What are the types of databases

Commonly used databases are:

1. Relational database

Relational database was invented by E.F. Codd of IBM in 1970, it is a tabular database in which data is defined so that it can be used in many different ways to which it can be reorganized and accessed. A relational database consists of a set of tables in which the data belongs to predefined categories. Each table has at least one data category in a column, and each row has a specific data instance for the category defined in the column.

2. Distributed database

Distributed database is a type of database where the database is stored in multiple physical locations and the processing is dispersed or replicated between different points in a network. Distributed databases can be either isomorphic or heterogeneous. All physical locations in a homogeneous distributed database system have the same underlying hardware and run the same operating system and database applications. The hardware, operating system, or database application in a heterogeneous distributed database may be different at each location.

3. Cloud databases

Cloud databases are databases optimized or built for virtualized environments. Cloud databases offer benefits such as the ability to pay for storage capacity and bandwidth on a per-use basis, as well as scalability and high availability as needed. Cloud databases also offer organizations the opportunity to support business applications in software-as-a-service deployments.

4. NoSQL databases

NoSQL databases are very useful for large distributed data sets. noSQL databases are very effective at solving big data performance problems that cannot be solved with relational databases. They are most effective when organizations must analyze large amounts of unstructured data or data stored on multiple virtual servers in the cloud.

5. Object-Oriented Databases

Items created using object-oriented programming languages are typically stored in relational databases, but object-oriented databases are ideally suited for these items. Object-oriented databases are organized around objects (rather than operations) and data (rather than logic). For example, multimedia records in a relational database can be definable data objects rather than alphanumeric values.

6. Graph databases

Graph-oriented databases are NoSQL databases that use graph theory to store, map, and query relationships. A graph database is basically a collection of nodes and edges, where each node represents an entity and each edge represents a connection between nodes.