Nontraditional family

Family is collective noun, which can be interpreted as family or clan. When interpreted as family, it is a countable noun, and when interpreted as family, it is a plural noun.

Family refers to a social life unit composed of relatives based on marriage, consanguinity or adoption. [ 1]? Family is the existence of happy life.

Family can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense, and narrow sense refers to the social unit composed of monogamy; Broadly speaking, it refers to various family interest groups in different stages of human evolution, that is, families.

In terms of social settings, family is one of the most basic social settings, and it is the most basic and important system and group form of human beings.

Functionally speaking, family is the socialization of children, the support of the elderly, and the basic unit for human intimacy to meet economic cooperation. In terms of relationship, family is the same group where people with marriage, consanguinity and adoption have lived together for a long time.

Shuo Wen Jie Zi explains "home": "leaves, clumps of rice". Duan Yucai in Qing Dynasty noted: "The original meaning is □ Ye of tapirs, and it is extended to □ Ye of people". The word family is a latecomer, which basically means within a family. For example, in the Southern Song Dynasty, "The Biography of Zheng Jun in the Later Han Dynasty": "Often called a sick person, it should not be called a county." In ancient Rome, family refers to the slaves of a family, while Familia refers to all slaves belonging to a person. The ancient Romans used the word Familia to represent the social organism in which patriarchy ruled over wives, children and a certain number of slaves.

The understanding of the essence of family meaning only began in modern times. K. Marx and F. Engels thought: "People who reproduce their own lives every day begin to produce others, that is, proliferation." This is the relationship between husband and wife, the relationship between parents and children, and the family. " (The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 3, page 32) Austrian psychologist S Floyd believes that family is "the link between material life and social life". American sociologists E.W. Burgess and H.J. Locke put forward in their book "Family" (1953): "Family is a group of people united by marriage, consanguinity or adoption, and each person takes the social status of parents, husband and wife or brothers and sisters. Sun Benwen, a sociologist in China, believes that the family is a group composed of couples, children and other relatives. Hao Bin, a famous psychologist in China, believes that "the human family is the basic unit of social life composed of marriage, consanguinity or adoption". Fei Xiaotong, a sociologist in China, believes that the family is a group composed of parents and children.

Family is divided into broad sense and narrow sense, and narrow sense refers to monogamous individual family; Broadly speaking, it refers to various family forms in different stages of human evolution. There is another sentence in English: F stands for father, A stands for peace, M stands for mother, I am me, L stands for love, and Y is you. Together, it's mom and dad. I love you. That is, mom and dad. I love you.

Necessary relations of family composition: marriage, adoption, childbirth and maintenance.

Social cells:

Family is the most basic cell of society, the most important and core social organization, the most important, basic and core economic organization, and the most important, basic and core spiritual home of people. The healthy and sustainable development of family is the cornerstone of the stable development of society and the country, and "family" is the catalyst for the destruction of the country.

Functionalist:

Functionalists believe that in the past, families were mostly self-sufficient units and groups that met most of the physiological and psychological needs of family members, and had the functions of economic production, security, education, socialization and religion to reproduce material, population and spiritual wealth. Nowadays, some functions of the family are divided by education, religion and other social backgrounds. However, functionalists believe that family socialization, emotional companionship, economic cooperation and sexual norms still play an important role in the benign operation of society.

Conflict theorist:

Conflict theorists believe that the family is the main place of gender inequality, so it is the basis of many inequalities in society. Marxists believe that male-dominated families provide some important forms of unpaid labor for society, maintain the subordinate position of women and greatly promote the emergence of capitalism. Therefore, gender equality cannot be weakened until the capitalist system is overthrown.

Differences among families, relatives and families

Kinship or family: refers to a social network composed of people with the same ancestor, blood relationship or in-laws and parents. Relatives may not necessarily live together in groups and play a role, but they promise each other and bear certain responsibilities and obligations. The exact members of kinship networks are defined by specific cultural norms. In China, relatives and families are generally bounded by five clothes.

Clan: a group of families with the same surname and the same region.

