Brief introduction of Qing Taizong

Aisingiorro？ Huang taiji, the eighth son of Nurhachi, ranks fourth among the eight Baylers, also known as the Four Baylers. Huang taiji/kloc-lost his mother at the age of 0/2, led the army to fight at the age of 20, ascended the pole at the age of 35, and/kloc-ascended the throne at the age of 0/7 and died at the age of 52. He was another outstanding politician and strategist after Nurhachi in Qing Dynasty.

Huang Taiji lived in such an era-there were four dazzling stars in the sky of China at that time: one was Huang Taiji of Qing Taizong (1592 ~ 1643), and the other was Zhu Youjian, Emperor Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty (161~/kloc). These four people, each representing the interests of their own nation or group, participated in this unprecedented tragic and epic political competition. The final outcome is: Li Dan Khan defeated the grass beach in Qinghai at the age of 43; Emperor Chongzhen forced the queen to commit suicide, cut off her daughter and hanged herself in Jingshan Park at the age of 34. Li Zicheng spent a day as an emperor in the Forbidden City and died at Jiugong Mountain at the age of 40. The inheritance of Li Dan Khan, Emperor Chongzhen and Li Zicheng finally went to Huang Taiji and his descendants.

It is no accident that Huang Taiji became the biggest winner. In terms of cultural accomplishment and martial arts, he is obviously superior to his opponent.

Sandwich: changing disadvantages and seeking new ones

On the chessboard of the sandwich, Huang Taiji adjusted the relationship and reformed the disadvantages, and played four moves:

Get rid of bad politics and adjust the Manchu dynasty. In his later years, especially after he entered the Liaohe Plain, Nurhachi carried out some wrong policies, such as mass migration of population, arranging villages by the rank of Ding, checking grain, seizing fields, living with Han people and killing all students, which was resisted by Han people in Liaodong, and ethnic contradictions were very sharp. Some Han people poisoned drinking water and salt, some poisoned pigs and sold them, some blocked roads and killed Manchu traveling alone, and organized armed riots broke out one after another. However, Nurhachi did not stop the slavery and slaughter of the Han people and continued to implement a high-handed policy. As a result, the contradiction intensified, the population fled, Dingzhuang was sharply reduced, the countryside was deserted, "the people would starve to death" and bandits were rampant.

After Huang taiji succeeded to the throne, he adjusted the mistakes of his father Khan in time:

For the Han people, he put forward that "it is important to govern the country, not to settle the people first" and emphasized that the relationship between Manchuria, Mongolia and the Han people "should be mixed." He decided: Han people are able-bodied men and live in different places; Han people become civilian households; Be kind to fugitives and relax the punishment-"Everyone is happy, fugitives stop."

For Han Chinese officials: Han Chinese officials were originally subordinate to Manchu ministers, and horses could not be ridden, livestock could not be used, and fields could not be cultivated; The official died, and his wife wanted to be a slave to the Baylor family. Huang taiji's courtesy to Han Chinese officials is an important policy to win over the upper Han Chinese. Give surrendered Han Chinese officials land, horses, rewards and appointments. Fan Wencheng is an example of Huang Taiji's reuse of Han officials. "Emperor Taizong acceded to the throne, calling for the left and right" and participating in military and political plans. Every time we discuss, we always ask, "Does fan Zhang Jing know?" When something goes wrong, he always says, "Why not discuss it with Fan Zhangjing?" Everyone said, "That's what Fan Zhangjing said." Taizong admitted it. Fan Wencheng once ate in the palace, looked at the table full of delicious food and thought of his old father, so he stopped eating. Emperor Taizong understood his thoughts, and immediately sent someone to deliver this banquet to Fan Wencheng's house. Later, Fan Wencheng became a college student in the Inner Secretariat, which was the beginning of the appointment of Han people in the Qing Dynasty.

