What are the answering skills of ancient Chinese poems in senior high school? The formula is issued! thank you

Full score answer formula of China's ancient poetry appreciation in college entrance examination

-sorting out the problem-solving skills of poetry appreciation

The first mode analyzes images and artistic conception.

Q: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?

Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express?

Answer analysis: This is one of the most common questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.

Answer steps:

(1) describe the picture in the poem. It also accurately summarizes that candidates should grasp the main scenery in poetry and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful.

② Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, vigorous and magnificent, bleak and desolate, etc. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery.

③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but also to answer "sentimental" why.

Example of answer:

Two quatrains (I) Du Fu

Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers. Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.

Note: This poem was written by the poet when he temporarily lived in Chengdu Caotang after "four tours at one year old". What kind of scenery does this poem depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Please analyze it briefly.

A: This poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the spring is bright, the fields are green, the river reflects the sunshine, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts, the soil is wet, the swallows are busy building their nests with mud, the sun is bright, the beach is warm, and Yuanyang is still sleeping on the sandbar (the first step). This is a beautiful spring scene (step 2). It shows the poet's happy and carefree state of mind after his wandering life (the third step).

The second pattern analysis skill type

How to ask questions: What expressive techniques are used in this poem?

Variant of questioning: Please analyze the expressive technique (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect?

Answer steps:

(1) Accurately point out the technology used.

(2) Explain why this technique is combined with poetry.

(3) How can this technique effectively convey the poet's feelings?

Example of answer:

I went to Chen long ago.

Dewdrops invaded the camel's brown, Han Xiao was bright, and the stars were dry and bright. Lonely bridges and dreams, grass insects in the depths of rice fields are singing.

What does this poem mainly express? What's the effect?

A: Mainly use the method of comparison (the first step). The sky is not bright, the stars are vertical and horizontal, especially bright, which sets off the darkness of the night; "Grass insects sing" reflects the silence of the environment (step 2). The contrast between the two highlights the loneliness brought by the poet's early travel and inner wandering (the third step).

The third mode analyzes language features.

Q: What are the linguistic features of this poem?

Question variant: Please analyze the language style of this poem. On the language art of this poem.

Answer steps:

(1) Use one or two words to accurately point out language features.

(2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem.

(3) Point out how the author's feelings are expressed.

Example of answer:

Heartbroken in spring

Get rid of the oriole, get rid of all the music on the tree. They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp.

Please analyze the linguistic features of this poem.

A: The language characteristics of this poem are fresh and natural, colloquial (the first step), and "yellow" is a child's voice, which shows the innocence of women. "They woke her up when she was dreaming and said that she had gone to the camp in western Liaoning to meet him there." In simple language, the oriole was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband (step 2). This naturally shows the woman's longing for her husband (step 3).

The fourth mode of font refining

Q: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why?

Problem variant: one sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it?

Solution analysis: the ancients paid attention to refining words in poetry, which is to ask for the beauty of these refining words. When answering questions, we should not talk about this word in isolation, but put it in a sentence and analyze it with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.

Answer steps:

(1) Explain the meaning of this word in the sentence.

(2) Expand the association and put the word in the original sentence to describe the scene.

(3) point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses.

Example of answer:

Nanpu Bie Bai Juyi

In the bleak drudgery of Nanpu, the autumn wind is bleak. Turn back immediately, my heart is broken, so I can leave and don't look back.

According to the predecessors, the word "Kan" seems ordinary, but in fact it is very vivid and can really reveal the image of the lyric hero. Do you agree with this statement? Why?

A: I agree. Look, in the poem, it means to look back (the first step). I left people, and I often looked back. Every time I look back, I feel deeply grieved. This word makes us seem to see the tearful image of the lyric hero (step 2). The word "look" alone vividly shows the sadness of parting (step 3).

The fifth mode is full of poetry.

Q: One word is the key to the whole poem. Why?

Solution analysis: ancient poetry is very particular about conception, and often a word or a word constitutes the clue of the whole poem. Grasping this word proposition can often test the examinee's grasp of the whole poem.

Answer steps:

The role of the word (1) in highlighting the main idea.

(2) Consider the role of words in the structure of poetry.

Example of answer:

One spring night, Li Bai heard the flute in Los Angeles.

Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles. Who can't get homesick when they hear that there is another village in the serenade?

The word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the moral of "breaking willow"? Do you agree with "key"? Why?

A: "Folding willow" means "parting", and the theme of poetry is homesickness (the first step). This homesickness is caused by hearing the flute sound of the song "Broken Willow" (the second step). It can be seen that "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem.

The sixth mode is emotion and theme.

Q: What kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed? What is the theme of this poem?

Question variant: What kind of social reality does this poem reflect? What kind of interest does this poem show? Or ask questions in combination with artistic conception, or ask questions for a sentence or a couplet.

Answer steps:

(1) What is written in each sentence (or related sentence) of the poem?

(2) What expression skills are used?

(3) What emotions are expressed?

For example, read the following Song lyrics and then answer this question. (8 points) (2006 National Volume II)

Nankezi Rebecca

The mountains are dark and the weather is cold and rainy. Several branches were bright and wet, and they were red with tears. Don't feel sorry for the east wind.

