Some questions about Thailand

Thai is the official language of Thailand. It belongs to the Dong-Tai language family of Zhuang-Dong language family. Thai is an analytical language, and different tones can distinguish vocabulary and grammar.

Thai and Taiwanese

Thai () and Taiwanese are all translated from English Thai. Thai in English can refer to a language or a group of languages. Generally speaking, articles written in Chinese should be written in Thai when expressing a language, and in Taiwanese when expressing a group of languages including Thai.

dialect

The status of many dialects is controversial.

Standard or Central Thai, spoken by 25 million people (1990), the official language of Thailand; Bangkok Thai can be regarded as one or an independent dialect of standard Thai.

Holat, with 400,000 users (65,438+0,984), is used in Lohan, Thailand (where the air is poor).

Northeast Thai (Ethan). The dialect of Ethan in Thailand is sometimes considered as Lao. Number of users150,000 (1983).

Northern Thai (Thai Yuan or Lanna) spoken by 6 million people (1983).

Southern Thai (Pak Thai or Dambro) spoken by 5 million people (1990).

Malay or Pattani. 3 million users (1998).

Taishan Dam. It is used by 500,000 people in Vietnam.

National Taiwan University, Vietnam or other areas125,000 people (1990).

Phuan or Phu Thai has 400,000 users (65,438+0,993), mainly outside Thailand.

Dai language (law). There are 78,000 users in Thailand (65,438+0,993) and about 250,000 to 654,380,000 users in China.

Song. The number of users is about 20,000 to 30,000 (1982).

Shan language is spoken by about 3 million people in Myanmar (1993).

(Statistical data source: Ethnologue 2003- 10-4)

Phonetic system

consistent

Thai has three groups of stops:

Not aspirated, clean

Breathe, clear

Not inhaling, turbid

In most Chinese stops, there are only unvoiced vowels (such as the initial of "wave") and unvoiced vowels (such as the initial of "slope") [p? ]), while Thai has a set of unventilated voiced sounds (such as [p], [p? On the contrary, like the initial of "po" in Wu dialect and Xiang dialect).

[p]，[t]，[k]，[m]，[n]，[？ ]、[? ], [w] and [j] can be used as endings.

vowel

pay attention to

Pentatons: [33], [2 1], [45], [14], [4 1].

vocabulary

The basic vocabulary is mostly monosyllabic. Absorbed a lot of Sanskrit and Pali vocabulary.

Thai is the national language. However, English is also widely used, especially in shops, restaurants, tourist attractions and hotels. English is almost a business language. English road signs in Thailand are national.

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field

Kingdom of Thailand: also known as Siam, Kingdom of Thailand.

King bhumibol adulyadej of Tai Huang: Emperor Rama IX.

Prime Minister: thaksin shinawatra, Chin Na Yue.

Area: 5 1.7 million square kilometers

Population: 65 million

Capital: Bangkok

National flower: water lily

Location: Located in Indo-China Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It borders Myanmar in the north and west, Laos in the northeast, Cambodia in the southeast and Malaysia in the southernmost part. Thailand, formerly known as Siam, is the most exotic country in Southeast Asia. Thailand is known as the "country of smiles" by the world, with countless amazing places of interest, unique culture and customs handed down from generation to generation. Sincere and hospitable people warmly treat foreign friends anytime and anywhere, which is a friendly country and a happy holiday resort.

Thailand is located in the middle of Indochina Peninsula, bordering Cambodia in the east, Myanmar in the west and northwest, Laos in the northeast and Malaysia in the south. The national area is about 510.4 million square kilometers, equivalent to France, with a coastline of more than 2,600 kilometers. Thai people compare the territory of the country to the head of an elephant, with the crown in the north, the ears in the northeast, the mouth in Siam Bay and the trunk in the south. There are 76 provinces and 573 counties in China, and the king is deeply loved and respected by the people all over the country. Any disrespect to the king will be regarded as illegal and punished. Of the Thai population, 73% of Thais are farmers, 1 1% are in Bangkok, and 16% are in other towns. The population density is about 0/20 people per square kilometer/kloc, while the population in the central plain area exceeds 400, and more than one third of the population is concentrated in the central area.

climate

Thailand has a tropical monsoon climate, hot and humid. The whole year is divided into three seasons: hot, rainy and cool. The hot season is from March to May, the rainy season is from June to September, and the cool season is 10- February of the following year. The annual average temperature is 28℃, and the annual temperature difference is small. The average temperature in April is 30℃, and the average temperature in February is 65438+25℃. It seldom rains in cool season and hot season, which is also called dry season.

