Kneel down! On the Historical Representation of Guqin Music Culture

Guqin plays an important role in the traditional culture of China. It has seven strings, the wood is sycamore, and the strings are silk. Also called lyre, China's classical books all call it Stone. Qin is an important symbol representing China national music. Guqin is the I Ching of music, just like philosophy. Guqin represents the music of the Chinese nation, and the most representative piece is Mountain Flowing Water. China has good music, and China's piano is a philosophy. Some people say it should be called music art, pottery and piano knife.

Let's start with Confucius. His ideal is to hope that the people of this country will govern the country with rites and music and conduct peaceful diplomacy. Now we are like this, ruling the country with rites and music. It has been written in history that China is a country of rites and music, and music is the most representative. Therefore, Premier Zhou said that Kunqu opera is very good, and Kunqu opera is a wave of operas. I say music is good, but the seven strings are waves in music. Only after learning can you understand, can't play, and can't understand at once. Its voice pays attention to charm, not to be nice. I play a song "Wild Goose in Pingsha". I only pursue the taste of natural flat sand, and I feel ... I blend in. I want to pop up that smell, I have that artistic conception, that feeling, and I will be one with this piano, which is the unity of heaven and man, that is, self-cultivation and self-cultivation

Playing the piano, ten fingers move all the time, and ten fingers communicate with the heart. You might as well play the piano if you want to be old but not demented. It doesn't matter if your fingers are moving and you can't play well. Just pluck the piano itself twice, which sounds good. It's delicious. Tao Yuanming can't play the piano, but we don't regard him as a pianist. He is a stringed instrument, so he can't play it without strings. He said that he felt comfortable touching the piano every day. The ideological realm has reached the heart, and the purpose of health preservation has been achieved. Ji Kang said that if you play the piano well and combine it with your daily life, you can control your life by yourself.

Ji Kang wrote Fu Qin, which is very good. "Speaking of Qin De, don't be suspicious." The implication of this piano is too profound to guess. The piano itself is a beautiful thing, aesthetic. The enjoyment of beauty, the enjoyment of foreigners is Venus, and the enjoyment of nudity in China is a high-level understanding and realm.

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Hello everyone! I'm glad to have such an opportunity to know you today. I come from Institute of Genetics, China Academy of Sciences. I mainly study genetic evolution, that is, the origin of agriculture and cultivated plants in China. Guqin is my hobby. As far as I know, several experts have given lectures here before me, such as Chen Changlin, Li Xiangting and Jian Xu. The last two are Guqin professors from the Conservatory of Music. They studied guqin from the beginning. I'm not like them. I am a hobby, not really studying guqin, but I like guqin very much, to the point where only one guqin is enough. I have an old friend who is a famous professor at Cambridge University in England. Now he is over 90 years old. We are very good friends. After he came to China, he fell in love with Chinese guqin. He came to China for cultural exchange between China and Britain, but after learning about the traditional culture of China, he bought a good guqin. After returning to England, he devoted himself to studying the music of the Tang Dynasty in China. He was only in his thirties when he came, and now he is in his nineties. He is still unmarried and only loves a piano. As for guqin, many people don't know it. Some TV dramas and movies put the guqin in the wrong place and made some jokes. The introduction of guqin today can only be said to be a brief talk. Guqin plays an important role in the traditional culture of China. Many experts and scholars have introduced it. I can only talk about my understanding of guqin.

Let's briefly introduce guqin first. The guqin we are talking about now is the kind with a very long history. It has seven strings, also known as the lyre. The body of the lyre is made of sycamore and the strings are silk strings. As for the Sixian, there used to be a Hui Hui Hall in Hangzhou, which made the strings of the lyre from the Tang Dynasty to the Cultural Revolution, but it was destroyed in the Cultural Revolution. It is not easy to restore the Sixian now. Because guqin is made of silk strings and phoenix tree, it is also called phoenix tree. It is called Guqin now because it has an ancient history. Guqin has a long history, as long as the Chinese nation. According to legend, it was there when I ambushed it. None of the later Shennong, Huangdi and even the kings of past dynasties could not play the piano. Let's think about the times of Shennong and Huangdi. Besides growing grains, fruits and vegetables, they also need entertainment. They took a board and tied some ropes. What was the rope like at that time? It could be a rubber band. Later, there was silk in the period of the Yellow Emperor, and silk strings were made of silk, which is still in use today. In other words, a very simple wooden board with several silk threads tied to it is the earliest piano. How many strings does it start with? In the Yao and Shun era, there were five strings. Later, when I arrived at King Wen, I added two more strings. This is a seven-stringed instrument, called a lyre.