To Han Confucianism: "Scholars show people, scholars gain experience, and people gain experience." Whoever has more outstanding talent and exerts his talents and wisdom can defeat his opponent. Daming has talent, but he can't use it. Dashun has no scholar, and Niu Jinxing is just a juren. The key to decide whether Qing can win this Long Hudou is whether it can have a large number of talents. Nurhachi slaughtered too many students in the Ming Dynasty and executed all the so-called smart people. Among them, about 300 people were "hidden", all of whom became slaves of the Eight Banners. Huang taiji ordered the examination of these slave students, and the master must not obstruct it. This is the beginning of the imperial examination in the late Jin Dynasty, and the result is ***200 people. They have been "pulled out" from their original slave status, and they have gained freedom and reward. After that, China International Student Examination was held, and 228 students were selected and recruited for reuse. This move has a strong response. "Benevolent people have different opinions, and wise people have different opinions."

Manchu, Daqing. Huang taiji has done two great things, which will affect the whole history forever. One is to change the national name to Manchuria. In the ninth year of Tiancong (1635) 10/3, Emperor Taizu of Tiancong Khan issued a letter to change the Manchu name. Since then, Manchu names have officially appeared in the history books of China and the world. The other is to change the name of Daikin to Daqing. In the tenth year of Tiancong (1636), on April 11th, Huang Taiji held a ceremony to ascend the throne in the main hall of Shenyang Palace, and changed the name of Dajin to Daqing and Tiancong to Chongde. Because Huang taiji has two titles, one is Tiancong and the other is Chongde, so the phenomenon of twelve emperors and thirteen dynasties appeared in the Qing Dynasty. Why did Huang Taiji change his country name to "Qing"? There is a legend: Nurhachi rode a big green horse when he fled in his early years, and the horse was exhausted. Nurhachi said sadly, "Daqing, Daqing, I will win the world in the future. My country's name is Daqing!" " "Of course, this is a legendary story, there is no need to delve into it. Huang taiji changed his country name and called himself emperor to show that he was not only a great Khan of Manchuria, but also a great Khan of Mongols, Han people and everyone, and was the emperor of the subjects of the Great Qing Dynasty.

"Sit alone in the south" and improve the system. With the development of the late Jin Dynasty, Huang Taiji reformed and improved the political institutions. One is to get rid of the second Baylor A Min and the third Baylor Manggutai, and take the big Baylor Daishan as hostage, abolish the sweating system that stands side by side with the third Baylor, and change it to Huang Taiji's "sitting alone in the south" to strengthen the monarchy's totalitarianism; Second, consolidate and improve the Eight Banners system, gradually establish the Eight Banners Han Army, manage the military, political and civil affairs of the Han Army and their families, expand the Eight Banners Mongolia and strengthen governance; Thirdly, the Mongolian yamen was established (the name of which was changed to Lifanyuan in the third year of Chongde) to deal with ethnic affairs; Fourth, imitating the lighting system, setting up the Inner Third Hospital, the Sixth Department and the Ducha Hospital, forming the so-called "Three Hospitals, Six Departments and Two Yamen Offices" government structure of the Inner Third Hospital, the Sixth Department, the Ducha Hospital and Lifan Hospital, and basically improving the government organization system and structure.

Make a red cannon zhòng create a heavy army. After the three major defeats in Ningyuan, Ningjin and Beijing, Tian Conghan finally understood a truth: the important reason for his defeat was that he didn't have the latest weapon-the red cannon. This kind of gun is made by westerners and is called "Hongyi Cannon". Manchu taboo "clothes" is homophonic with "clothes", which is called red cannon. In the first month of the fifth year of Tiancong (163 1), the first batch of red cannons copied by Houjin was made in Shenyang, named "God Blessed Cheering General". From then on, Manchuria finally had its own red cannon. This is an epoch-making event in the history of the Eight Banners weapons and a milestone in the military history of the Eight Banners. Huang taiji set up a new "heavy army" in the Eight Banners Army, which is to install guns and other firearms on Huang taiji's broadsword.

Heavy new weapon-artillery. Since then, some powerful cavalry of the Qing army have disappeared, and some red cannons of the Ming army have begun to be owned by the Qing army.

In this way, Huang taiji corrected the mistakes made by his father in his later years, which further developed the military and political cause of the latter Jin Dynasty. After his death, Huang Taiji was named "Emperor Wen", and this word "Wen" just illustrates the characteristics of his literary career.

