Our elementary school language writing genres

1. There are several elementary school composition genres

Many kinds of it.

Including: narrative, lyric, argumentative, expository, application. (A), narrative essay: is a narrative, description as the main mode of expression, to remember people, narrative, writing, writing as the main content of a literary style.

1, the classification of narrative (1) from the content and expression: ① simple narrative ② complex narrative (2) from the object of writing different points: ① to write the main narrative ② to the narrative of the main narrative ③ to write the main narrative: ④ to the main narrative of the main material (2), the illustration: the main expression of the illustration, used to introduce or explain the state of affairs, nature, (b) Explanatory text: to explain the main means of expression used to introduce or explain the state of things, nature, structure, function, production methods, the development process and the cause of things, a style of writing. 1, the classification of the explanatory essay from the description of the object (content) points ① entity things ② matter explanatory essay ③ scientific fiction from the language expression ① plain explanatory essay ② literary explanatory essay 2, the characteristics of the explanatory essay (1) the content has a high degree of scientific (2) the structure of the clear rationality (3) the language has a strict accuracy (3), the application of the application of the application of the application of the essay is a kind of daily life to meet the practical needs of work and study, with the actual needs of the work of the application of the application, Work and study of the actual needs of a certain format, short, concise and popular practical style.

1, the types of application essays (1) letters of general correspondence, special letters (thank you letters, letters of praise, letters of condolence, letters of introduction, open letters, letters of proof, applications, proposals, proposals, letters of initiative, letters of employment), telegrams, remittances (2) notes, diaries, reading notes (3) official documents orders, decisions, announcements, notices, circulars, circulars, motions, reports, instructions, approvals, opinions, letters, minutes of meetings and other thirteen types (3) orders, decisions, announcements, circulars, notices, circulars, reports, reports, instructions, approvals, opinions, letters), minutes of meetings and so on. (4) Publicity Advertisements, speeches, boards, news, correspondence, product manuals (5) Notices Revelations, posters (6) Ceremonies Invitations, greetings (letters of congratulations, congratulatory telegrams), condolence messages, letters of condolence, (7) Deeds Notes (receipts, debits, collaterals, notes, leave notes, message notes, etc.), contracts (letters of agreement), conventions, (8) Biographies Biographies, local history, family history (school history, village history) (8) Biography, local history, family history (school history, village history) (8) Biography, local history, family history (school history, village history) (8) Biography, local history, family history (school history, village history) (school history, village history) (4), argumentative essays Argumentative essays are the main way of argumentation, through the facts, reasoning, and directly express the author's views and claims of the common style. (1), the classification of argumentative essays According to the content of the purpose: ① general political papers ② comments ③ miscellaneous essays (essays, miscellaneous, notes) ④ after reading the way of argument: ① thesis ② refutation of thesis.

2. Language composition of various styles of introduction

Including: narrative, expository, application, argumentative essay (a) Narrative: narrative, description as the main mode of expression, to remember, narrative, landscape, objects as the main content of a style.

1, the classification of narrative (1) from the content and expression: ① simple narrative. ② complex narrative.

(2) from the different objects of writing: ① to write mainly narrative. ② narrative mainly narrative.

(3) to write scenery-based narrative. The first is to write the story of the people in the city, and the second is to write the story of the people in the city.

(B) Description: to explain the main mode of expression, used to introduce or explain the state of things, nature, structure, function, production methods, the development process and the cause of things, a style of writing. 1, the classification of the illustration from the object (content) points: ① entity things illustration.

② things. ③ scientific fiction.

From the language of expression: ① plain description. ② Literary illustration.

2, the characteristics of expository essays: (1) the content of a high degree of scientific. (2) the structure has a clear rationality.

(3) language with strict accuracy. (C) Application: Application is a practical need for daily life, work and study, with a certain format, short, concise and popular practical style.

1, the types of application essays: (1) letters: general letters, special letters (thank you letters, letters of praise, letters of condolence, letters of introduction, open letters, certificates, applications, proposals, proposals, initiatives, letters of employment), telegrams, remittances. (2) Notes: diary, reading notes.

(3) official documents: orders, decisions, announcements, notices, circulars, notices, motions, reports, requests, approvals, opinions, letters, minutes of meetings and other thirteen. (4) publicity: advertising, speeches, boards, news, communications, product manuals.

(5) notices: revelations, posters. (6) Ceremony: invitations, messages (congratulatory letters, congratulatory messages), condolences, condolence letters.

