Phonetic Contrast of Korean Language

The common language of Korea is Korean (Korean) "Korean ()", and Korean is the main language in the world. More than 70 million people around the world speak Korean. Modern Korean is divided into six dialects: Central, Northwest, Northeast, Southeast, Southwest and Jeju. Except for Jeju dialect, other dialects are relatively close, and the phonetic difference is not very big. 1936, South Korea's central dialect centered on the capital Seoul was the basis of modern standard Korean, and the pronunciation was based on the central dialect. Korean, recording phonetics, is a phonetic symbol created by 1443 under the auspices of the fourth king of Korea, King Sejong. Traditionally, there were 28 letters, but later it was gradually reduced and merged with 4 letters. In modern times, the Korean phonetic symbol * * * has 24 letters. Vowel 10, consonant 14. Korean is a sticky language with rich phonetic expressions. Korean and Chinese belong to two different language families, and Chinese belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family. Han family is uncertain; Chinese is a language with tones, while Korean is a language without tones. Although Chinese and Korean belong to different language families, under the strong influence of ancient Chinese on Korean in history, Korean contains a large number of Chinese loanwords (about 70%). The pronunciation of Korean and Chinese loanwords is similar to that of Chinese. It stands to reason that Korean college students should have little problem in learning Chinese, but students find it very difficult to learn pronunciation, because the pronunciation of the two languages is similar. The characteristics of Korean students learning Chinese phonetics also give us inspiration in phonetics learning. In phonetic learning, there are often similar pronunciations in the target language and the mother tongue, which is the most difficult for learners to master.

Let's make a general comparison between the phonetic systems of Korean and Mandarin Chinese:

Korean vowel: 2 1

Vowel 10

[a]？ [ia]？ [eo]？ [ieo]

[o]？ [io]？ [u]？ [International unit]

[EU]? [I]

Compound vowel 1 1

[ae]？ [yae]？ [e]？ [leaf]

[wa]？ [wae]？ [Wei]? [weo]

[Wei]? [wi]？ [EU 1]

Korean consonant: 19

Consonant 14

[k]？ [n]？ [t]？ [r，l]

[m]？ [p]？ 【s】？ [O，ng]

[zh-j]？ [ch-q]？ [k']？ [t']

【p '】？ [h]

Five compound consonants

【gg】？ [dd]？ [bb]？ [ss]

[zz]

national language

Vowel: 10

A [a] o [o] e [？ ]/[e] i

u[u]u[y]& amp； aelige[E] i[？ ]

I [? ]er[& amp； Ocirc][& amp； laquor]

Compound vowel: 29

Ai, Ai, O, O.

iA，ie，ie，uA，uo

ue[yε] iao[iau] iou[iou] uAi[uai]

uei[uei]An[An]en[& amp； Laquo is in ...

Ian, Ian, You, Ann. Cents; Guan [Yan]

uen[u & amp； Laquon] Ang [example? ]eng[& amp； laquo？ ] ing[i？ ]

ong[o？ ] iAng[io？ ]uAng【ua？ ]ueng[u & amp； laquo？ ]

long[io？ ]

Consonant: 22

P is pronounced m and f.

D [t] n.l

g[k] k[k'] h[x]

j[t & amp； ccedil]q[t & amp； ccedil]x[& amp； ccedil]

zh[t？ ] ch[t？ ] sh[？ ] r[？ ]

z[ts] c[ts'] s[s]

ng[？ ]

Through comparative analysis, we can see that Mandarin Chinese and Korean (Korean) have certain similarities and differences in vowels and consonants.

Similarity of consonants: Korean (Korean) consonants and Mandarin Chinese consonants have the following phonemes.

[p]、[ p & ampAacute]、[m]、[t]、[t & amp； Aacute]、[n]、[l]、[k]、[k & amp； Aacute]、[ts]、[ts & amp； Aacute]、s、N

The difference of consonants: There are no consonants below Mandarin in Korean.