Family: a relatively small indoor group of relatives, a unit composed of people who live together, work together and cooperate with each other in economic accounting. In our life, most people belong to two kinds of families. A family born and mostly socialized is a family born; A family established through marriage and childbirth is a fertility family. In modern society, people are mainly loyal to their reproductive families.

Family lineage

The way kinship and consanguinity are passed down from generation to generation.

Paternal inheritance, the father of the family is the basis of relatives and property inheritance, and men inherit property along with men.

The mother inherits, on the contrary, the property is left by the mother to her daughter.

Two-line inheritance, children's relatives and parents' families are related by blood. Both boys and girls have the right to inherit the property of both parents' families.

According to the family size, the family structure is:

domestic

Nuclear family: A family consisting of a pair of parents and minor children.

Extended family: divided into main family and extended joint family.

Master family: A family consisting of a pair of parents and a pair of married children (or other relatives).

Expand joint family: A family consisting of one parent and many married children (or other relatives).

Non-traditional family structure:

1. Single-parent family: a family where a single father or mother raises minor children.

2. Single family: When people get married, they don't get married or remarry after divorce, and live alone.

3. Reorganized family: a family composed of one spouse remarried or both spouses remarried.

4. Dink family: a family with double income, fertility but no children, romance and freedom, and enjoying life.

5. Empty nest family: a family where only the old couple live.

Other family structures:

Intergenerational families, families where unmarried children without parents live together, and other multi-person combined families arising from substantive marriage.

Current situation and trends:

The difference of family structure is mainly due to socio-economic factors, and family structures around the world are gradually changing to nuclear families, which is related to urbanization, industrialization and modernization.

1, main function

Socialization function (that is, educating and raising children to adapt them to society)

In many ways, the family is very suitable to undertake the task of socialization. It is a close small group, and parents are usually very active, affectionate and motivated towards their children. Children often rely on their parents for authority. However, parents rarely receive explicit training to socialize their children, and families are not always able to accomplish this function effectively and efficiently. More and more schools and professional institutions take on this responsibility.

In some countries, people have tried various methods to socialize children instead of families. For example, in the early Soviet Union, a new model of collective parenting was introduced, and in Israel, experiments were explored to replace families with collective farms, but these attempts ended in failure.

The core function of emotion and friendship

In modern society, for adults and children, family is the main source of emotional companionship. For children, the lack of parental care will lead to the growth of intelligence, emotion and behavior. For adults, although they will not die because of lack of love, they also need emotional care.

Judging from the current situation, the family size is getting smaller and smaller, the newlyweds live alone, and people rarely get friendship and support from outside the family, forcing family members to rely on each other deeply in emotion and companionship. Providing emotion and companionship has become the core function of modern families.

Sexual rules

For society, sex is related to pregnancy, not a personal matter. Therefore, in the general society, in order to let children get good care and smooth intergenerational transition, legal childbearing and institutionalization of sexual norms are strongly advocated.

Some current situations are that compared with the previous double standards of men and women in sex, women's sexual freedom has improved, and people are more tolerant of extramarital sex. But in this way, some people don't want to get married, and some people may not be with their spouses when they get married, which weakens the stability of feelings and companionship between spouses.

economic cooperation

For the former rural families with strong local flavor, the family is usually a major production unit. In modern society, with the development of industrialization, informationization, urbanization and modernization, the main economic functions of families have shifted from production to consumption, such as buying cars, houses and electrical appliances.

In addition, in modern society, with the increase of women's employment, women's economic dependence on men in the family is decreasing.

The above is the relevant research of modern American society. However, in China society, the family is bound to play an important role in supporting the elderly and maintaining racial continuity.

The role of family in children's physical and mental development

Family relations and family education are divided into dictatorship, protection, peace and cooperation.

The task of family education:

1, according to the children's situation, formulate family education plans and measures, and closely cooperate with the school to do a good job in education;

2. Strengthen children's ideological, moral and healthy personality education;

3. Create favorable conditions for children's school education;

4. Protect children's physical and mental health and enhance their physique.

I hope it can help you solve the problem.