(7) deeds: notes (receipts, debit notes, collaterals, notes, leave notes, message notes, etc.), contracts (agreement), conventions. (8) Biography: biography, local history, family history (school history, village history).

(D) argumentative essays: argumentative essays are the main way of argumentation, through the facts, reasoning, and directly express the author's views and claims of the common style. (1), the classification of argumentative essays: according to the purpose of the content: ① general political papers.

② comments. ③ Miscellaneous essays (essays, talks, notes).

④ After reading. According to the way of argumentation: ① thesis.

② refutation. In the examination room essay if there is no clear style will definitely deduct a lot of points! The scoring criteria for the examination essay: a volume: 45-50 points (the center of a clear thought and feeling of real health content) two types of volume: 37-44 points (the center of a clear thought and feeling of real health content specific) three types of volume: 30-36 points (the center of the basic clear thought and feeling of real health content) four types of volume: 21-36 points (the center of the basic clear thought and feeling of real health content) (more specific) Class IV paper: 21-29 points (the center is not clear thoughts and feelings are not enough real health content is vague) Class V paper: 20 points or less (the text is not true to the content of the distortion) What are the scoring criteria for the midterm essay? The scoring criteria for the examination essay include three aspects: content, language and structure, each of which includes five grades.

When reading the paper, the teacher will first read through the whole paper, draw out the sick sentences, misspellings, and rate the three aspects according to their merits, and then check the score sheet to get the score. Then deduct the misspelled words, punctuation, writing and word count and other deductions, and finally the actual score of the composition.

Content requirements specific, healthy, clear center, language requirements smooth, no sick sentences, the structure requires complete, detailed and slight. Knowing this, candidates have a number in mind, they can follow these to write the essay.

This is the first question. Furthermore, the teachers of the marking, braving the hot weather, hundreds of people crowded together, from morning to night, a series of reading on ten days, it is inevitable that the mood is irritable, which is also human nature.

If you take a look at this essay neatly written, correctly punctuated, as if a person dressed neatly, looking upright, natural impression is very good, that irritable mood will be relieved, replaced by a good mood. On the other hand, a look at the volume of East painted a piece, West painted a piece, like a big flower face, handwriting and difficult to recognize, the heart of the natural annoyance on the annoyance.

This good and bad mood, will certainly affect the marking of the teacher. This is another psychological problem scoring notes: 1. content, language, structure, three have the same kind of conditions, can get the upper limit of the volume of the class; with the two conditions of the volume of the class, the other belongs to the lower limit, can get the volume of the class of the medium points; with the conditions of the volume of the class of the volume of the other two belongs to the lower limit, the lower limit of the volume of the class of the points.

2. On speech defects: here speech defects refer to obvious grammatical, rhetorical or logical errors. 3. For less than 600 words, 1 mark will be deducted for every 50 words less; 2 marks will be deducted for lack of title.

4. If the test paper appears on the real name of the place or imply my name, the school, the test paper will be handed over to the leading group of marking. Writing (5 points) writing neatly, standardized 5 points college entrance examination essay scoring standards: basic grade 50 points first class (50-41) second class (40-31) third class (30-21) fourth class (20-0) meets the subject matter meets the subject matter basically meets the subject matter deviates from the subject matter center prominent center clear center basic center deviates from the subject matter Theme Salient Center Clear Center Basically Clear Unknown or Improper Content Full Content Fuller Content Thin Content Nothing Content Sense True Sense True Sense Basically True Sense False Sense Structured Structured Structured Structured Structured Structured Structured Structured Structured Structured Confused Language Fluent Language Smooth Language Smooth Language Basically Smooth Language Diseases Many Diseases Well-written Handwriting Clear Handwriting Scribbles Handwriting Indiscernible Conforms to Stylistic Requirements Conforms to Stylistic Requirements in general Conforms to Stylistic Requirements in general Not in line with the stylistic requirements Developmental Level 20 marks Profound, rich, literate, innovative 1, penetrating into the essence of the phenomenon 4, rich materials 7, vivid language, flexible sentences 10, novel insights, fresh materials, well conceived 2, revealing the problem to produce the problem 5, full of images 8, good use of rhetorical devices 11, ingenious reasoning and imagining 3, inspirational viewpoints 6, far-reaching moods 9, literary sentences 12. personality traits [Explanation] 1. The basic level scoring focuses on the meaning, content, language and style of the topic, and is a comprehensive measure.