[f]、[ t & ampccedil】、【t & ampccedil]、[ & ampccedil】、【t？ ]、[t？ ']、[? ]、[? ]

Similarity of consonants: The throat sound [h] of Korean (Korean) is similar to the root sound [x] of Mandarin, although the pronunciation parts are different. In addition, some Koreans [ts], [ts', [s] are used to the pronunciation of the tip of the tongue touching the upper gum, and the sound is between the flat tongue and the tip of the tongue.

Korean (Korean) synthesized consonants? [? K], is it? [? T], right? [? P], is it? [? S], is it? [? Ts] What are the pronunciation parts and consonants? [k], is it? [t], is it? [p], is it? [s], is it? [ts'] is also true, but the former is a tight tone. When pronouncing, the throat is tense, the glottis are closed, the airflow is blocked in the throat cavity, and then it rushes out of the glottis. These five consonants have no corresponding consonants in the pronunciation of Putonghua.

In addition, in the consonant system of Putonghua, except n[n] ng[? ], vowels are not followed by other consonants, but there are seven kinds of sounds (consonants) [k], [t], [p], [n], [l], [m] and [? ], which is different from Chinese pronunciation.

Similarity of vowels: Korean (Korean) vowels and Mandarin Chinese vowels have the following phonemes.

[e]，[& amp； laquo]、a

The difference between vowels: Korean (Korean) has no vowels below Mandarin:

[F], [E], [? ]、[? ]、[ & ampOcirc]、[? ]、[y]

No [&; Microscopic; ]、[o]、[Q]

It is worth noting that the vowel o[? ], u[y] Because the pronunciation parts are closer? [o], is it? The pronunciation of [iu] is similar, o[? ] and then what? [o] are all roots, but o[? ] The opening is large. [A small opening. U[y] is a pinch of stress. [iu] is a compound vowel with a transition from the tip of the tongue to the root of the tongue.

In addition, Korean (Korean) has no tone, and the awareness of intonation is not strong.

In many Chinese Pinyin textbooks compiled by North Korea and South Korea, Korean letters are usually used as phonetic symbols for Chinese Pinyin, which is convenient for students to read and remember. The phonetic notation is as follows:

The first letter of Chinese Pinyin-Korean (Korean) phonetic notation

b-？ p-？ m-？ f-？ d-？ t-？

n-？ l-ute； ]? h[x]？ j[t & amp； Thorns; ]?

q[t & amp； Thorns; & ampAacute]? x[& amp； Thorns; ]? zh[t ]？ ch[t & amp； Aacute]?

sh[ ]？ r[& amp； frac 12； ]? z[ts]？ c[ts & amp； Aacute]?

s[s]？

Through the recognition and reading of Chinese Pinyin in Korean, it can be seen that there are some differences between the initial phonetic notation in italic Korean and the actual pronunciation of Chinese initial. The following initials are difficult for Koreans to learn Chinese initials:

China English Learning Network

The first eight initials are not found in Korean, so it is difficult for Korean students to master them. The last three initials, Korean consonants, have these three phonemes, but the tip of the tongue is close to the upper gum when pronounced, which is different from the flat tongue pronunciation in Chinese. These three initials are also difficult for students to master.

Chinese phonetic vowels-Korean (Korean) phonetic notation

A-? o-？ (? )e-？ (? ) I- You-? You-?

Uh-? Ai-？ Eh-oh- You-? iA-？

That is-? uA-？ uo-？ ue-？ iao-？ IOUs-?

uAi-？ uei-？ A-? Um-? At-? Hmm?

Ian- uAn-？ uAn-？ uen-？ Ang-？ eng-？

ing-？ Ang- Ang- Huang-? ueng-？ How long has it been?

& ampaeligE [e[E]-No phonetic notation? /[? ]、[? ]-The two variants of this phoneme have no phonetic symbols.

In the phonetic notation of Korean vowels, the following sounds are different from the actual pronunciation of Chinese mica:

o-？ (? )e-？ (? )u-？ You-? Uh-? Ao-？ You-? iao-？

IOUs-? Ian- uAn-？ eng-？ ueng-？

& ampaeligE [e[E]-No phonetic notation? /[? ]、[? ]-The two variants of this phoneme have no phonetic symbols.