Notes on structural drawing of hanging beam building

Find the annotation 1-38 of this structural drawing of Tiaoliang Building. Which book have you read?

The beam-lifting type is to put a beam on the column and lift the beam on the beam, which is also called the overlapping beam type. Widely used in palaces, temples, monasteries and other large buildings, the royal building selection. It is the representative of China wood structure building.

Beam-lifting frame, platform beam, hook frame, beam-lifting frame and lintel structure The main forms of wooden frames in ancient buildings in China. This kind of frame is characterized in that several stacked beams are erected along the depth direction of the house on the horizontal pavement on the column top or column net, and the beams are shortened layer by layer, with short columns or wooden blocks between the layers, and small columns or triangular braces are erected in the middle of the top beams to form a triangular roof truss. Between adjacent roof trusses, purlins and purlins are placed on the two ends of each floor beam and the small columns in the middle of the top floor beam to form the spatial skeleton of the double-slope house. The weight of the roof of the house is transferred to the foundation through rafters, purlins, beams and columns (when paved, it is transferred to columns).

[Decomposition of Big Wood Frames in Ming and Qing Dynasties]

The girder lifting frame has existed since the Spring and Autumn Period at the latest. At present, the earliest image seen is the portrait brick of the Eastern Han Dynasty courtyard unearthed in Chengdu, Sichuan. By the Tang dynasty, it had matured, and there were two architectural styles, namely hall style and hall style, represented by Beige Temple in Wutai, Shanxi Province and the smooth Daxiong Hall in Tiantai Temple, Shanxi Province. In the part of building French big wood works, it is mainly about hanging beam structure. It is clearly pointed out that there are two kinds of important building frameworks: hall style and hall style, and the differences between them are illustrated with pictures.

In the Song Dynasty, according to the provisions of the "building method", the introduction of the beam lifting frame is as follows:

1 shape. The inner and outer columns of the palace-shaped frame are the same height, there is a horizontal pavement above the column head, and another beam runs through the depth direction of the whole house and overlaps with the slope of the roof. The columns in the hall-style frame are raised, and there are no beams running through the whole house in the depth direction, so shorter beams are stacked between the columns. 2 columns. Mostly spindle-shaped, the pillars around the eaves have rising and lateral feet. ③ beam. Exposed beams are called bright beams, beams covered with smallpox are called grass beams, and some bright beams are processed into moon beams. According to the length and position of each beam, such as eaves, chests, flat beams, traction, etc. The length of a beam is measured by rafters, and one rafter refers to the horizontal length of rafters installed on two rafters. Generally, the length of a beam is several rafters, which are called eaves. And the beams of the two rafters, the top of the frame is called flat beam, and the one between the inner and outer columns is called milk, which is above the milk. 4 pave the way. The bucket at the intersection of beam and column forms pavement, which can not only strengthen the integrity of the frame, but also skillfully absorb and transmit loads from different directions, and is an important part of the beam-lifting frame.

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