Conformity to style means conformity to the requirements of the style chosen by the candidate according to the meaning and content of the question. 2. Developmental level scoring, based on 12 scoring points, without seeking to be comprehensive, with a point of prominence according to equal scoring, until full marks.

3. 2 points will be deducted for lack of title; 1 point for each misspelled word, repeated.

3. All genres in the language

?wtp=tt1, Poetry - Ancient Poetry Nearly Poetry Rhythmic Poetry Absolute Sentence Chu Rhetoric New Poetry Songs and Acts 2, Rhetoric and Fugue 3, Ekphrasis 4, Lyrics 5, Novels - Chi Monster Novels Anecdotal Novels Legendary Novels Talking Novels Chapter and verse novels Condemnation novels Evolutionary novels 6, prose - 1, ancient 2, records - ① monument records ② travel records ③ miscellaneous records ④ record ...... things ⑤ notes 3, ancient polemical genre --4, the ancient courtiers into the emperor's sangzhang - belong to the argumentative style - ① Shu ② table ③策 ④ satirical advice 5, preface, trekking 6, gift preface 7, historical biography - ① The Chronicle ① The Chronicle ② The Family ③ The Biography 8, Reported Literature 7, Drama - according to the type of work, there are tragedy, comedy, drama According to the subject matter, there are historical dramas, modern dramas, fairy tale dramas According to the structure of a one-act play, multi-act plays - Yuan miscellaneous dramas - prose Miscellaneous Drama 8, Applied Literature -Writing facts, stating opinions, explaining knowledge, and handling affairs.

4. Styles of Language Composition

Argumentative essays are a style of writing that analyzes and comments on an issue or event, and expresses one's own viewpoints, positions, attitudes, opinions, and propositions.

Prose is a literary genre that is equal to poetry, fiction and drama, and refers to prose articles that do not pay attention to rhyme, including essays, essays, travelogues, etc. It is the freest literary genre. It is the most free literary style, without rhyme or prose, without any constraints or limitations, and it is also the earliest form of writing in China. Usually a prose has one or more central ideas, expressed in lyrical, narrative, reasoning and other ways.

Miscellaneous essays refers to modern prose to discuss and criticize the main and has a literary meaning of a genre. It is a general term for the genre of accompanying record, short commentary, miscellaneous, gossip, rambling, satirical sketches, humorous sketches, intellectual sketches, and literary and political commentary.

The novel, also known as the miniature novel or very short story, is a direct translation of the English Flash Fiction, originally a branch of the short story, is to comply with the busy life of modern people and the development of a short novel. It emphasizes the scene, personal image, character psychology, and narrative rhythm as much as a general novel. Excellent writers can write a far-reaching mood with fewer twists and turns, or more twists and turns, but the analysis is moving and gives people close to the middle of the work.

The novel is one of the major styles of the literary genre. It is a literary genre that reflects life and expresses ideas through characterization, storytelling, and description of the environment.

The explanatory essay is a genre of writing that uses description as the main mode of expression to explain things, clarify things and give people knowledge.

5. Several common essay writing styles for elementary school students

Style refers to the genre of essay writing. Commonly used style of expression can be divided into narrative, expository, and argumentative essays. This is often referred to as the three major genres. Literary genre refers to the category of literary works, it is divided into poetry, fiction, essays and drama. 1. Narrative essays - are essays used to describe things. Time, character, place, cause, passage and effect are the 6 elements of a narrative essay.

. Describe the object is going to be from the state of motion, object form or change. Narrative writing is to describe your own personal feelings and experiences to the reader through vivid, visual language.

Narrative essays include a wide range of things, such as the story of people, diaries, travelogues, legends, news, newsletters, novels, etc., all belong to the category of narrative essays. Narrative essays are written about life, to express the author's true feelings about life.

In general, the narrative and description as the main mode of expression of the article called narrative. 2, the so-called illustrative essay - the so-called illustrative essay, is to illustrate as the main mode of expression to explain things, clarify things and give people knowledge of the article, it is through the entity of things illustrative essay of the explanation, or the abstract collation of the interpretation, so that people on the things of the form, construction, nature, type, cause, function, relationship or the concept of things, Characteristics, sources, evolution, similarities and differences, so as to obtain the relevant knowledge.

To illustrate the main illustration is the illustrative essay and other styles of writing from the expression of the different signs. In the various styles of writing, the explanatory style is a relatively independent category.

