What kinds of traditional tea are there in China?

There are many kinds of tea because of different producing areas and different production techniques. China divided tea into green tea, black tea, oolong tea, scented tea, pressed tea and white tea. In addition, there are various new varieties such as instant tea and teabags. Precious green tea varieties include Longjing Tea, Biluochun Tea, Huangshan Mao Feng Tea, Lushan Wuyun Tea, Lu 'an Guapian Tea, Mengding Tea, Taiping Monkey Kui Tea, Junshan Yinzhen Tea, Guzhu Sun Zi Tea, Xinyang Maojian Tea, Pingshuizhu Tea, Xishan Tea, Yandang Mao Feng Tea, Huading Wuyun Tea, Yongxi Huoqing Tea, Jingting Lvxue Tea, Emei Errui Tea and Duyun Maoxue Tea. Precious black tea varieties are: Qi Hong, Dianhong and Hong Ying Oolong Tea: Wuyi Rock Tea, Tieguanyin Tea, Fenghuang Dancong Tea and Taiwan Province Oolong Tea Tea. Precious pressed tea varieties include Pu 'er tea, Liubao tea and white tea. Precious varieties of Baihao Yinzhen tea and Bai Mudan tea are 30 north latitude-the high-quality tea producing area is in China, and it is also a high-quality tea producing area. 1. China, the main producing area of famous tea in China, is the motherland of tea. Tea producing areas are distributed in a vast area from Sanya, Hainan Island, with a latitude of18 north to Wuyuezhai, Lingshou County, with a latitude of 38 Taihang Mountain. Tea areas are ever-changing. The author found that most famous teas in China are produced around 30 north latitude. Undoubtedly, famous tea is the representative of excellent tea quality, while the production of traditional famous tea needs a good natural environment, profound cultural heritage and exquisite processing technology. Some "famous teas" that have passed the appraisal once or twice are often short-lived and cannot stand the test of history. By analyzing the ten recognized traditional famous tea producing areas, we found an interesting phenomenon: Longjing is produced in Shifeng Mountain, meijiawu, Wengjiashan, Yun Qi, Hutiao Mountain and Lingyin in Zhejiang, located at 3015' north latitude; Dongting Biluochun is produced in Dongting Mountain, Taihu Lake, Jiangsu Province, and is located at about 3 1 north latitude. Junshan Silver Needle is produced in Zhongjun Island, Dongting Lake, Yueyang, Hunan, with a latitude of 2915'; Mengding Gan Lu, produced in Mengding Mountain, Mingshan County, Sichuan Province, with a latitude of 29 58'; Mao Feng in Huangshan, Anhui Province is just at 30 08' north latitude; Lu' an melon slices are produced in the adjacent mountainous areas of Lu' an, Jinzhai and Huoshan counties in Anhui Province. It is divided into two producing areas: inner mountain melon slices and outer mountain melon slices. The "Qishan Business Card" produced by Qitou Mountain is the best among the melons in Lu 'an. Qitou Mountain used to belong to Lu 'an, but now it belongs to Jinzhai County, located at 3138 ′ north latitude; Qimen, one of the four largest black teas in the world, is located between 29 35 ′ and 30 08 ′ north latitude, including Xinyang Maojian tea (produced at 3213 ′ north latitude) and Anxi Tieguanyin tea (located at 25 07 ′ north latitude). Judging from the above ten famous tea producing areas, there are six famous teas, namely, West Lake Longjing, Junshan Yinzhen, Huangshan Mao Feng, Mengding Gan Lu, Lushan Wu Yun and Qiyang Black Tea, Dongting Biluochun, Lu 'an Guapian and Xinyang Maojian (adjacent to this latitude) within 301~ 2 north latitude. Only the famous oolong tea Anxi Tieguanyin is not in this area. In addition, many famous teas such as Laozhu Dafang (3011'-30 07'), Enshi Ganlu (29 50' north latitude), Ningbo White Tea, Guzhang Maojian Tea, Shimen Dongshan Xiufeng Tea and Cai Hua Maojian Tea are also produced near 30 north latitude. 2. It runs through two high-quality tea producing areas in China. In China, 30 north latitude is not only rich in famous tea, but also runs through the upper reaches of Xin 'anjiang River, a traditional famous tea producing area in China, and Wuling Mountain, a new famous tea producing area. As we all know, the upper reaches of Xin 'anjiang Delta, represented by Qimen County, Shexian County, Tunxi County, Jiangxi Wuyuan, Zhejiang Hua Kai and Chun 'an, is famous at home and abroad for producing Qi Hong, Tunlu, Wuyuan and Suilu. Among them, Qiyang black tea is beautiful in "Baoguang" color, and its aroma is fragrant with orchid flowers, which is called Qiyangxiang and has a mellow taste. The quality of fried green tea in this area is compact, uniform and solid. Green color, moist as frost, high internal aroma, fresh and lasting, mature chestnut fragrance, rich and refreshing taste. It is a high-quality tea product exported and sold in China, and has always been loved by consumers. Many experts have reached a conclusion before, so I won't go into details here. The rise of Wuling mountain area as a high-quality tea area only appeared in recent years, and it has not been widely recognized by people. The concept of high-quality tea area in Wuling Mountain was put forward by Mr. Huang Zhongxian, a tea researcher. The author agrees very much. Here is a brief introduction: Wuling Mountain is located at about 30 north latitude, spanning four provinces and cities