According to relevant documents, Qin has appeared since its own writing. That is to say, in the Stone Age before Xia, when hoes were made of stone, there were records in pianos, doctors and ancient books. These two things, Dr. China and China's piano, have a long history. "Qin Shu" said: "Qin's weapon, made by itself, became the Yellow Emperor. The method, such as Gankun, is used to preach Miao Dao. In ancient Ming dynasty, princes and ministers were all proficient in Yan. It was not good for people to learn to play drums, swim and listen to fish, and foam at six horses. Since ancient times, the Ming king's self-cultivation and self-discipline, and ruling the country with righteousness, all depend on the sound of the piano. Then the piano is a trick! However, those who look at the piano with artistic eyes are not. " Throughout the ages, educated and learned people, no matter what occupation, especially literati, such as Su Dongpo, Wen Tianxiang and Liu Zihou, can play the piano.

Every nation has its own music, and Qin represents the music of the Chinese nation. What music do people in China in China have? The orchestra we saw on TV came from a foreign country. What is the music that represents us in China? Is it Hu Qin? Is it a pipa? This is all created by ethnic minorities. It is clearly written in "Holy Amethyst", "Well, earth leather, wood, stone, gold and silk and bamboo are eight tones." I'm afraid some people have never heard of it. Let me show you. It is also a kind of music, one of China's eight tones. Now some people in the Conservatory can play, and all kinds of music can be played, which can be combined with the lyre. Wood is a wooden fish, stone is a chime. Now the stone chime unearthed in archaeology is a new discovery. Different sizes, rows of bells, can play all kinds of music. Gold has many things, such as chimes. In addition, there are silk and bamboo harps and bamboo flutes. Eight tones are eight kinds of ancient music. Among many kinds of music, the most representative is temple fair music. In the past, when offering sacrifices in temples, there were harps and harps, the smallest being the harp and the largest being the harp. There are fifty strings on the guzheng. Later, the guzheng was too big to wear, so it was reduced, which is the guzheng seen on TV. The guzheng has been restored. Among many kinds of music, Qin is the most representative national music in China. The most representative western music is violin and piano, and ours is this piano, which is my understanding.

As we all know, there are six classic works in ancient China, including Poems, Books, Rites, I Ching, Chunqiu and Jing Yue. The most important thing is China's classical philosophy, which is being studied all over the world. This is a great work. The astronomical geography in Yi covers everything. Guqin is a piece of music, just like philosophy. How can I put it? Say, "Infinity gives birth to Tai Chi, Tai Chi gives birth to one, and everything begins with one." One is the most basic building block in the universe. Before listening to Professor Qian Xuesen's lecture, he said, what is the most basic unit in the universe? Is it a small ","or a "-"? He said that the most basic unit in physical science research is not a point, but a point. I found it very interesting after listening to it. When did China first study the origin of the universe? It is such a "-"that everything originated from a "-",which is the first divination in the eight diagrams, that is, the dry divination. "Wuji gives birth to Tai Chi, and Tai Chi gives birth to two instruments." If it is broken horizontally, there will be two, that is, Kun Gua. Foreigners say that China has no science, and he belittles the ancient culture of China. There are still many places that need to be carefully studied here. What do some people say they want a piano for? Take it to the museum for exhibition. What kind of music is this? In fact, Qin is also very tasteful and reasonable. China hopes to have a kind of music, a kind of music that represents the Chinese nation, and this is the "-". What I'm going to talk about today is how the piano is made, which is very similar to "-". Many comrades know Qin, but many comrades have never seen it. Some people can't tell the difference between Qin, Zheng and musical instrument. In fact, Qin is also a piece. Divided into upper and lower parts, the upper part is the sky and the lower part is the ground. Above is the dry divination, and below is the Kun divination. Our ancestors wrote a lot about music, but I'm not belittling foreign western music. It has been recorded in China's music history books in past dynasties that the shape of the harp is that there is heaven above and earth below, and the thirteen emblems represent twelve o'clock ... That is to say, the lyre itself is the concrete visualization of Yi, and there are many articles in it, so I won't elaborate here now.