traffic

Bangkok don mueang international airport is one of the most modern international airports in Asia, 28km away from the center of Bangkok, and it is the main gateway for tourists to enter Thailand. The air traffic conditions in Thailand are good. There are flights between Bangkok and major cities, but the railway traffic conditions are poor and the fares are relatively low. Long-distance buses are the main means of transportation between cities. The urban traffic in Thailand is relatively crowded, and all major cities have various means of transportation, including: public transportation-there are many bus lines in the city, and the fares are also cheap, with ordinary fares ranging from 3.50 baht to 6 baht; Large air-conditioned buses charge according to the distance, generally ranging from 6 baht to 16 baht, and small air-conditioned buses charge 25 baht. The road map of the bus can be bought in bookstores, hotels, tourist goods stores and offices of Thai tourism agencies, and the price is about 40 baht. Taxi-there is a fixed charge standard for taxis in the hotel. Guests usually need to prepare small change. The fare in downtown Bangkok is usually between 50 baht and 150 baht. Three-wheeled taxis-also known as DuDu taxis-are very common and suitable for short trips in urban areas. The fare is cheaper than ordinary taxis, ranging from 30 baht to 80 baht. Boat-There is a special sailing line on the Chao Phraya River, which is very distinctive and cheap. It takes 90 minutes to get to the center of warm Li Wu by boat near Meinan Hotel, passing through Chinatown, Grand Palace and Wangzheng Temple, and the fare is about 5 10 baht.

Do as Romans do in Rome. When you come to Thailand, it is necessary to know some local customs:

1. Thais are used to "put their hands together and bow their heads to each other" and often greet each other with "Shawadhika" (meaning "hello" in Thai). When others greet you with folded hands, you should also return the gift with folded hands, otherwise it is impolite. After folding, there is no need to shake hands to greet or say goodbye, but the monk does not have to return the gift to the layman. The handshake ceremony when meeting or saying goodbye has not become popular in Thai society.

2. When addressing people's names in Thailand, the word "Kun" is added before the name, which means "Mr.", "Mrs." and "Miss".

Thais are forbidden to point their toes at others, even when sitting, which is considered impolite. Touching the other person's head or waving it on the other person's head is considered insulting and forbidden.

Thai people think that the right hand is noble, but the left hand can only be used to take some unclean things. Therefore, everyone should use his right hand to show respect when handing things to others. On more formal occasions, it should be presented with both hands, and using the left hand will be considered as contempt for others. If a woman wants to give something to a monk, she must entrust it to a man. If the gift is given by hand, the monk will open his yellow robe or towel and accept what the lady handed him, because monks are not allowed to touch women.

5. Respect religion. The temple is a sacred place recognized by the Thai people, so anyone who enters the temple must be dignified and tidy, and must not wear shorts, miniskirts, topless clothes or other inappropriate clothes. In the temple, you can wear shoes, but when you enter the Buddhist temple, you must take off your shoes and be careful not to step on the threshold. Every Buddha statue, big or small, damaged or not, is sacred. It is absolutely forbidden to climb the Buddha statue to take pictures or make disrespectful actions against the Buddha statue.

6. Respect the royal family. Portraits of kings and members of the royal family can be seen everywhere in Thailand, such as coins, paper money, calendar cards, wall charts and so on. , showing respect for the royal family. Visitors should pay attention to showing proper manners. For example, when there are royal people present in public, it is best to pay attention to other people's actions and follow suit.

7. Don't make indecent moves in public places, such as avoiding kissing, hugging or shaking hands with Thais in public places. Some beaches allow naked sunbathing, but in other places, Thais don't like this behavior. Although it does not violate the law, it violates the Buddhist concept of Thai people.

prescribe a diet

Thai people's staple food is rice, and they like to eat hot and sour. As it is hot all the year round, they are used to drinking iced tea. Thai food usually uses fresh materials, and the taste of the dishes is mainly spicy, and there are many kinds of seasonings, such as pepper, curry, rain dew, shrimp sauce, coconut milk and so on. Thai food is mostly composed of light food, including fish, vegetables and rice, plus some spices and sauces. But no matter whether the meal is rich or not, there must be soup, which is similar to the Cantonese style in China.

money

Thai currency is called Thai baht, and 1 Thai baht is equal to 100 shadang. There are two kinds of coins: copper yellow and tin white: copper yellow is 20 chardonnay and 50 chardonnay; Tin white is 1 baht and 5 baht. Brown notes 10 baht, green notes 20 baht, red notes 100 baht, and yellow notes 500 baht.

Equation of time; equation?of?time;?time?difference

7 hours earlier than Greenwich Mean Time and later than Beijing Time 1 hour.