of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou, with an area of about 65,438+10,000 square kilometers. Wuling Mountain is a folded mountain with a length of 420 kilometers, with an altitude of 1000 meters. The highest peak is Phoenix Mountain in Guizhou, with an altitude of 2570 meters. The mountain range is karst from east to west, and the main peak is Fan Jingshan in Tongren, Guizhou. It mainly includes Jishou City, luxi county, Fenghuang County, Huayuan County, Baojing County, Guzhang County, Yongshun County and Longshan County in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province. Wulingyuan District, Yongding County, Cili County and Sangzhi County in Zhangjiajie, Shimen City in Changde City and Yuanling County in Huaihua City; Enshi City, Lichuan City, Jianshi County, Badong County, Yi 'en County, Xianfeng County, laifeng county County, Hefeng County and Wufeng County under the jurisdiction of Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province; Youyang County, Xiushan County, Pengshui County and Shizhu County in Chongqing; Guizhou has more than 40 cities, counties and autonomous counties such as Tongren, Wanshan, Yuping, Songtao, Yinjiang, Yanhe, Sinan, Jiangkou and Dejiang. Tujia, Miao, Dong, Yao, Bai and Han live there. Wuling mountain area has many mountains, inconvenient transportation, underdeveloped economy and a long history of tea production. In recent years, with the strong support of governments at all levels, tea production has made great progress. With the emergence of a number of emerging cities and counties represented by Shimen, Guzhang, Yuanling, Hefeng, Chongqing, Lichuan, Wufeng and Rongchang in Hunan, the annual output of tea in this area has reached more than 80,000 tons. The green tea produced in Wulingshan tea area is mainly roasted and twisted. Its quality and appearance are firm and straight, its color is light green and moist, its aroma is fresh and lasting, and it has a lot of ripe chestnut fragrance. The soup is light yellow and bright, its taste is mellow and refreshing, and it has the function of convergence. "Monkey King Ace" jasmine tea produced by Changsha Tea Factory, a famous scented tea manufacturer, with Wuling Mountain tea area as the main raw material, is deeply loved by people in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China for its lasting fragrance and mellow taste, and has become the first brand of tea in China. In recent years, the "Boat of the Desert" brand small package of rare tea produced by our company with Wuling Mountain green tea is exported to Europe and Africa, and local consumers try to drink, accept and then love it. Without our company's "desert boat", some people even refused to buy it, forming a stable and growing consumer group. I met a young man in a market survey in North Africa. After drinking "Desert Boat" tea, he stopped drinking other brands. Just when we went, the "Desert Boat" was disconnected from the local network due to traffic reasons. Hearing that we were coming, he made a special trip from more than 800 kilometers away to express his appreciation for our quality, and said: First, we need a stable supply of goods and don't break the file; Second, it is recommended to maintain quality; Perseverance will be effective. In fact, through several years' efforts, the small package of "Desert Boat" Zhenmei Tea has become the best-selling brand of China in some consumer countries. In the domestic market, green tea produced in Wuling mountain area is likely to replace tea in other areas because of its high aroma and mellow quality, and its market share is expanding day by day. It shows that the tea in Wuling Mountain area is suitable for the tastes of many consumers and has good quality. 3. Quality characteristics The tea quality in this area has the following characteristics. First of all, it has a beautiful appearance. Tea bud leaves are moderate in thickness, and fresh leaves have strong plasticity during processing and are suitable for various shapes, so there are various shapes and flowers. West Lake Longjing, old bamboo square flat cut type; The shape of Pingshui Zhucha is like a round bead of dark green pearls, including the needle-like shape of "Nanjing Yuhua Tea" and "Flower Picking Maojian" in Wufeng, Hubei Province, the sword-like shape of "Junshan Silver Needle", and the melon-like shape with slightly warped leaves and green color. Ordinary fried green tea is also tight and straight. Qimen black tea is unique in the world because of its delicate appearance and bright color. The second is good at aroma. Whether it is the honey fragrance of Qimen black tea, the fine fragrance of Junshan silver needle, the tender fragrance of Huangshan Mao Feng in Xin 'anjiang tea area and the upper reaches of Wulingshan tea area, and the chestnut fragrance of fried green tea, there are many forests, and most of them have high and lasting fragrance; Third, the taste is moderate, strong but not bitter, mellow and tasty. Compared with the tea in high latitude tea areas, the tea in low latitude tea areas is richer and more mellow, which is suitable for most people's tastes. The author also found an interesting phenomenon. It is generally believed that high-quality black tea is produced in low latitudes, but there are four famous black teas in