Wushu: four-way development

On the chessboard of martial arts, Huang taiji attacked from all sides and opened up territory. There are also four tricks:

Send troops to the east to levy two Koreas. In the first month of the first year of Tiancong (1627), Huang Taiji ordered the second Baylor A Min to lead an army to invade Korea. A Min commanded the army, crossed the Yalu River and occupied Pyongyang. In March, the two sides killed white horses and black cows, burned incense and took an oath on the island.

Under the "brotherhood". In the first year of Chongde (1636), Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor, but the envoys of North Korea refused to bow, and both sides tore at him and refused to yield. Huang taiji believes that this is the performance of Han Wang's loyalty to the Ming Dynasty and his disobedience to the Qing Dynasty. /kloc-in October/February, Huang taiji used this as an excuse to attack North Korea for the second time. Huang taiji personally commanded the Qing army to cross the Yalu River, and the striker pointed directly at Wang Jing Seoul. Li Ke (Z not ng), king of Korea, fled to Nanhan Mountain City. Huang taiji also led the troops to camp in Nanhan Mountain City. In the first month of the second year, Lea Coco demanded surrender and paid tribute to the Qing emperor. As a result, Huang Taiji set up an altar on the east bank of the Han River for three days, held a ceremony of surrender, and established a "monarch-minister alliance" between the Qing Dynasty and North Korea. Huang Taiji fought in Korea twice, killing three birds with one stone-first, he changed North Korea's position of invading the Ming and Qing Dynasties, second, he got supplies from North Korea, and third, he relieved the worries of attacking the Ming Dynasty in the south and looking east.

Go north and find Soren. Huang taiji fought in the north, and the soldiers pointed directly at the upper, middle and lower reaches of Heilongjiang. Huang taiji's strategy is: "fear it with soldiers and convince people with virtue." Baldazzi, a Daur, lives in Doktun, Gyeonggi Province (now Yahe). Huang Taiji married his daughter to Bauer Dazzi, and he became Huang Taiji's forehead. Soon, many leaders of Sauron paid tribute to Shenyang in succession, expressing their obedience. During the Chongde period, Huang Taiji sent troops to Soren twice to conquer Bomu Bogor. The two sides joined forces in jaxa (now Albazin) and Humar (now Huma) in the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. After fierce fighting, the Qing army won, but suffered heavy losses. Bomubogol led the others to flee to the north. Huang taiji adopted the strategy of "attacking the north from the south", ambushed Mongolian cavalry in advance, stopped their escape, and captured Bomubogo, who led the crowd to Chiruotai (now Chita, Russia). Huang taiji's caress was mainly caressing, and finally the vast areas east of Lake Baikal, south of the outer Xing 'an Mountains, Wusuli River and the Sea of Okhotsk were owned by the Qing Dynasty.

March westward with soldiers, and levy three levies on Mongolia. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Mongolia in China was divided into three parts: Monan Mongolia, namely Inner Mongolia; Mobei Mongolia, namely outer Mongolia; There is also Moxi Mongolia, which is Erut Mongolia. Monan Mongolia is located between the Ming Dynasty and the late Jin Dynasty, and it has an agreement with the Ming Dynasty to resist the late Jin Dynasty. Lidan Khan of Chahar Department in Monan Mongolia is a descendant of Genghis Khan. He is powerful and calls himself the Great Khan of Mongolia. The Ming court gave Dan Khan a large number of "annual rewards" every year, which made him confront the later Jin dynasty. During the Nurhachi period, most of the eastern parts of Monan Mongolia surrendered to the late Jin Dynasty, but Chahar became a strong fortress for the eastern parts of Monan Mongolia against Nurhachi and his son. After Huang Taiji ascended the throne, he made three expeditions to the West, mainly targeting Li Dan Khan of Chahar Department. In the second year of Tiancong (1628), Huang Taiji took advantage of the contradiction between the Mongolian ministries south of the desert to form an alliance with the ministries opposed to Li Dan Khan, such as Harqin, and for the first time, the pro-unification army attacked Li Dan Khan. To Aomulun, he won a great victory, captured more than 1 1000 people, and then pursued Xing 'an Mountains. Four years later, Huang Taiji once again led an expedition to Khan and made a long-distance raid to Cheng Guihua (now Hohhot). When Li Dan Khan heard the news, he panicked and fled at night. On his way back to the army, Huang Taiji gained tens of thousands of people and more than 65,438+10,000 livestock outside Ming Dynasty. Since then, the Chahar department has been alienated from others and has fallen apart. Li Dan Khan fled to the grass beach in Qinghai and died of smallpox. In the ninth year of Tiancong (1635), Huang Taiji ordered Dourgen and others to join forces to levy the Chahar Department. Li Dan Khan's heir and son, Ithaca, led thousands of families to mutiny and presented the imperial seal. It is said that this seal was handed down from the Han Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, and Yuan Shundi took it with him when he fled north. After his death, the law was lost. 200 years later, a shepherd saw a sheep not eating grass for three days, but kept digging the ground with its hoof. The shepherd was curious and got a precious seal by digging the ground. Later, Bao came to the hands of Li Dan Khan. Huang taiji's "unification for ten thousand years" happened to be recognized by heaven, and he was naturally overjoyed. He personally offered sacrifices to heaven and told Mao Fuling about the sacrifices. Chahar, who had been enemies for more than 20 years, surrendered, and the vast desert South Mongolia was returned to the Qing Dynasty.

