What is the core of Confucianism?

Confucianism, also known as Confucianism or Confucianism, is an ideological system with "benevolence as the core" and "people are precious" Confucianism, or Confucianism for short, is the most important traditional culture in China.

Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faithfulness, forgiveness, loyalty, filial piety and filial piety have a far-reaching influence on China.

According to the latest research results of "The Boy Asked Yi" published by People's Publishing House, the core of Confucianism, as far as individuals are concerned, is the "five elements" of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and morality;

As far as society is concerned, it is a moral concept, that is, fraternity, kindness, fairness (covering "China"), justice (covering "righteousness"), honesty, trustworthiness, innovation, civilization, harmony, democracy and the rule of law. It is the cornerstone of the core values of our society.

1, benevolence: kindness. The theoretical core of Confucius' ideological system. It is the highest ideal and standard of Confucius' social politics, ethics and morality, and also reflects his philosophical views, which has a far-reaching impact on later generations. "'Benevolence treats people in an orderly and harmonious way' is the origin of Confucius' thought and the core of Confucianism."

Benevolence embodied in politics is to emphasize "rule by virtue", and the basic spirit of rule by virtue is to love the people and help others. Confucius introduced benevolence into the ceremony and changed the traditional "rule by virtue" into "rule by virtue". He did not deny "rule by virtue", and his "rule by virtue" is undoubtedly the inheritance and transformation of "rule by virtue". Love is the essence and basic content of benevolence, and this kind of love is pushing yourself and others, from kissing to being popular.

2. Meaning: the original meaning is "appropriate", that is, the behavior is suitable for "ceremony". Confucius regards "righteousness" as a moral principle to judge people's thoughts and behaviors. "Righteousness (friendship) suits people.

Duan Yucai commented on Shuo Wen Yan Wen Bu, saying: "Righteousness and benefit, ancient and modern characters, Zhou Zhiyi and Han Yi are all words of benevolence and righteousness today." Righteousness consists of gentleman's righteousness and villain's righteousness. A gentleman is more righteous than me, and a villain is less righteous than me. Big self, for the public, for society; The ego is partial to the party, and so is the so-called' buddy loyalty' today. "(Chen Zhisui's Collection of People in Beijing and Tang Dynasties")

3. Political ethics of Confucius and Confucianism. In the long-term historical development, "Li", as the moral norm and life norm of China feudal society, has played an important role in cultivating the spiritual quality of the Chinese nation. However, with the reform and development of society, especially in the late feudal society, it has increasingly become a rope that binds people's thoughts and behaviors and affects the progress and development of society.

4. Wisdom, like knowledge, is the basic category of Confucius' epistemology and ethics. Refers to knowing, understanding, opinions, knowledge, intelligence, wisdom, etc. The connotation mainly involves the nature, source, content and function of knowledge. Regarding the nature of knowledge, Confucius thinks that knowledge is a moral category and a knowledge about human behavior norms.

5. Credibility: refers to the attitude of being honest and not deceiving, and being consistent with words and deeds. As one of the "five permanents" of Confucianism. Confucius regards "faith" as an important embodiment of "benevolence", and "benevolence" is an essential virtue of sages. Anyone who is true and credible in words and actions can gain the trust of others, those in power will keep their promises, and the people will treat each other with true feelings and will not bully the weak and fear the hard.

In addition, there is forgiveness: don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. This is forgiveness and tolerance.

6, loyalty: I want to stand up and stand up, I want to reach out and touch people. Confucius believes that loyalty is manifested in loyalty and honesty in dealing with people.

7. Filial piety: Confucius believes that filial piety is the foundation of benevolence. Filial piety is not limited to supporting parents, but should focus on respect for parents and elders. It is considered that without filial piety, supporting parents will be regarded as raising dogs, which is a big violation and unfilial. Confucius also believes that parents may be at fault, and children should politely persuade and try to correct them, rather than obey their parents absolutely. These thoughts are the embodiment of China's ancient moral civilization.

However, when Confucius talked about filial piety, he also said that "parents are here and don't travel far" and "it is filial piety if you don't change your father's way for three years", which shows the limitations of his time. Filial piety was defined as a complex ceremony by later Confucianism. It is stipulated in the Book of Rites that after the death of parents, "water slurry is not allowed to enter, and fire does not rise for three days", "crying countless times" and even "dying of illness" have become self-destruction of spirit and body.