In people's social life, the illustration more and more beyond to show its important role and practical value. Real life fully demonstrates that the illustrative essay is not an insignificant form of article, but the use of a wide range of common style, it is quite close to people's production, work and life, and because of the needs of social life, the illustrative essay writing is emerging in large numbers.

2, argumentative essay - argumentative essay is an issue or something to analyze, comment, indicate their own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and claims of a style. An argumentative essay has three elements, namely, thesis, argument and argumentation.

The basic requirements of the argument are: the author's views and opinions; the basic requirements of the argument are: factual arguments (examples of famous people) and moral arguments (authoritative quotations, aphorisms, poems and commonplace sentences); the basic requirements of the argument are: comparative reasoning, metaphorical reasoning, and citing the right method. Writing an argumentative essay involves considering the thesis, considering what to use as an argument to prove it, how to argue it, and then drawing a conclusion.

It can be the first to put forward a general thesis, and then separate thesis, analyze the various sub-arguments, and finally reach a conclusion; can also be quoted first a story, a dialogue, or describe a scene, and then layer by layer from the facts to analyze the reasoning, summarize the derivation of a new conclusion. This kind of writing is called the total division style, is often used by secondary school students a way of composing.

It is also possible to put forward a question of concern at the beginning of the article, and then answered one by one, layer by layer, this is the answer to the difficult style of writing. It is also important that the author intends to put two different things in an antagonistic way to compare and contrast, and then come to a conclusion, which is the contrast writing method.

Argumentative essays are a style of writing that uses logic, reasoning and proof to explain the author's position and opinions. This kind of article or from the front to put forward a certain opinion, claim, or refute the wrong views of others.

Newspaper reviews, essays or daily life in the feelings, etc., all belong to the category of argumentative essays. Argumentative essay is also called reasoning, it is a kind of analysis of things, thesis, opinions, claims of the literary style.

The author of the facts, reasoning, right and wrong, in order to determine the correctness or wrongness of their views, to establish or deny a certain claim. Argumentative essays should be clear, well-reasoned, concise, reasonable and logical.

Argumentative essays are the main expression of argumentation, through the facts. Reasoning, direct expression of the author's views and claims of the common style. It is different from the narrative to image vivid narrative to indirectly express the author's thoughts and feelings, but also different from the illustration focuses on the introduction or explanation of the shape of things, nature, causes, functions and so on.

In short, the thesis is to convince people with reason, the narrative is to feel people, the illustration is to know people. Discussion is the author of the objective thing to analyze, comment, in order to show that the expression of opinion, claim, attitude, usually by the argument, argument, argumentation, three parts of the composition.

4, poetry - poetry is a literary genre of the main feelings, it is a lyrical way, highly condensed, focused on reflecting social life, with rich imagination, rhythm, rhyme, beautiful language and the form of the arrangement of lines to express thoughts and feelings. Poetry is a rhythmic, rhythmic and rich sense of *** color a form of language art, but also the world's oldest and most basic form of literature.

5, the novel - the novel is a style of literature, generally describing the story of the characters, shaping a variety of characters, but there are exceptions. It is a literary work with a complete layout, development and theme.

The novel is a literary genre centered on the portrayal of characters, reflecting social life through a complete storyline and specific descriptions of the environment. The value essence of the novel is to reflect in great detail and comprehensively the process of the creation, development and demise of the value relationships (political, economic and cultural) of various roles in social life in a time sequence and with a certain character as the main line, and to show the interactions of the various value relationships in a very detailed and comprehensive way, among which the value essence of the romance novel is to reflect the evolution process of the relationship between the two sexes in love, marriage and family relationships. The essence of the value of romance novels is to reflect the evolution of love, marriage and family relationships between the sexes.

Compared with other literary styles, the novel has a larger capacity, which can show the character and fate of the characters in detail, and can express the intricate conflicts, as well as describing the social environment in which the characters live. The advantage of the novel is that it can provide a whole, broad social life.

6, prose - prose (prose; essay) is a literary genre with poetry, novels, drama, refers to not pay attention to the rhyme of the prose article, including essays, essays, travelogues and so on. It is the most free style of writing, without rhyme or prose, without any constraints or limitations, and it is also the earliest style of writing to appear in China.

Usually, a prose essay has one or more central ideas, which are expressed in lyrical, narrative and theoretical ways. The form is scattered, but the spirit is not, the article writing is casual, but the words and sentences are related to the theme of the center.