Expedition to the north, five into the central plains. In the Ming Dynasty, Huang Taiji used his troops to win the Battle of Daling River and the Battle of Jin Song, and entered the customs for five times. The first time was in Tiancong for three years (1629). Huang taiji personally led the army, bypassed Mongolia, breached Daankou and besieged Beijing. The second time was in the eighth year of Tiancong (1634), when Huang Taiji was pro-unification and ravaged Fu Xuan and Datong. The third time was in the first year of Chongde (1636). Huang Taiji ordered Prince Azig of Duoluo County to lead his troops into the customs, to Yanqing, to Juyongguan and to Changping, and to the capital. Then, Azig led his troops south to Fangshan, attacked Shunyi, captured Pinggu, occupied Miyun, surrounded Mingdu and ravaged the two capitals. In this campaign, the Qing army Azig reported that all 56 battles were successful, and * * * grams 16 city captured170,000 people and livestock. During the triumph, they rode back to China in colorful clothes and played music. They also cut firewood and wrote down the four characters "Free for all officials" to show the Ming Dynasty. The fourth time was in Chongde for three years (1638). Huang taiji sent Dourgen to pass, and the soldiers marched to Jinan. In half a year's time, Dourgen fought for more than 2,000 miles, conquered Jinan Fucheng, 3 states and 55 counties, and harvested 460,000 people and livestock. The fifth time was in Chongde for seven years (1642). Huang taiji sent Abatai into the customs, sweeping across Shandong province, capturing a population of 360,000 and more than 320,000 livestock. Huang taiji entered the fortress five times on a large scale, attacked Beijing, plundered Zhongzhou and captured Jinan. His courage, courage and strategy are really remarkable. But he sent troops into the fortress many times, killing, burning and robbing, but he was the lowest among the soldiers.

Strategy: Find a location and make a plan.

Why can Huang Can Taiji achieve the above-mentioned literary martial arts? There are many reasons, but the key is strategy. Strategy is a major event related to the spiritual strength of politicians and military strategists, the success or failure of the cause, the rise and fall of the nation and the rise and fall of the country. Here are four examples.

Carefully plan to inherit the sweat position. The ancestors of Manchu Nuzhen, like many nomadic people, did not implement the system of direct inheritance. Who will inherit the great position behind Nurhachi? There was no system at that time. In order to consolidate his power, Nurhachi first killed his younger brother Shu Erba, and then killed his eldest son Chu Ying. Nurhachi is very worried about Khan's succession in his later years. Instead of naming an heir, he announced the Khan's edict: the system of recommending new Khan and deposing Khan was implemented through Baylor's discussion. Therefore, after his death, his bones were not cold, and the battle of Khan was very fierce. At that time, among Baylor, the four Baylor had the greatest power and the highest status. In addition, there are dourgen and duo duo. The four Baylers are: Daishan, A Min, Mangutai and Huang Taiji. Among the four Baylers, Huang Taiji ranked fourth in terms of seating and age, but why did he ascend to the throne of the post-Jin Guohan? Because Huang taiji skillfully used his strategy for a long time in the battle for the big position.

