Report on the experience of traditional culture inspection during the Spring Festival

Spring Festival is the first day of the first lunar month, also known as Lunar New Year, commonly known as "Chinese New Year". This is the biggest and most lively traditional festival in China. The Spring Festival has a long history, which originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors in the beginning and end of the Shang Dynasty. According to the China lunar calendar, the first day of the first month is called Yuanri, Chen Yuan, Jacky, Yuanshuo and New Year's Day. Commonly known as the first day of the first month. It was changed to Gregorian calendar in the Republic of China. 1 day in the solar calendar is called New Year's Day, and 1 day in the lunar calendar is called Spring Festival. The Spring Festival is coming, which means that spring is coming, everything is renewed, vegetation is renewed, and a new round of sowing and harvesting season is about to begin. People have just spent the long winter when flowers and trees are dying in the ice and snow, and have long been looking forward to the day when spring blooms. When the new year comes, it is natural to greet this festival with joy and singing. For thousands of years, people have made the annual custom celebrations extremely colorful, which has also become a valuable historical and cultural wealth of our country. 1. Survey content: Spring Festival activities and other festivals and activities before and after the festival. 2. Investigation time: 20 12 13- 10. 3. Survey method: First, make statistics on the Spring Festival customs through the Internet or the mouth of the elderly, and then pay attention to these local Spring Festival customs and activities according to different places. Communicate with the elderly in the activities, understand these activities, and pay attention to observation in the activities, understand the characteristics of these activities in today's times and the differences with the past, then write a survey report on the Spring Festival customs in small areas, and finally make a summary. 4. Survey results: Through everyone's efforts, we personally experienced the Spring Festival customs and special activities in some parts of Henan, gained a deep understanding of the traditional Spring Festival culture during the activities, and were proud to be descendants of the Chinese people. (1) Other festivals and activities before and after the festival: ① 23rd of the twelfth lunar month (offering sacrifices to stoves): 23rd of the twelfth lunar month is an important folk festival before the Spring Festival, which is called "offering sacrifices to stoves". In order for the Kitchen God to speak well of the Jade Emperor in the sky, every household should put up a memorial tablet of the Kitchen God, and some even wrote "Heaven speaks well, lower bound" on both sides of the memorial tablet. It means Kitchen God's farewell dinner. . At this time, people can't help but welcome the joy of the New Year, stop all kinds of work in their hands, and are busy with the sacrificial activities of offering sacrifices to the gods years ago. On the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, the first round of firecrackers was set off in urban and rural areas of the Central Plains. City residents are busy buying sesame candy, fire and other food for offering sacrifices to stoves. In the vast rural areas, preparations and grand ceremonies for offering sacrifices to stoves gradually began in the deafening sound of guns. Ceremonies for offering sacrifices to stoves are mostly held at night. When offering sacrifices to the stove, the people who offer sacrifices to the stove kneel in front of the statue of the stove and hug the rooster. Some people even let children hold chickens and kneel behind adults. It is said that the chicken is the horse on which jujube ascended to heaven, so the chicken is called a horse instead of a chicken. Such as red rooster, commonly known as "red horse" and white cock, commonly known as "horse". After ordering the incense table, the cigarettes in the room were filled with mysterious colors. The host poured wine and kowtowed, muttering something. After reading it, the burning lamp shouted "collar"! And then pour the chicken head with wine. If a chicken's head flutters, it means that Grandpa Jujube has been ungrateful. If the head of the chicken doesn't move, it needs to be watered again. After the ceremony, people began to eat food, such as stove, candy and fire. In some places, they also eat sugar cakes, oil cakes and tofu soup. In Henan, the typical food for offering sacrifices to stoves should be the first stove candy. Kitchen candy is a kind of maltose that sticks to the mouth and teeth. The reason for offering sugar to the stove is to stick the mouth of the stove owner. Legend has it that Lord Zao is a god sent by the Jade Emperor to supervise good and evil. He has the responsibility to communicate with people, to connect the feelings between heaven and earth, and to convey the information between fairyland and the world. When it went to heaven, people gave it stove candy, hoping that it would eat sweets and say good things in front of the Jade Emperor. It is also said that the candy used for offering sacrifices to the stove is not stuck on the mouth of the stove owner, but on the mouth of the grandmother who is greedy and loves to gossip. In addition to eating stove candy, fire is also a very distinctive seasonal food on the day of sacrifice. On the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, the business of biscuit stalls in the city is