Short, beautiful, vivid and interesting. The traditional sense of our country.

6. Several essay styles commonly used by elementary school students

Style refers to the genre style of composition. Commonly used style of expression can be divided into narrative, expository, and argumentative essays. This is often referred to as the three major genres. Literary genre refers to the category of literary works, it is divided into poetry, fiction, essays and drama. 1. Narrative essays - are essays used to describe things. Time, character, place, cause, passage and effect are the 6 elements of a narrative essay.

. Describe the object is going to be from the state of motion, object form or change. Narrative writing is to describe your own personal feelings and experiences to the reader through vivid, visual language.

Narrative essays include a wide range of things, such as the story of people, diaries, travelogues, legends, news, newsletters, novels, etc., all belong to the category of narrative essays. Narrative essays are written about life, to express the author's true feelings about life.

In general, the narrative and description as the main mode of expression of the article called narrative. 2, the so-called illustrative essay - the so-called illustrative essay, is to illustrate as the main mode of expression to explain things, clarify things and give people knowledge of the article, it is through the entity of things illustrative essay of the explanation, or the abstract collation of the interpretation, so that people on the things of the form, construction, nature, type, cause, function, relationship or the concept of things, Characteristics, sources, evolution, similarities and differences, so as to obtain the relevant knowledge.

To illustrate the main illustration is the illustrative essay and other styles of writing from the expression of the different signs. In the various styles of writing, the explanatory style is a relatively independent category.

In people's social life, the illustration more and more beyond to show its important role and practical value. Real life fully demonstrates that the illustrative essay is not an insignificant form of article, but the use of a wide range of common style, it is quite close to people's production, work and life, and because of the needs of social life, the illustrative essay writing is emerging in large numbers.

2, argumentative essay - argumentative essay is an issue or something to analyze, comment, indicate their own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and claims of a style. An argumentative essay has three elements, namely, thesis, argument and argumentation.

The basic requirements of the argument are: the author's views and opinions; the basic requirements of the argument are: factual arguments (examples of famous people) and moral arguments (authoritative quotations, aphorisms, poems and commonplace sentences); the basic requirements of the argument are: comparative reasoning, metaphorical reasoning, and citing the right method. Writing an argumentative essay involves considering the thesis, considering what to use as an argument to prove it, how to argue it, and then drawing a conclusion.

It can be the first to put forward a general thesis, and then separate thesis, analyze the various sub-arguments, and finally reach a conclusion; can also be quoted first a story, a dialogue, or describe a scene, and then layer by layer from the facts to analyze the reasoning, summarize the derivation of a new conclusion. This kind of writing is called the total division style, is often used by secondary school students a way of composing.

It is also possible to put forward a question of concern at the beginning of the article, and then answered one by one, layer by layer, this is the answer to the difficult style of writing. It is also important that the author intends to put two different things in an antagonistic way to compare and contrast, and then come to a conclusion, which is the contrast writing method.

Argumentative essays are a style of writing that uses logic, reasoning, and proof to explain the author's position and point of view. This kind of article or from the front to put forward a certain opinion, claim, or refute the wrong views of others.

Newspaper reviews, essays or daily life in the feelings, etc., all belong to the category of argumentative essays. Argumentative essay is also called reasoning, it is a kind of analysis of things, thesis, opinions, propositions of the style.

The author of the facts, reasoning, right and wrong, in order to determine the correctness or wrongness of their views, to establish or deny a certain claim. Argumentative essays should be clear, well-reasoned, concise, reasonable and logical.

Argumentative essays are the main expression of argumentation, through the facts. Reasoning, direct expression of the author's views and claims of the common style. It is different from the narrative to image vivid narrative to indirectly express the author's thoughts and feelings, but also different from the illustration focuses on the introduction or explanation of the shape of things, nature, cause, function, etc.

In short, the thesis is to convince people with reason, the narrative is to feel people, the illustration is to know people. Discussion is the author of the objective thing to analyze, comment, in order to show that the expression of opinion, claim, attitude, usually by the argument, argument, argumentation, three parts of the composition.

4, poetry - poetry is a literary genre of the main feelings, it is a lyrical way, highly condensed, focused on reflecting social life, with rich imagination, rhythm, rhyme, beautiful language and the form of the arrangement of lines to express thoughts and feelings. Poetry is a rhythmic, rhythmic and rich sense of *** color a form of language art, but also the world's oldest and most basic form of literature.