the world: Qiyang Black Tea, Athearn Black Tea, Darjeeling Black Tea and Ceylon Plateau Black Tea. Qiyang black tea is produced in the 30 north latitude line, and the latter three are all produced in India on the south side of the Himalayas at about 27 north latitude. Ceylon is near the border area of China, and the Athearn tea with strong flavor is Darjeeling, which is called champagne in tea. 4. Unique geological landform is the basis of forming excellent tea quality. Plate theory holds that the earth is composed of geological plates, namely Eurasia plate, Pacific plate, Indian Ocean plate, North America plate, South America plate, Antarctica plate and Arctic continental plate. Among the seven plates, there are six suture lines, which are near 30 north latitude. In the process of geological drift, some plates subducted and some plates rose, and under the action of volcanic glaciers, they evolved into 30 north latitude. Its Indian Ocean plate and Eurasian plate are squeezed together, creating the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Himalayas, creating various landforms such as Huangshan, Lushan and Zhangjiajie, as well as the formation of non-ferrous and non-metallic minerals. Among them, phosphorus, zinc, selenium and other elements and soil rich in organic matter play an important role in the formation of tea quality, and Wuling Mountain area is the main producing area of selenium-enriched tea. The diversity of landforms creates conditions for the diversity of tea varieties. Tea research has proved that the altitude of tea area is closely related to the quality of tea, especially the formation of aroma. Altitude is conducive to the formation of tea fragrance, the so-called "good tea comes from mountain clouds." The two high-quality tea areas mentioned above are both in mountainous areas. 5. Appropriate climatic conditions are the key to high quality. The temperature zone of 30 north latitude is located in the transition zone between subtropical zone and temperate zone, which is a biological zone suitable for the life and growth of most animals and plants. Mild climate and relatively abundant precipitation are also suitable for the growth of tea trees. Take Lichuan City, Hubei Province as an example. Because the altitude is different, the climate is obviously different, which is a typical mountain climate. There is no cold in winter, no heat in summer, cloudy and foggy, less sunshine, abundant rainfall and humid air. In the low mountain area below 800 meters above sea level, the annual average temperature is 16.7℃, the annual rainfall is 1300mm to 1600mm, and the sunshine is 1409 hours. The subalpine zone at an altitude of 800 meters to 1200m is characterized by wet and rainy weather and less sunshine in late spring and early autumn, with an annual average temperature of 12.3℃, annual rainfall of1200 to1400mm and sunshine hours of1290mm. The cold climate in the alpine region above 1200m is no longer suitable for tea tree growth. Generally speaking, the latitude moves south, the temperature rises, the tea leaves of tea trees increase, the content of tea leaves increases, the compound catechin represented by LEGCG increases, the ratio of polyphenols to amino acids in tea leaves increases, the quality of tea leaves is rough, and the contents taste strong and bitter. On the contrary, with the decrease of latitude, the temperature decreases, the tea shrinks, the water extract and tea polyphenols decrease, the phenol-ammonia ratio decreases, and the tea is small and tasteless. However, the temperature of 30 north latitude is suitable, which can give consideration to both appearance and internal quality. The ratio of phenol to ammonia is about 10, which is considered as an ideal condition for high-quality green tea. 6. A good ecological environment is the guarantee of quality. The suitable climatic conditions and complex geological changes at 30 north latitude have created biological species. Shennongjia at this latitude and the Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon in Wolong Mountain and Hupingshan Nature Reserve are even called "biological gene bank". Giant pandas and Metasequoia glyptostroboides, also known as living fossils of animals and plants, have been magically preserved. Relatively speaking, the ecological environment of tea producing areas represented by the upper reaches of Xin 'anjiang River and Wuling Mountain is less damaged, the forest protection is better, the vegetation is rich, the soil is fertile, the tea tree has strong disease and insect resistance, there are more natural enemies such as birds and spiders, and the biological self-regulation function of tea garden is relatively sound. As long as reasonable cultivation and biological control are carried out, major pests and diseases will generally not occur. It is the main producing area of pollution-free organic tea in China. Pesticide residues in tea are generally low. The organic tea and low pesticide residue tea exported by our company are mainly produced in Wuling Mountain production base. The discovery of high-quality tea production belt at 30 north latitude is of great significance for guiding China's tea production, facilitating the adjustment of tea areas and promoting the formation of industrialization.