booming. People gathered together and rushed to buy sacrificial stoves and burn them. In rural areas, most of them are made by themselves, made of flour and kang. The whole family is very lively and has the flavor of off-year, so some areas also call off-year people to regard the festival of offering sacrifices to stoves as a reunion festival after the Mid-Autumn Festival. Anyone who works, does business or goes to school in other places should try to get home before the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. If you can eat the sacrificial stove cooked at home, you will be protected by the kitchen god and your family will be safe in the coming year. ②: Sweep the dust on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month (the 25th of the twelfth lunar month in some areas). According to "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals", China had the custom of sweeping dust during the Spring Festival in the Yao and Shun era. According to the folk saying: Because of the homonym of "dust" and "Chen", sweeping dust in the Spring Festival means "getting rid of the old and not being new", and its original intention is to sweep away all bad luck and bad luck. This custom has placed people's desire to break the old and create new ones and their prayers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Whenever the Spring Festival comes, every household should clean the environment, clean all kinds of electrical appliances, remove and wash bedding curtains, sweep six yards, dust cobwebs and dredge culverts in open channels. Everywhere is filled with the joyful atmosphere of cleaning and welcoming the Spring Festival cleanly. About ten days before the first day of the Lunar New Year, people began to be busy shopping, including chicken, duck, fish, tea, wine, oil, sauce, roasted seeds and nuts in the north and south, fruit with sugar bait, couplets and so on. They should also prepare some gifts to visit relatives and friends during the New Year in China, and children should buy new clothes and hats to wear during the New Year in China. On the first day of the first month, people get up early, put on the most beautiful clothes, dress neatly, go out to visit relatives and friends, and wish each other a happy New Year. There are many ways to pay New Year's greetings, some of which are led by the same patriarch from door to door. Some colleagues invited several people to pay New Year greetings; Others get together to congratulate each other. This is called "group worship". Because it takes time and effort to pay New Year greetings at home, some elites and scholars later congratulated each other with stickers, thus developing the later "New Year cards". ⑤: Go back to my mother's house on the second day of the first month. This is similar in all parts of the country. On this day, my daughter, son-in-law and granddaughter will visit my grandmother's house to pay New Year greetings. ⑤: During the period from the third day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the first month, relatives and friends will pay New Year greetings, give gifts to each other, get together at home, eat and talk. ⑦: Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month, also known as Shangyuan Festival, is the first full moon night of the New Year. Most relatives get together to eat glutinous rice balls at night, which means reunion. Lantern Festival and fireworks show are held everywhere. In ancient times, there was the custom of solve riddles on the lanterns on lanterns, but now most of them are replaced by fireworks shows. Today: On the 16th day of the first month, most people choose to travel today after the New Year's reunion with their families, and officially start their work in the new year. (2) New Year's Eve ①: Posting New Year pictures (posting Spring Festival couplets and inviting door gods) is also called door couplets, Spring Festival couplets, couplets and peach symbols. It depicts the background of the times and expresses good wishes with neat, dual, concise and exquisite words, which is a unique literary form in China. Every Spring Festival, no matter in urban or rural areas, every household should choose a pair of red Spring Festival couplets and stick them on the door to add festive atmosphere to the festival. This custom began in the Song Dynasty and was popular in the Ming Dynasty. By the Qing Dynasty, the ideological and artistic quality of Spring Festival couplets had been greatly improved. Liang Zhangju's monograph Poetry of Spring Festival couplets discusses the origin of couplets and the characteristics of various works. There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, which can be divided into door heart, frame pair, cross string, spring strip and bucket square according to the place of use. The "door core" is attached to the center of the upper end of the door panel; The "door frame pair" is attached to the left and right door frames; "Cross-dressing" is posted on the crossbar of the door; "Spring strips" are posted in corresponding places according to different contents; "Dou Jin", also known as "door leaf", is a square diamond, often attached to furniture and screen walls. In some areas, stick grilles is very popular, and the word "Fu" is posted backwards. In the folk, people also like to stick various paper-cuts on the windows-window grilles. Window grilles not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also integrate decoration, appreciation and practicality. Paper-cutting is a very popular folk art in China, which has been loved by people for thousands of years. Because it is often pasted