The situation at that time was: Erbel A Min was the cousin of Huang Taiji, and his father Shuerhazi was found guilty and put to death. A Min himself made a big mistake, and naturally he is not qualified or qualified to compete for Khan's inheritance. Triple Le Mangutai is the fifth brother of Huang Taiji. He is foolhardy, reckless and weak in military strength. His biological mother, Fu Cha, was convicted of dereliction of duty, and Mangutai actually killed her herself. This kind of person, with a bad reputation, can be a general of the whole army, but he can't be the king of a country, and he has no condition to compete for Khan's position; Grand Baylor Daishan is qualified, qualified and may inherit Khan's position. Daishan's generous personality won the hearts of all people, with many military achievements and great power. Nurhachi predicted that he would attack him in the future, saying, "A hundred years later, my youngest son and Da Fujin gave them to my eldest brother for adoption." The eldest brother is Daishan. Although Huang Taiji was ambitious, secretive and possessed imperial power, he was at a disadvantage in all aspects because of his brother Daishan's struggle for the succession of Khan, and had to set up an organ in secret.

Here is a story: Jie, a little Fujin of Nurhachi, told Destiny Khan that Dafu prepared delicacies twice and gave them to Baylor, who ate them; I also gave it to Bei Le, but I didn't feed Bei Le. Da Fujin often sends people to Da Baylor's house and leaves the palace at night. Nurhachi sent someone to investigate. He didn't want to wash his dirty linen in public, so he found an excuse to punish Dafu. After this incident was exposed among the aristocrats in the Qing Dynasty, the prestige of Daishan was greatly reduced and she was unable to compete for the position of Khan. Some people say that Xiao Fujin was inspired by Huang Taiji, who used the "privacy" of Da Fujin and Da Baylor Daishan to kill two birds with one stone: not only did Da Baylor have a bad reputation, but Da Fujin was also punished. Dafu was "injured" in this incident, but he didn't "die" and soon got Nurhachi's favor.

Da Fujin is Dourgen, Duoduo's biological mother Ulan Nala big princess? Abahai. Abahai/Kloc-married Nurhachi at the age of 0/2 and lived together for 25 years. At that time, she was 37 years old, in the prime of her life, and graceful. Abahai has three sons: Azig 22, Dourgen 15 and Duoduo 13. Dourgen and Dodo brothers are also eligible to compete with Huang Taiji for the throne. To weaken the strength of Dourgen and Dodo, the best way is to execute big princess. After Nurhachi's death, Huang Taiji and several Baylor said that Xianhan had last words and asked Dafu to be buried. Under the threat of Huang taiji and other four baylor, she hanged herself (it is said that she was strangled with a bowstring). After Abahai's death, Dourgen and Dodo were young, lost their dependence, and had no strength to compete with Huang Taiji for the big position. According to the draft of Qing history? According to Sony Biography, Dodo once said, "As soon as I was established, my name was in Taizu's will." From this perspective, Nurhachi may have a will before his death, but he has not seen it so far. One of the major crimes of Dourgen's death is that he once said that "the throne of Taizong Wen was originally taken away." So, is Huang Taiji a successor or a usurper? Today, there are still different opinions in academic circles.

Daishan lost power and influence, Dourgen lost his mother, and Huang Taiji was in a favorable position in the battle for the big position. The recommendation of the new Khan is discussed outside the temple. Daishan's sons, Baylor Yueyi and Sahayi, went to their father Daishan's residence and said, "The four Baylor (Huang Taiji) are the best in the world, and they are deeply attached to the sacred heart of their ancestors. They are all convinced and should be promoted as soon as possible." Daishan said, "This is my long-cherished wish! Who disagrees with what you said? " In this way, father and son agreed. The next day, the kings, Baylor and Beizi gathered in the DPRK. Dai Shan told her opinion to Er Baylor A Min, San Bellemain Gutai and Zhong Baylor. There is no dispute about acquiring knowledge. After 15 years of careful planning, Huang taiji finally ascended the throne. When Huang Taiji first ascended Khan's throne, the four Baylers sat side by side, dealing with the military and political affairs, and the four took turns to score. Later, Huang Taiji got rid of the second Baylor A Min and the third Baylor Mang Gu 'ertai, bullied the big Baylor Daishan, and finally "sat alone in the south" and consolidated his power.