Our ancestors suggested that the universe originated from one, and everything originated from one, one life, two lives, three lives and three lives. All things are negative and embrace yang, and they rush to think of peace. Since then, a lot of things have been produced, and many patterns are here. Therefore, after the arrangement of two instruments, four images and eight diagrams, everything can be explained. From two instruments, four images, eight diagrams to the last seven strings, you can play whatever you want, which has changed a lot. This is also a book of changes. I like it, so I praise it. Music representing the Chinese nation is really interesting. Guqin is very rich in content. Guqin is meaningful music in this sense. It has a style, a long history and rich connotations, representing the great wind of the Chinese nation. Now the Ministry of Culture has begun to attach importance to it, and UNESCO will list it as a world cultural heritage. But for many years, it has no place, only some intellectuals and amateurs like us like it. Now even the United Nations has recognized it, and it has a place in China music scene and the world music scene.

Let me talk about the sound of the piano. It's wonderful for those of us who like piano. For those who don't, it's like playing cotton. Our country has advocated the teaching of etiquette and music since Confucius, and a country should be polite no matter how difficult it is. The so-called "Don't listen to evil, see no evil, don't say evil, don't move, there will be retribution." It is not enough to be polite, but also to have fun. Why should we have fun? If you want to cultivate yourself, you have to have fun. Confucius dreamed of Duke Zhou, and he dreamed of returning to the Western Zhou Dynasty. At that time, everyone played the piano, sang and paid attention to music, just like every family abroad plays the piano now.

What are the advantages of playing the piano? As long as you play the piano, your heart will calm down. Now that people are impetuous, playing the piano is different. So you see that all piano players are gentle and gentle, because this is the teaching of etiquette and music, and now we should publicize it well. When I talk about etiquette and music teaching, etiquette is to cultivate people's manners and attitudes, and manners should be cultivated through music education. Since it is music education, if we only compare ourselves with others and engage in decadent music, what music education can we talk about? It's impossible to play once. No, there is one feature of Chinese guqin that other musical instruments don't have: guqin is for yourself, and you can't have evil thoughts and delusions when playing the piano. Anyone can learn, even the 80-year-old can learn, cultivate and support the elderly. Children of several years old can also learn. Isn't there a five-year-old child who won an award for playing the piano in the Children's Palace? It is essentially educational, just like our school teacher taught us to sing on the organ. Aesthetic education is an education to cultivate people's quality, so lyre is a concrete measure of aesthetic education.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, every family had a piano, and all the children played it. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, which destroyed the culture at once, so the ceremony collapsed and no one learned it. So now there are only five six arts-poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, Yi, Spring and Autumn, without Jing Yue. We don't know what Jing Yue's music theory says now, but we can still learn something from various aspects today. For example, the Book of Rites contains the Book of Music. Tai Shigong also talked about some problems about Qin. The Book of Rites and Music says: "Therefore, the late king made rites and music, and the festival was for people, and the ceremony was for deeds, and the music was for the voice of the people. The government took action and the punishment was to stop it. There is no contradiction between ceremony and pleasure, and the king is prepared. The so-called' governing the people with security' is not polite, changing customs and customs, and not interesting. " Cai Yong said: "Qin is so resistant to evil and retired, and Xiu De's repair is naive." . Nowadays, the society is very complicated, and few people live to 100 years old. According to the ancient cultural tradition in China, it is a normal life span to live to 120 years old. Now let's see who can live to 120. Rarely, never heard of it. Ji Kang said that it is no problem for people to live to thousands of years old. How should we rest today, combine work and rest, and how should we arrange it? Sleeping at night is restless, and peace is rare. How can I live longer? I ruined myself. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was on the rooftop, there was a man named Gong Dou. He is 180 years old. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty knew this and wanted to live forever, so he called him and asked him what his secret was. He said that he knew nothing except playing the piano all his life. He lived in the palace, ate well and drank well, and died soon after he came back. Playing the piano can keep you healthy. Although the violin is good, it is loud. Beethoven pulled his ear. China's music can't be loud. Aren't the huqin and erhu of our nation very loud? Qin's music has a low voice, but it has a good charm. I brought two pianos, one is an ancient piano, and the other is a new one. Everyone knows what an ancient piano is and what a new piano is. We are beginners, and a piano of one or two thousand yuan will do. If you learn it, you will have a good piano in the future.