During the Song and Ming Dynasties, filial piety was regarded as one of the most important categories in moral theory, and philosopher Zhu advocated the absoluteness of patriarchy. In the evolution of different historical periods, the concept of filial piety has some reasonable factors besides advocating feudalism. It advocates children's "respect", "respect" and "providing for the elderly" to their parents, combines filial piety with loyalty to the country's righteousness, and advocates thin burial after death.

8. hey: it means a good impression on my brother. Confucius attached great importance to filial piety. According to his thoughts, his disciples called filial piety and filial piety "the foundation of benevolence".

Extended data:

Brief introduction of Confucianism;

Confucianism is the most influential school in ancient China after Dong Zhongshu's "exclusive respect for Confucianism". Confucianism, as the embodiment of China's inherent value system, is not an academic or school in the usual sense. Generally speaking, especially in the pre-Qin period, Confucianism was one of the most influential schools. And Mohism. During the Qin Shihuang period, "burning books to bury Confucianism" was hit hard, and the idea of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" rose after being put into practice in the Han Wudi period.

The connotation of Confucianism is rich and complicated. On the basis of absorbing the essence of ancient books and periodicals, it gradually developed basic theories and ideas, that is, emphasizing unity and emphasizing the monarch, minister and father.

Confucius, the founder of the Confucian school, broke the monopoly of the ruling class on education for the first time, changing from "official learning" to "private teaching", so that traditional cultural education spread to the whole nation. In this way, Confucianism has a solid national psychological foundation, which is accepted by the whole society and gradually Confucianism the whole society. Confucianism adheres to the principle that "Tao cannot be three generations and law cannot be two kings" (Xunzi Wang Zhi).

The essence of Confucianism includes pre-Qin Confucianism, Confucius' benevolence and propriety, the ritual and music system in the pre-Confucius era, Confucius' benevolence and propriety, Confucius' filial piety, filial piety in the Analects of Confucius, filial piety in the Book of Filial Piety, Confucius' outlook on life and the background of Confucius' outlook on life.

The characteristics and connotation of Confucius' outlook on life, the guiding significance of "self-cultivation", Confucius' theory of life problems, Confucius' attitude and realm of life, Confucius' and his disciples' aspirations, words and silence in speech and action, Mencius' theory of good nature and Mencius' mission, Mencius' theory of benevolent government, Xunzi's theory of evil nature and rule of courtesy, and the evolution of Confucianism.

Dong Zhongshu's Confucianism, Zhou's, Zhang's, Cheng's and Zhu's Neo-Confucianism, Xiangshan's and Yangming's Neo-Confucianism, the cultural response of western learning spreading to the east, and the rise of Confucian cultural circles. The concepts of Confucianism, Confucianism and Confucianism should be distinguished. Confucianism, as a theory, as a stratum and as a belief, is both the same and different, and needs to be distinguished.

2. Confucian leadership

For the precious traditional culture of the Chinese nation, everything in China is based on tradition. Only the national is the world. Many contemporary foreign thinkers are reflecting on the running mode and trend of society and feel the potential crisis. The result of many thinkers' reflection is to turn their eyes to China, and the focus of attention is the golden mean.

As time goes on, the value and importance of the doctrine of the mean will become more and more obvious, which has already been shown. The Doctrine of the Mean is the most continuous culture in the world, and it is also the most valuable core spirit and concept among many cultural schools in China.

China's traditional leadership philosophy, represented by Confucianism, sets out from explaining the most primitive laws of the world and life, makes the most incisive exposition and analysis of the leadership theory, and defines the connotation of leadership in the most essential and accurate way. "If you don't test its source, you can't understand the changes of ancient and modern times; If you don't know its gains and losses, you can't get it. "

Contemporary Confucianism is mainly used in enterprise management. The application of leadership wisdom derived from Confucianism is a compulsory course for contemporary enterprise leaders, and its application in enterprise management has become the core concept of contemporary managers.

3. Cultural influence

(1) Confucianism has a profound influence on China culture. For thousands of years, feudal society only taught four books and five classics. The traditional thoughts of responsibility, the doctrine of the mean and loyalty and filial piety are all the results of their combination with feudal rule. Therefore, Confucianism is the mainstream of contemporary thought.

(2) Confucianism has existed in China for thousands of years, and it still has great potential influence on China's politics and economy.

(3) Modern enterprise management has also injected a lot of Confucianism.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Confucianism

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-the Core of Confucianism