Set a trap, except Yuan Chonghuan. In the course of his career development, Tian Conghan's Huang Taiji deserves a great book, that is, he cleverly set up a plot to get rid of Yuan Chonghuan. Things should start from the source. In the eleventh year of the mandate of heaven (1626), in the first month, Nurhachi was defeated in the battle of Ningyuan, and soon died of depression. Huang taiji personally visited the battlefield and witnessed the most painful defeat in the history of the Eight Banners War. Father Khan is dead, and Huang Taiji wants revenge! Thus, the battle of Ningjin started. In May of the first year of Tiancong (1627), Huang Taiji was defeated by Ningyuan and Jinzhou. After the defeat of Ningyuan and Ningjin, Huang Taiji realized that Yuan Chonghuan was a "roadblock" for him to enter the Central Plains through Shanhaiguan. So Huang taiji used a plan: bypassing Shanhaiguan and attacking Beijing; Mobilize Yuan Chonghuan's "diligent king", implement "double agent" and get rid of Yuan Chonghuan.

In October of the third year of Tiancong (1629), Huang Taiji led an army to avoid Shanhaiguan, bypass Inner Mongolia and attack Beijing. At this time, Yuan Chonghuan was reused by Emperor Chongzhen as a history of the Ministry of War, a poem written by Du Fu in Hebei, Liaoning and Hebei. He once reported that Liaodong was firmly defended and the enemy would not pass; However, the defenses around Zhen Ji Town are empty and should be taken seriously. The court ignored his report and sealed it. When Yuan Chonghuan was touring Shanhaiguan, he got the military report that Huang Taiji attacked the capital. He dispatched 9,000 cavalry to come to the rescue day and night to fight against the enemy and defend Beijing.

Yuan Chonghuan was stationed outside Guangqumen, with no food for soldiers and no grass for horses. He fights during the day and sleeps at night. Yuan Chonghuan took the lead, and the armor of the arrow was like hedgehog skin. Yuan Chonghuan successively won Guangqumen and Zuo 'anmen, and the capital turned the corner. Huang taiji used Zhou Yu's trick of stealing Jiang Ganshu, and let Cao Cao use his trick to frame Yuan Chonghuan. This plan, the draft of Qing history? Bao Chengxian biography records:

The next day, I warned all the troops not to attack, and called on Cheng Xian and his assistant Gao to give them a secret plan so that the near array could sit side by side in the prison department of the Ming Dynasty. So, I quietly said to the other side: "It is a good plan to withdraw troops today. When I saw the enemy riding a horse alone, two men came. I left for a long time when I saw it. I have a little secret agreement with jing yuan, and this matter can be established. " Yang, the prison supervisor, lay listening. On the same day, Yue Zong returned, sued Ming Di and killed Chong Huan.

On the first day of December, Emperor Chongzhen was cheated by Huang Taiji and ordered Yuan Chonghuan to go to the Forbidden City in the name of discussing his salary. At that time, Beijing was under martial law and nine doors were closed. Yuan Chonghuan sat in a basket and was hanged to the city. When Yuan Chonghuan arrived at the platform of the Forbidden City, Emperor Chongzhen did not discuss reimbursement, but ordered him to be arrested and sent to the Royal Guards Prison. On August 16th, the following year, Yuan Chonghuan, a big star, was put to death in Beijing Xicheng. "Ming Ji Bei lue" records that when Yuan Chonghuan was sentenced, people gnashed their teeth, bought the meat cut by Yuan, took a sip and scolded him. This record may be unreliable. However, it shows that the whole capital was caught by Huang Taiji's "double agent" and was mistaken for Yuan Chonghuan's "collaboration with the enemy". It was not until the Qing Dynasty revised the Ming history that the truth came out. 100 years later, Yuan Chonghuan's unjust case was rehabilitated by Emperor Qianlong.