5, the novel - the novel is a style of literature, generally describing the story of the characters, shaping a variety of characters, but there are exceptions. It is a literary work with a complete layout, development and theme.

The novel is a literary genre centered on the portrayal of characters, reflecting social life through a complete storyline and specific descriptions of the environment. The value essence of the novel is to reflect in great detail and comprehensively the process of the creation, development and demise of the value relationships (political, economic and cultural) of various roles in social life in a time sequence and with a certain character as the main line, and to show the interactions of the various value relationships in a very detailed and comprehensive way, among which the value essence of the romance novel is to reflect the evolution process of the relationship between the two sexes in love, marriage and family relationships. The essence of the value of romance novels is to reflect the evolution of love, marriage and family relationships between the sexes.

Compared with other literary styles, the novel has a larger capacity, which can show the character and fate of the characters in detail, and can express the intricate conflicts, as well as describing the social environment in which the characters live. The advantage of the novel is that it can provide a whole, broad social life.

6, prose - prose (prose; essay) is a literary genre with poetry, novels, drama, refers to not pay attention to the rhyme of the prose article, including essays, essays, travelogues and so on. It is the most free style of writing, without rhyme or prose, without any constraints or limitations, and it is also the earliest style of writing to appear in China.

Usually, a prose essay has one or more central ideas, which are expressed in lyrical, narrative and theoretical ways. The form is scattered, but the spirit is not, the article writing is casual, but the words and sentences are related to the theme of the center.

Short, beautiful, vivid and interesting. The traditional sense of our country.

7. What are the styles of language

Argumentative essay is a style of writing in which argument is the main mode of expression.

It is through the enumeration of factual material and the use of logical reasoning, to show the views and attitudes on the issue, to explain the understanding and awareness of things. People from all walks of life need to read and write this style of writing on a regular basis in order to receive and express ideas.

The textbook contains 15 essays, 10 in modern languages and 5 in classical languages. Candidates should be able to summarize the central and sub-arguments of these essays; they should be able to classify the levels of important passages and summarize the main ideas of the levels; they should be able to recognize the types of arguments used in the essays; they should be able to identify the various methods of argumentation or refutation used in the essays; they should be able to identify the rhetorical devices used in the essays such as similes, metaphors, similes (anthropomorphisms or anthropomorphisms), proxemics, paralogisms, questioning, cross-examination, rhetorical questions, and hierarchies and should be able to briefly describe these rhetorical devices and to explain them. briefly explain the function of these rhetorical devices.

The explanatory essay is a commonly used genre. It has a wide range of applications, especially in the rapid development of science and technology in modern society, the illustration has become an important genre of articles to disseminate and master scientific and cultural knowledge, exchange and introduce the work, study, and daily life experience, methods.

The textbook selected eight illustrative essays, through the reading of these illustrative essays, we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the genre of illustrative essays. For these eight essays, candidates should be able to summarize the center and main points of the article; should be able to divide the levels of important paragraphs, summarize the level of the general idea; should be able to recognize the overall structure of the article and the order of description; should be able to briefly explain the various methods of illustration and their role; should be able to identify the text of the use of metaphors, similes, simile, comparison, couplets, questioning, cross-examination, and the hierarchical rhetorical devices, and can be briefly explain the role of these rhetorical devices. The main purpose of the study is to provide a clearer picture of the role and function of these rhetorical devices.

Narrative writing is a style of writing that records and recounts the origin of events and depicts the state of things and people. News, newsletters, reportage, biographies, travelogues, novels, fairy tales, fables, and narrative essays all belong to the category of narrative writing.

The textbook contains 13 narrative essays, including 8 modern texts and 5 literary texts. For these narrative texts, candidates should be able to summarize the central idea of the text; they should be able to divide the levels of important passages and summarize the main ideas of the levels; they should be able to recognize the narrative style of the text; they should be able to identify the methods of characterization in the text and briefly explain the role of these methods of description; they should be able to recognize the categories of environmental description in the text and briefly explain the role of these environmental descriptions; and they should be able to recognize the contrasts, padding, overall comparison and contrasts used in the text,

Contrast, side accent, overall comparison, narrative and discussion, semantic puns, symbols, hints, similes, metaphors, analogies, parallels, couplets, questions, cross-examinations, layers and other expressive and rhetorical techniques used in the text, and be able to briefly explain the role of these expressive and rhetorical techniques.