Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - Do the Chinese have their own religion?
Do the Chinese have their own religion?
The religion practiced by the majority of the Chinese people today is not Buddhism, nor is it Confucianism or Taoism, but rather "godless religion". Confucianism and Taoism are regarded as Chinese religions, there are some truths, because they are China's native generation, but accurately speaking, Confucianism is not a religion, should be called "Confucianism", that is, "Confucianism"; and Taoism in the process of absorbing a large number of Buddhist theological theories, can no longer be regarded as China's indigenous Taoism, in the course of its development, absorbed a lot of Buddhist theological theories, and can no longer be considered a local Chinese religion, and can even be considered a "cult". In fact, China does not have its own religion. Religion, known as one of the "social ideologies", is founded by some people on the basis of some formed ideas about the universe, worldview, values, etc., and thus derives precise doctrines, rules, rituals and theological ideas, which have considerable philosophical significance, and form a clear "view of God" and "view of the afterlife". It has considerable philosophical significance and has formed a clear "view of God" and "view of the afterlife". The "view of God" refers to what believers consider to be God, and the "view of the afterlife" refers to the question of the belonging of human souls that believers believe in. Without the concepts of God and the afterlife, it cannot be called a "religion". The reason why "Confucianism" cannot be established is that Confucianism has never established a clear view of God and the afterlife, and can only be classified as a kind of philosophical thought. Confucianism arose during the Spring and Autumn Period in China, and was separated from the "Hierarchy" represented by Confucius and Mozi, which included Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi, and other schools of philosophical thought. During the Han Dynasty, Confucian scholars interpreted Confucianism into Jingxue, Weixue, and Xuanxue, which absorbed the rituals of classical Confucianism, such as Zhu, Shi, and Bu. In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu and other Confucian scholars, in order to reject Buddhism, incorporated part of Taoist thought into Confucianism, thus giving rise to the Confucian "Taoist doctrine". After the Song and Ming Dynasty, a large number of absorbed Buddhist and Taoist ideas, and generate "science", represented by Cheng Zhu school, but still a philosophical and academic ideas, and did not include the scope of religion. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, Kang Youwei wrote "Confucius Reform Examination", saying that Confucius was the founder of "Confucianism", and called Confucianism "Confucianism", there is a "Confucianism". In fact, this is a blackmail, Confucianism is still academic thinking, and religion is not connected. The so-called "Temple of Confucius", in fact, for the legend of Confucius lecturing place, should be called "Confucius Forum" is more appropriate, and religion has nothing to do with. "Taoism is said to have been created by Laozi (Li Er, also known as Laozi) during the Spring and Autumn Period, but this is not true. The founder of Taoism was Zhang Daoling (张道陵) in the Eastern Han Dynasty (东汉时代), who founded the religion around 142 A.D. The religion absorbed the knowledge of ancient Chinese sorcery and the rituals of early Confucianism such as sorcery, voodoo, and divination. As the condition for joining the religion was the payment of five dowers of rice, it was also known as the "Five Dowers of Rice Tao". Later, the disciples of Taoism honored Zhang Daoling as "Zhang Tianshi", and Taoism has been called "Tianshi Dao" ever since. Taoism absorbed the metaphysical ideas in Laozi's Tao Te Ching, and honored Laozi as "Taishang Laojun", and took Tao Te Ching, Zheng Yi Ching, and Taiping Dongting Ching as its canonical texts. North and South Dynasties, the Northern Wei Songshan Taoist Kou Qianzhi development of music reciting commandments of the new law, change Taoism for the "new Tianshidao"; Southern Mount Lu Taoist Lu Xiujing collation of three holes in the scriptures, the preparation of rituals, Taoism began to systematize. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the North and South Tianshidao and Shangqing, Lingbao, Jingming sects fusion, the Yuan dynasty to form the "Zhengyi school" Taoism. 1167, Wang Chongyang founded the "Quanzhen school", prevalent for a while, Taoism was officially split into "Zhengyi school", "Quanzhen school", "Quanzhen school" and "Quanzhen school". "In 1167, Wang Chongyang founded the Quanzhen Sect, which became popular for a while, and Taoism officially split into the Zhengyi Sect and Quanzhen Sect. