Cloth, origin, history?

Nonwoven fabric, nonwoven fabric, cloth -- ancient currency name, also known as knife cloth. Xunzi, "Honor and Humiliation": "They stored cattle and sheep, but they did not dare to eat wine or meat; they had a surplus of swords and cloth, and they had grants, but they did not dare to clothe themselves in silk or silk." Yang Kyung's note: "Swords and cloth are all money. The knife is for its sharpness, the cloth for its breadth." Historical Records: "The road of trade between agriculture and industry was open, and the coins of turtle shells, money, and knives and cloth flourished." Sima Zhen Suo Yin: "The cloth, the word goods flow cloth, so the Zhou Li" has the cloth of the second husband. Food and Drugs Zhi" goods cloth head eight points, foot support eight points. The knife, money. Food and Drugs Zhi" has a knife, wrong knife, shaped like a knife, two inches long, straight five thousand. In its shape as a knife, so it is called a knife, in order to facilitate the people also." Jin Zuo Si "Wei Du Fu": "Quality agent flat and trading, knife cloth trade without figure." "Bu" means man in Zhuang. Translated into Chinese, "bu tu" means "native", i.e. local people or people born and raised in the soil. Butu is the opposite of guest or outsider. The self-proclaimed names of the Zhuang people are: "Butu" or "Pu Tu", "Bunun", "Buman", "Bu Penguins", "Bu Yi", "Bu Long", etc. (Refer to the book by Huang Xianfen). (Refer to "General History of the Zhuang" by Huang Xianfan). Since ancient times, people used to weave cloth, usually only two kinds of raw materials: one is plant fiber, that is, cotton and ramie, etc., which can be woven into a variety of cotton cloth and fabrics; the other is animal fiber, that is, silk and wool, etc., which can be composed of beautiful silk and tweed. However, with the development of science and technology, new varieties of man-made fibers have been added, especially in recent years, a new raw material for textile has been added, which is neither a plant nor an animal, but a lifeless mineral, or the most common stone. Cloth was created by Rayon. Glass fiber made from stone and then woven into cloth is called glass cloth. Because it has high temperature resistance, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance and many other characteristics, so it is more and more in the electrical, chemical, aviation, metallurgy, rubber, machinery, construction, light industry and other sectors, instead of the original use of cotton and satin velvet. Hard stone why can also be used to weave like cotton? This is really a very interesting question. We know, with cotton weaving is the first cotton fibers spun into yarn, and then cross the warp and weft, woven into a cloth. We already know the process of making glass from stone. Stone weaving can also be said to be a development of stone glass making yet! Because stone weaving is first sandstone and limestone, such as crushed, put into the kiln, and then add soda ash and other raw materials, with high temperature to melt them into liquid, and then pull it into glass fibers, and then spun and woven into cloth. Glass is very hard and fragile things, but it is pulled into silk, it has become very tough. The finer the glass filament, the greater its deflection and tensile strength. In modern science and technology, not only are glass filaments used to weave into glass cloth, but they are also used to enhance the fastness of glass and plastic products, just like placing reinforcing steel bars in concrete. Fiberglass, today, has been applied to the latest communication technology - optical communication above. There is a so-called "glass fiber tube mirror", is made of thousands of glass fibers made of tubes, each fiber diameter of only one-thousandth of a millimeter, can reflect light, so that it passes along the tube. Mount it on a camera and you can turn the corner and take a picture.

Editing the ancient method of dyeing cloth

The ancient Chinese method of dyeing cloth, "San Val", i.e., stranded val (tie-dyeing), waxed val (batik), and sandwiched val, has continued to the present day, and handmade cloths dyed in these three ways are still loved by people today. ¤ Yunnan stranded val According to historical records, the stranded val method of dyeing cloth was introduced in the Dali region during the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Dali people called it pimple flower cloth or pimple flower. Before dyeing, the cloth is folded and tied, and then dipped into a color paste for dyeing. Since the color paste is made from plants such as Panax quinquefolium, it does not cause any harm to the skin. At present, this traditional technique is still preserved in Zhoucheng Village in Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, and in Dacang and Temple Street in Weishan Yi Hui Autonomous County. Walking along the streets and lanes of Dali, you can see colorful tie-dye decorations, as well as clothing, shoes and hats and other products, which add some beautiful colors to the picturesque plateau town. ¤ Guizhou Wax Val Wax val began in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. This method of dyeing cloth involves drawing patterns on the cloth with liquid wax, then removing the wax after dyeing. The anti-dyeing agent of wax val is yellow wax (i.e. beeswax), which is the secretion of wax glands in the abdomen of bees and is insoluble in water, but can be melted when warmed. The dye used is bluegrass, which is abundant in Guizhou. Bluegrass leaves are put in a pit and fermented to become indigo, which can be used for dyeing. The traditional wax valerian process has been preserved in the minority areas of Guizhou, and it has become an indispensable ornament in the lives of minority women. Miao women in the area of Huangping, Chong'anjiang and Danzhai County have their clothes, umbrella covers and pillowcases made of batik; Miao women in the area of Anshun and Puding decorate their sleeves and lapels with batik patterns, and the batik straps on their children's backs are dyed with red, yellow and green, making it a bright and colorful multicolor batik. ¤Cangnan Sandwich Val The colors and patterns of sandwiched valerian cloth are printed with carved sandwiches: the cloth is fixed between two hollowed-out plates, color paste is injected into the hollowed-out areas, and the patterns appear on the cloth when the hollowed-out plates are unlocked. Compared with tie-dye and batik, the process of clip-printing is more complicated, so after a brief boom in the Tang Dynasty, this printing and dyeing process gradually disappeared in the Song Dynasty, until people in Cangnan, Zhejiang Province, once again found this way of dyeing cloth, known as the "living fossil". Yishan Town, Cangnan, eight Dai Village, the production of clip valerian cloth. Tang Dynasty court with silk, silk, brocade-based, Cangnan clip val can not be compared with the exquisite Tang Dynasty court clip val, but in the printing and dyeing process still retains the characteristics of traditional clip val printing and dyeing. In the early years, the southern part of Zhejiang Province used the clip valerian cloth as a necessity for the marriage of daughters and daughters-in-law. At present, Cangnan's several clip val inheritors are over half a hundred years old, the traditional dyeing process is in danger of being lost.