County Records "contains: boundary wall city, that is, benchmark city." Boundary wall city, 60 miles north of the county, with sea in the east and mountains in the west. "Judging from the orientation of the mountains in Haixi in the east, the ruins of the ancient city in the sea in the southeast of Lanshantou are undoubtedly the age." "Water Classic Note" says: "Swim in the north of Ganyu in the northeast and enter the sea northeast of Yuji City"; Du Yu's "Zuo Zhuan" notes: "Ji and Yan are in the northeast of Ganyu County in the East China Sea, and there are the cities of Ji and Yan, that is, this city. "These records show that Jichen's website is in the northeast of the county."

And the horizon 60-75 miles north of Ganyu lies in the area of Wang Zhi in Ganyu and Andongwei in Lanshan, which are not far apart. At the end of Shang Dynasty and the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, the capital of Ji State was moved from Ji Guan to Ji Tai Village in the south of Shouguang. Hu Yi, the old capital, is still a country of Kyrgyzstan, but it was a country of Ju in the Spring and Autumn Period.

(3) The surname of Jiang in the ancient barrier country is not Yandi Jiang, but Emperor Jiang and Indigenous Jiang.

The record that Ji Jiang's surname is a descendant of Emperor Yan appeared late, and it was first seen in the Tang Dynasty (17) and the Records of Yuanhe's Family in Tongzhi. A Brief Introduction to Clans —— Taking the country as the surname in Song Dynasty (18). According to legend, the descendants of Emperor Yan in the early Western Zhou Dynasty were sealed in Ji State (now Shouguang Ji Tai County, Shandong Province). During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi was blocked.

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