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Taoism mixed with Buddhism, confusing the Buddhist view of God with the view of the afterlife, but failed to establish its own complete theological theory system, therefore, Taoism has evolved into a kind of superstition, and is no longer a religion. Some people say that Taoist thought is Taoist theory, but this is not the case. "Taoism" is the pre-Qin Laozi, Zhuangzi and other philosophical schools of thought collectively, and Confucianism school of thought in opposition to, and later with the "name", "law" combined to form the "HuangLaoXue", "HuangLaoXue". "During the Wei and Jin dynasties, because of the prevalence of metaphysics in Confucianism, Taoism fused with metaphysics, together with the penetration of Buddhist thought, Taoism gradually evolved into Taoist thought, but it was not directly related to Taoism. Most importantly, Taoist thought does not have a clear view of God and the afterlife. Buddhism has a complete view of God and the afterlife, but like Islam, it is a foreign religion that did not originate in China. The founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama (565-486 B.C.), was originally a Nepalese prince who grew up in the royal palace. Out of a sense of life, death, and human nature, as well as boredom with the extravagant life of the royal palace and dissatisfaction with the theocratic rule of "Brahmanism" (i.e., Hinduism), which ruled over the entire Indian Peninsula at that time, he left his wife and son and became a Buddhist monk at the age of 29, leaving his wife and son behind. At the age of twenty-nine, he abandoned his wife and son and left his home to seek the Way. It is said that he did not succeed in his quest for many years, but after six years of asceticism, he "became a Taoist", founded "Hinayana Buddhism", and began to teach and educate the people in all directions. At that time, because Siddhartha Gautama preached in Hindu-controlled areas, his disciples combined the "Hinayana teachings" with the "Brahmanical" view of God and the afterlife as well as some of the theological ideas, and set them into the "Scriptures", "Laws" and "Sutras". They combined the "Hinayana teachings" with the "Brahmanism" concepts of God and the afterlife, as well as some theological ideas, to form the "Sutra", "Dharma", and "Discourses" of the "Tripitaka", i.e., "Mahayana Buddhism". In addition, it established the idolatry of many "gods" and "Buddhas". Its view of God is to take each "bodhisattva" and "deity Buddha" as God and carve them into idols for worship, and its view of the afterlife is the "six paths of reincarnation" known to the later generations (the view of reincarnation greatly influenced Taoism in the Song and Ming dynasties). (the concept of reincarnation greatly influenced Taoism during the Song and Ming dynasties). It was introduced to China during the Western Han Dynasty, and was soon "localized", absorbing the superstitious ideas of ancestor worship and witchcraft that had been passed down in ancient China, giving rise to the "Chinese-style Buddhism" of bodhisattvas and gods and buddhas that exists nowadays. During the Tang Dynasty, Songtsen Gampo, the king of the serfs in Tibet (also known as Zangpo of Tubo), converted to Buddhism under the leadership of his two wives (one of whom was the famous Princess Wencheng), which greatly influenced the local Tibetan religion of the time, "Benjaminism" (or "Benjaminism"). In the eighth century A.D., the Buddhist monk Lotus Sang entered Tibet and introduced Buddhism to the world in the form of Tantric Buddhism and Tantric Buddhism. Buddhism and Benzoism interacted and fused to form "Lamaism", also known as "Tibetan Buddhism", a branch of Buddhism. Buddhism's view of gods and the afterlife is extremely irrational: the total number of Buddhist bodhisattvas and deities has exceeded 30,000 since the early introduction of Buddhism into China, and there are even more today, and there are temples to these bodhisattvas all over the world, where they are worshipped and their idols are enshrined; however, these idols are either carved out of gold, silver, wood, and stone, or encased in clay, so that once "a great flood has washed over the temple of the Dragon King," they not only cannot save themselves, but also have to be saved. They are not only unable to save themselves, but also have to be rescued by their followers, which can be said to be an incomparable contradiction; and according to the theory of "reincarnation", those who do good deeds are still reincarnated as human beings, and those who do evil