The hat faces outwards and ditches are everywhere. Hard work is a problem concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. Get a plow and look forward to a good year.

(Note) ① Agriculture, countryside and farmers: refer to spring ploughing, summer sowing and autumn harvest.

(2) Try to analyze the content of Xiaque and the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the poem.

A: It describes the life of peasants' hard struggle, and gives a sigh that "hard work on earth is three rural issues". (Step 1) (Skip step 2 because there is no special expression skill) It expresses farmers' desire for good weather and abundant crops. (Step 3)

Read the following Tang poem, then answer this question. (8 points) (2005 National Volume II)

Bai Juyi is homesick from winter to day in Handan.

Every winter solstice, I am accompanied by the shadow in front of the knee lamp. If you want to sit at home late at night, you should also talk about travelers.

[Note] Winter solstice: one of the 24 solar terms, is an important festival in the Tang Dynasty.

(2) How did the author write Homesickness?

A: Late at night from the winter solstice, my family is still sitting around the lamp, talking about themselves as long-distance travelers. (Step 1) The author mainly expresses his homesickness through this imaginary picture. (Step 2). (The topic in the third step has explained emotions) (Imagine 1, and the picture is described as 2)

The seventh evaluation problem model

Question: the evaluation question is to list one or several poems first, and then quote the comments of ancient poetry critics or later generations on the characteristics of poems, asking you to judge whether this comment is correct or reasonable first, and then explain the reasons. This kind of question is similar to the judgment and reasoning question in the political history exam. In fact, this type of question is only a variation of the first six types of questions, and there is no direct question. Students need to analyze their own questions, whether they are content, theme or expression skills, and then combine the questions with poems to make appropriate statements.

Answer the idea:

(1) Examine the questions carefully.

(2) Read and understand poetry deeply.

(3) Answer questions in combination with poems and comments.

Attention to answering questions: closely follow the content of the poem and analyze it from point to surface; When explaining the reasons, you should stick to the key words of the comments.

Example of answer:

Chibi Du Mu

A broken iron halberd sank into the sand and disappeared, only to find that it was the remnant of Battle of Red Cliffs after grinding and washing. If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid the outcome will be Cao Cao's victory and Er Qiao's detention in Tongquetai.

Someone once quoted "a grain of sand to see the world, half a flower to talk about human feelings" to summarize the artistic characteristics of this poem. Do you agree with this view? Please briefly explain.

Analysis: This is a typical poem evaluation question. The original intention of the poem is very clear, but the proposer borrows a western poem to summarize its artistic characteristics, so he should change his mind when answering. The so-called "a grain of sand sees the world, and half a flower talks about human feelings" means seeing the whole leopard from a small perspective. In this paper, Er Qiao, two daughters of Wu State, an unearthed cultural relic, is used to show the political changes during the Three Kingdoms period.

This is an epic poem, which expresses feelings about the rise and fall of the country. It can be said that the content is big and the theme is big, but the poet expresses it through "small things" and "small things". This poem is a small cultural relic, "Broken halberd", which is associated with the turbulent years before the division of the Han Dynasty. Thinking of the heroes in the Chibi War can be said to be "seeing the world in a grain of sand". The last two sentences relate the fact that "Er Qiao" has not been caught to the big theme of Wu Dong's hegemony and tripartite confrontation, which is tangible and affectionate, and can be described as "half-petal talk about human feelings".

The eighth mode comparison and evaluation questions

Question: Give two or more poems for students to compare and read, and then analyze and evaluate their similarities and differences.

Answer the idea:

(1) Read through these poems and master their ideological content and main writing methods, including the background knowledge of the writers' works.

(2) It is necessary to combine the perspectives of comparison (ideological content, feelings, artistic techniques, writing methods, rhetorical methods, etc. ) Seek the difference of poetry in the stem.

(3) pay attention to the combination of point and surface, both overall analysis and specific analysis. Pay attention to clarity and hierarchy when expressing.

For example: 16. Read the following two ancient poems and then answer this question. (6 points) (2005 Zhejiang Volume)

Du Mu, a title of Qi 'an County, China.

On the bridge of Erji Sunset Creek, half a ray of light smoke is in the willow shadow. How many violets depend on each other and hate each other, looking back at the west wind for a while.

Yang Wanli on the lotus pond at dusk

The grass shook its head and suddenly reported Nong, and the shawl stopped a westerly wind. The lotus is still hot at dusk, and its lower face is hidden in a blue umbrella.

(2) What expressions are used in these two poems to depict the image of "He"? Please point out the different emotional characteristics of "Lian" in the two poems and make a brief analysis. (4 points)

Analysis: There are two problems in the topic. The first question is about the similarities in expression, so we don't need to analyze them, just write them out. Of course, if you specify them, that's right. The second question needs to analyze the emotional differences expressed in these two poems, so we should answer these two aspects according to the emotional theme mode when answering questions.

A: The first question: They all use personified expressions.

The second question: the "violet" in the previous song has a "hate" and a "return to the west wind". (Step 1) It contains the poet's hatred, showing the feeling of sadness and injustice, with a sad tone. (Step 2) The "Lotus" in the back song was blown into the lotus leaf by the west wind, which seemed to be "worried about the heat", but it was actually shy. The first step shows the author's love and joy, and the tone is lively and interesting. (Step 2)