There are many articles in the piano, including astronomy, geography, universe and life. China's piano is a philosophy. Some people say that it should be called Qin culture, Dao and moral Dao. Qindao is like drinking tea with a tea ceremony. Tea has tea culture, and Qin also has Qin culture. Qin, many foreigners like it. I just said that my good friend, from Cambridge University, doesn't even marry his wife. He is just a piano, and he loves it so much. So China Qin has China Qin culture.

It is said that Kunqu Opera will set up a Kunqu Opera Academy, and Guqin will also set up an academy in the future. Our current leaders are also aware of this. If you want to learn music well, you can cultivate one's morality and govern the country, that is, cultivate one's morality, keep one's family in order, govern the country and level the world. Our country will be better when the people are well trained. "Historical Records" Tai Shigong said: "In ancient times, there were wise kings who held music, not for self-entertainment, but for indulgence and governance. Orthodox teachers all start with the sound, and the sound is right. Therefore, the musician's blood is so surging, spiritual circulation, awe-inspiring. The Forbidden City moves the spleen to combine righteousness, the business moves the lung to combine righteousness, the angle moves the liver to combine righteousness, the sign moves the heart to combine ritual, and the feather moves the kidney to combine wisdom. This is the sum of five tones, touching the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, and gaining righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. He died of frequent rashes and boils. It is Qin De who lives to be a hundred years old. Xunzi is also known as "happy and clear-minded, polite and self-cultivation, smart eyes and ears, and peaceful blood" (Song Shi Le Zhi). So I will talk about Qin's position in our country and in our history.

Let's start with Confucius. His ideal is to hope that the people of this country will govern the country with rites and music and conduct peaceful diplomacy. Now we are like this, ruling the country with rites and music. It has been written in history that China is a country of rites and music, and music is the most representative. Therefore, Premier Zhou said that Kunqu opera is very good, and Kunqu opera is an orchid in traditional Chinese opera. I said the lyre is also very good. The lyre is an orchid in music. Only after learning can you understand, can't play, and can't understand at once. Its voice pays attention to charm, not to be nice. I play a song "Wild Goose in Pingsha", and I only pursue the smell of wild geese flying in autumn in nature. I feel ... I blend in with them. I want to pop that smell, I have that artistic conception, that feeling, and I will be one with this piano, and heaven and man will be one. What do you think it is? Can you remember? No So this is self-cultivation and returning to nature. Let yourself become very peaceful and quiet, and enter what I call a "wonder-free" state, and people will be empty. But not negative. What am I doing instead of doing, but it's empty, not empty. The so-called emptiness is to empty all the messy things outside. This is the cultivation in the piano, and you can have such a realm. Wouldn't it be better to go home and play the piano today, empty yourself, sleep without dreaming, have a good dream, and go to work in high spirits the next day? Do your job well, the effect will be better If you have a little selfish idea about playing the piano, you can't play it. At least you will be free at one or two when you play the piano. Being so empty every day is the way to keep fit. If you can completely empty yourself, you will become a "fairy".