on the window, it is also called "window grilles". With its unique generalization and exaggeration, window grilles show auspicious things and good wishes incisively and vividly, and decorate festivals with colorful colors. While putting up Spring Festival couplets, some people have to put large and small "Fu" characters on doors, walls and lintels. Sticking the word "Fu" during the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom in China. The word "Fu" symbolizes good luck and wishes for a happy life and a bright future. In order to fully reflect this yearning and wish, some people simply put the word "Fu" upside down, indicating that "Fu has arrived" and "Fu has arrived". Others elaborate the word "Fu" into various patterns, such as longevity, longevity peach, carp yue longmen, abundant grains, dragons and phoenixes, and so on. It is also common to hang New Year pictures in urban and rural areas during the Spring Festival. Thick black and colorful New Year pictures add a lot of prosperous and joyful festive atmosphere to thousands of families. New Year pictures are an ancient folk art in China, which reflects people's simple customs and beliefs and places their hopes on the future. New Year pictures, like Spring Festival couplets, originated from "door gods". ②: Setting off firecrackers: China has a saying of "setting off firecrackers". That is, when the new year comes, the first thing for every household to open the door is to set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Moreover, people think that firecrackers can drive away evil spirits, drive away diseases, and keep the home safe. Eating and keeping New Year's Eve is one of the most important annual activities, and the custom of keeping New Year's Eve has a long history. The earliest record can be found in the Local Records of the Western Jin Dynasty: on New Year's Eve, all parties give gifts to each other, which is called "the year of giving back"; Wine and food are invited, which is called "not old"; Young and old get together to drink and wish a complete song called "age division"; Everyone stays up all night, waiting for dawn. This is the so-called "shou sui". On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together, eat New Year's Eve, light candles or oil lamps, sit around the stove and chat, wait for the time to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year, and keep vigil all night, which symbolizes driving away all evil diseases and epidemics and expecting good luck in the new year. This custom gradually became popular. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, wrote a poem "Shou Sui": "Cold words and winter snow, warm with spring breeze". To this day, people are used to celebrating the New Year's Eve. In ancient times, observing the age has two meanings: the old man's observing the age means "resigning from the old", which means cherishing time; Young people keep their age in order to prolong the life of their parents. Since the Han Dynasty, the time for the alternation of the old and new years is generally at midnight. Through investigation, it is found that different nationalities, surnames and different regions have different customs of celebrating the Spring Festival, and some ethnic groups in our province, such as Han, Hui and Manchu, have different customs of celebrating the Spring Festival. Different surnames and different places have different time and procedures for celebrating the Spring Festival. For example, some people celebrate the Spring Festival at noon, while others celebrate it at night. Because of eating habits and other factors, the eating style and various festivals during the Spring Festival are different in the northern and southern cities of our province. For example, in some areas in the south of our province, rice products such as rice cakes are very popular during the Spring Festival, while in the north, we eat more pasta such as jiaozi. Except for some minor differences, customs in different parts of China are mostly the same. Due to the great ethnic integration and common ethnic beliefs for thousands of years, China Spring Festival culture with unique China characteristics has been formed, and under this background, regional Spring Festival culture with local characteristics has been formed, which has also expanded the market for Spring Festival tourism in contemporary society. These Spring Festival cultures have become the most precious wealth of the Chinese nation in the process of resigning the old year and welcoming the new year, and have become the new highlights of our economy in the current economic crisis. V. Significance of the survey: Through this survey, we have a further systematic and in-depth understanding of traditional festivals in China, enhanced our national pride and self-confidence, increased our understanding of traditional culture, and cultivated our awareness of protecting traditional culture, especially the traditional culture that is about to disappear. Although we used to celebrate the Spring Festival every year, we seldom learned about these Spring Festival cultures except for playing. This survey allows us to discover the profound connotation of the Spring Festival in our personal experience of the joy and happiness of the Spring Festival, and also to understand some disappearing Spring Festival culture and some intangible cultural heritage accompanying the Spring Festival culture, so as to carry forward the Spring Festival culture, serve the socialist modernization, socialist harmonious society and socialist new countryside construction, and truly become our precious wealth.