Huang Taiji used double agents to make Emperor Chongzhen of Daming "self-destruct the Great Wall". "Ming history? "Biography of Yuan Chonghuan" said: "The death of Bai Huan is of no benefit to anyone, and the death is decided! "

Huang taiji's deep scheming, high strategy and spicy means are amazing. This is naturally related to its innate endowment, but the environment and life experience are more important reasons.

When Huang Taiji was born, his father Nurhachi was 34 years old and his biological mother Nora 18 years old. His biological mother is the beloved daughter of Baylor Yangjinu in Yehebu, named Meng Gu, who is called Meng Gugege. /kloc-married Nurhachi at the age of 0/4 and died at the age of 29. /kloc-Huang taiji, 0/2 years old, lost his maternal love. Nora's death was largely caused by depression. From marriage to Meng Gu's death, Jianzhou was always an enemy of Yehe Department. In the battle of ancient music, Meng Gu's cousin Buzhai Baylor, a war horse, tripped over a wooden pier and died. Nurhachi ordered Buzhai's body to be split in half and half returned. Since then, Jianzhou and Yehe have forged deadly enemies. Meng Gu was dying, feeling that he was running out of time, and asked to see his real mother. Nurhachi sent someone to meet Yehe, and Yehe Baylor refused. Meng Gu finally failed to meet his real mother, and he regretted it to death.

Huang taiji lost his mother and had no brothers or sisters with her. It can be said that he is a person! And his family is a big family. He has four uncles, only his second uncle Muerhaqi has 1 1 cousins, and his third uncle Shuerhaqi has nine cousins, including six nephews under A Min Baylor and1/under Jihala Langbaylor. He has 15 half-brothers and as many as 1450 sons and nephews of his own brothers. His seven half-brothers were all born by five Fujins, all of whom were from the headquarters of Jianzhou, but their biological mother was Yehe Department, and Yehe Department had a bloody feud with Jianzhou. This family environment has had many positive and negative influences on the growth of Huang Taiji's boyhood.

First, Huang Taiji's grandfather is a famous Nuzhen leader, and his biological mother Nora is a clever and witty princess. Influenced by heredity, he is very clever. The grandfathers of other brothers (except Dourgen's grandfather) are all unknown in history, and this background has enhanced his political confidence.

Second, the loss of a teenager's mother made him encounter too many difficulties and hardships in his life, which tempered his independent character and tenacious will.

Third, without the care of his mother, his half-brothers and sisters are particularly lonely, which develops his taciturn character and exercises his communication and coordination skills.

Fourth, Huang taiji was at a disadvantage in the family because his uncle had enmity with Jianzhou, and he was good at calculation.

No Thai food, no Thai food. The loss of a teenager's mother is a great misfortune in life. However, people who are timid and frustrated will kill their will, and strong people will be more frustrated and more energetic. Four monarchs in the early Qing Dynasty, Taizu Nurhachi1/kloc-0 lost their mothers, Taizong Taiji 12 years old, sai-jo Fu Lin 6 years old, Saint Michelle Ye 8 years old, 10 years old. Although Nurhachi lost his mother as a teenager, he exercised his independent character. Similarly, Huang taiji lost his mother's care, but it prompted him to learn and admire his father Khan, and also tempered his independent, thoughtful, tenacious and hard-working character. It seems that it can be said that Huang Taiji's success in the process of internal governance and external conquest is inseparable from his special family environment and frustrated life experience.

Such a generation of Yingjie should have created greater achievements. However, at the age of 52 (1643), Huang taiji died suddenly. On the day of his death, he was still engaged in government affairs. Every day is a holiday, which prevents him from sitting on the throne of the Forbidden City and realizing his dream of Dingding Yanjing, which he has been fighting for all his life. Buried in Zhaoling after death. There is a pair of stone horses in the stone statue in front of the tomb, namely "Zhaoling Two Horses". According to legend, they were carved from the favorite mounts of Huang Taiji, Dabai and Xiaobai.

The death of Huang Taiji marked the end of a dynasty in the Qing Dynasty, and also marked the end of the foundation stone laying project in the Qing Dynasty. The 60-year struggle between Taizong and Taizong laid the foundation and prepared the conditions for the Qing army to enter Shanhaiguan, settle Yanjing and unify the Central Plains.