The sound of the piano is faint, the sound is very small and the charm is very good. When you play the piano, you are entertaining yourself and transforming your mind. Besides freedom, take some nutrients to nourish your brain. The brain must work during the day to absorb some nutrients. In addition to the material world, there must be a spiritual life. For the spiritual world, this piano is very good. I have previously proposed that I hope to offer guqin classes in primary schools instead of music classes. It is good for primary school students to learn this. There are dozens of students in the Children's Palace, all children, aged five to ten, all learning piano. We brought a child today, only eleven years old. Let her play in the future and see how well she plays. People who can play the piano are quiet and peaceful. The first thing people should cultivate is the teaching of musical ceremonies. China's friends predicted that China's peaceful diplomacy and China's ideological education were carried out under the guidance of Marxism–Leninism. Marxism-Leninism is a sea, and it wants all good things, so does Confucianism, because it is a cultural tradition in China. When China culture is mentioned now, it will play a good role in the world in the future. Now we are advocating etiquette and music education, ruling the country according to law and ruling the country by virtue, and this Confucian factor is included in my understanding. Inherit tradition, cultural tradition can't be lost. Marxism-Leninism has inherited the tradition, so now we see minority music on TV to carry it forward. ...

Now I'm talking about the piano itself, its manufacture and its role in a country. Confucius plays the piano every day and treats it as homework, just like reading every day, sorting out his thoughts every day. Zhu inherited Confucius, studied for half a day and sat quietly for half a day. After the Duke of Zhou, Confucius followed closely, and in the Song Dynasty, Zhu played an important role. These people all pay attention to this kind of cultivation. Playing the piano is the best qigong, which can activate qi and blood and finally reach a state. Man and nature are integrated and highly coordinated, and they are the unity of man and nature. What's wrong with this natural state? Other music is very tense. Generally speaking, music is inspiring and exciting, while piano is just the opposite. It wants you to be quiet. Playing the piano is not for the pursuit of beauty. The real piano is to play itself in a quiet state, and people are the center of heaven and earth. Where do you think the center of the universe is?

Finally, talk about piano and aesthetics. The aesthetic content of Qin is rich, and the so-called infinity, Tai Chi, two instruments and four images are all in it. Let's talk about China's piano book, which sound matches which star in the universe. Which sound and which string correspond to which star in the sky, I think the ancestors of the Chinese nation are really smart and imaginative.

The structure of the piano includes the life of the universe. A seven-stringed guqin that conforms to the standard must have nine virtues: first, it is odd, that is, the overtone is light, the scattered sound is clear, the sound is crisp and the sound is smooth; In the two ancient times, there is a golden rhyme in the gloom, and the turbidity is moderate; Transparent, clear, loud and not choking; Four silences, the radian of the piano surface is straight, and there is no sand sound and harsh sound at any point; Five embellishments, sound is not impetuous, rhyme is endless, Qingyuan is lovely; Six circles, unbroken rhyme; Seven clear, easy to hear clearly, less miscellaneous consonants; Eight company, scattered press and thirteen emblem press are unified without difference; Jiufang, the more you play, the louder it gets, and there is no disease of lack of sound for a long time. A seven-stringed guqin has these nine conditions, that is, nine virtues, which is beautiful from an aesthetic point of view. Ji Kang described the beauty of piano timbre in Fu Qin. He said, "cherishing the virtue of the piano is unpredictable; It is extremely difficult to stay away from body and mind; Good quality and beautiful hands, meet this world; Fan Lunling rings, the crown of Yixi; Those who know the sound hope that people can be precious; I can do my best in Ya Qin and I will only be embarrassed. "

Guqin is an orchid in music because of its elegant charm and perfect aesthetics.

The aesthetic significance of piano can also be illustrated by the story in Lian's Narcissus, which shows that the beauty of piano lies in empathy. If you can't feel the same, what is the beauty? A ring around the big cloister said, "In the past, it was impossible to pick it up with a piano for three years. He went to the sea with his teeth and even left, but when he heard the sea surging, Lin Xiu was in a daze and felt sad. He said, sir, you can feel it! For this world, playing the piano and singing daffodils are wonderful. It is the way to know the piano, and it is connected with God, which is a gift rather than a human gift; The combination of god rather than sound is also a palace affair. "

There are many examples of aesthetic education.