deeds are reincarnated as livestock, so that the global population should be in a balanced and unchanged or even declining trend, but according to the scientific facts, the total global population is not decreasing, but is not. However, according to scientific facts, the total global population has not been reduced and there is even a population explosion nowadays, which shows the fallacy of the concept of "reincarnation". Nowadays, Chinese folk "folk culture" is actually a combination of ancient Chinese sorcery and the Chinese lunar calendar date calculation method, coupled with the infiltration of Taoist and Buddhist worship rituals, which has evolved into ancestor worship, heaven worship, moon worship, praying for blessings, fortune telling, fortune-telling, physiognomy, etc. According to the "scientific concept of development", it should be called the "scientific concept of development", and should be called the "scientific concept of development". According to the "scientific concept of development", the so-called "folk activities" should be called "superstitious". According to our country's political and cultural purposes should have been banned, but with the "folk culture" has been "promoted" and flourish, is really a sad. There is also a social ideology that we can call "religion", although it is called philosophical thought, but its fundamental definition should be religion, it is "atheism", because it has a very clear view of God and the afterlife, and a set of very complete theoretical system, which can be called "atheism". It can also be called "atheism" because it has a very clear view of God and the afterlife, and a very complete theoretical system, which can be called "atheism", and its view of God is "without God", i.e., "human-centered", which can be expressed as "human as God". Its view of God is that "there is no God", i.e., "human-centered", which can also be expressed as "human beings are God"; its view of the afterlife is that "there is no afterlife", which can be expressed as "death is like extinguishing a lamp". "Atheism originated from the atheistic historical materialism expounded by some philosophical schools of thought in the ancient Greek and Roman eras during the period of 600-400 B.C. In China, the germ of atheism appeared during the Spring and Autumn Period (also during the period of about 700-400 B.C.). But none of them formed a systematic philosophical thought. In the eighteenth century, French and German materialist philosophers such as Diderot and Feuerbach summarized atheistic ideas into philosophical doctrines. Until the middle of the nineteenth century, Marx, a German Jew, summarized atheistic thought with historical materialism and dialectical materialism and established a systematic atheistic system. It can be said that Marx was the official founder of "atheism". Interestingly, Marx's close friend, Friedrich Engels, was a devout Christian. At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, "atheism" was introduced into China, which led to the upheaval of the political and cultural system of China at that time. The "heaven" theory of "atheism" is now often referred to as "****productivist society". The whole "atheism" is in fact a foreign product, a genuine "foreign product", not a product of Chinese localization. The "Godless religion" has an obvious social drawback, which is that it advocates the idea of "absolute materialism" and has artificially outlawed the theory of "good and evil will be rewarded in the end" and developed into the theory that "everyone can do whatever he wants. The extreme notion that "everyone can do whatever he wants" has given rise to social problems such as "money worship", "hedonism" and other spiritual and cultural rot, and has hollowed out the concept of "morality" and even "ethics". morality" and even "law", causing social instability. Nowadays, there are fewer and fewer atheists in many countries because many people have gradually realized that atheistic thinking does not bring spiritual satisfaction and happiness, so they continue to go back to other religions to find ways to satisfy their souls. So China does not have a religion of its own. A Christian preacher said that if a religion belongs to only one country or nation, then the history of the "god" practiced by that country or nation will certainly not exceed the history of that country or nation, because it is only when there is a country or nation that there can be a "god" for them. The reason is that there must be a country or nation before there can be a "god" for that country or nation. What exactly should the Chinese people believe in? This is a question worth thinking about.
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