You play the piano so well that all the fish in the water jump out to listen to you. When the grazing horse hears you play the piano, it will raise its head to listen to you. This is a kind of aesthetic education, which is described as touching people and animals.

I have a bad sense of smell and can't smell the fragrance. I sometimes put a pot of jasmine in front of the piano at home. You can smell the fragrance when you play. Do you find it strange? This is my personal experience. The other one may not be accurate. I play the piano, and there is a pot of asparagus on the table. When I play the piano, the leaves of asparagus are moving, so I dare not say whether the table is moving. But the fragrance is real. I thought I was idealistic at first. I have done it several times, but I can't smell it without playing the piano. As soon as I play the piano, the fragrance comes out. It can move matter. A medical scientist studied the sound of the piano, which kind of sound can move people and which kind of sound can move animals. It is not superstition, it is seamless, plants and animals are the same, and everything emitted by the body is mixed together, which is possible and can be explained. This shows that health and aesthetics have actually developed to the present.

I can only play the piano by myself. Piano can make me calm, beautiful in mind and have a health-preserving effect. I brought two piano introductions today. This piano is a nylon silk string, and the other one is a silk string. I want you to meet it and have a look. You see how loud the wire string is, the playing effect is better; Stone is not so loud, but the timbre is better. As I said before, playing the piano is not for listening, but for cultivating one's morality. Just play and you'll know. Si Tong couldn't play diaosi at first, but after playing many songs for many years, you will understand.

The development of Guqin today is divided into two stages. Some people say that Stone should be displayed in museums and should have been eliminated long ago. This is extreme. It is extreme to say that the steel wire string is not a lyre but a steel wire string. As long as it is beneficial to national construction and quality education, it should be advocated. I like playing guzheng. I used to play the guzheng. I played guqin at the earliest time, but now I pay attention to the Qin of Tang Dynasty, Qin Tang and Qin Song. My former teacher used to have that kind of piano there, and it was really beautiful to play. In a word, it belongs to aesthetic quality education and is our cultural tradition in China. It's different from the music nearby. Look at its rich historical records, we can't lose it. I'll stop here. Let's play the piano.

Please ask your little friend Wang Rulai to play a song "Running Water".

(Music of Running Water)

Zhang Kongshan was a great violinist in Qing Dynasty. He added 72 strokes to this piece, amplifying the underwater sound. This piece of music was played in our country, and now it is also broadcast by satellite, played by the old violinist Guan Pinghu. This piece of music is of a relatively high level. Generally, the teacher won't let you learn this piece of music until you are quite familiar with the piano. We are sogeum players. Look, she plays Running Water in the Mountains very well now. There are mountains and rivers, spring and snow in the piano music. People who learn piano like these songs. For those who know the piano, this is a wonderful enjoyment. When I started listening, I was a little unaccustomed. When you listen slowly, you will find it interesting.

Just now, Running Water wrote a picture of the Yangtze River. Du Fu's poem: "The flowers near Taiwan hurt the guest's heart. From this height, I see sadness everywhere, and the silk river with bright spring is floating between heaven and earth ..." The upstream of the flowing water bounced to Jinjiang, and seventy-two rolled over the Three Gorges. About the Three Gorges, Li Bai's poems and Li Daoyuan's water classics are well written. Everyone is familiar with a poem by Li Bai: "A thousand miles in Jiangling will be returned in one day. The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man. " This is the Three Gorges. Piano music to the back, the Three Gorges came out, and the river was very open. Li Bai went to the Yellow Crane Tower to see off the guests: "The old friend stayed in the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and the fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. The lonely sail is far away from the sky, just watching the Yangtze River flow in the sky. " Poetry and painting are all in it. Now I play pingsha to describe autumn, that is, I write about the flying and ups and downs of geese in the sky of Wan Li. It's a minor. Pingsha will be expanded and expanded by Qiu Hong written by Zhu Quan, a great violinist in Ming Dynasty. It's very long, like the 25,000-mile Long March. The music of China Qin is very rich. Pingsha is for piano learners, which appeals to both refined and popular tastes.