Classification principles and functions of foreign trade commodities in foreign trade commodity science

1. Harmonized Commodity Classification and Coding System

Referred to as "coordination system". Internationally, the Harmonized System uses a six-digit code. On the basis of six-digit coding, China adopts ten-digit coding, with the first two digits representing chapters, and the third and fourth digits representing the position of commodities in chapters. The first to fourth digits are called headlines, and the fifth and sixth digits are called subheadings. The top six are the same in all countries, and the seventh can be decided by each country according to its own needs (USA)

2. Two minutes later. HS coding, arrangement principle of "class"

"Categories" are basically classified according to economic sectors, and the Harmonized System classifies commodities into 2 1 categories.

3. Three minutes later. HS coding, arrangement principle of "chapter"

The Harmonized System divides commodities into 97 chapters.

(1) Attribute principle of commodity raw materials.

According to the classification of commodity raw materials, products with different raw materials are generally divided into different chapters.

(2) The principle of machining degree

In this chapter, according to the processing degree of products, from raw materials to finished products are arranged.

(3) the principle of commodity use or performance.

④ Annotation principle

Correct classification and HS coding are very important, especially pay attention to the exceptions in "Remarks".

4. International classification of dangerous goods

Explosive, flammable, toxic, corrosive, radioactive and other items. In the process of transportation, loading and unloading, storage and storage, it is easy to cause personal injury and property loss, and it needs special protection, which belongs to dangerous goods.

The International Regulations on the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Sea divides dangerous goods into 9 categories and 24 subcategories, totaling more than 2,500 kinds. 1. Agricultural products

Agricultural products, that is, living animals, plants and their products, involve the first to fourth categories, with 24 chapters in total. However, the above categories and chapters do not include live animals, wood and animal and plant products (such as hides and textile raw materials) specially used in some production industries in mobile circuses and zoos, and these goods should be classified into other categories and chapters.

2. Minerals

Mineral products, mainly including raw materials or primary processed mineral products, involve the fifth category, which consists of three chapters.

3. Chemical products and polymer compounds

Chemicals and polymer compounds, mainly including various chemicals and their related products and plastic rubber products, involve the sixth and seventh categories, from chapter 28 to chapter 40, with a total of 13. Among them, Chapter 38 and Chapter 40 are polymer compounds such as plastics and rubber respectively.

4. Light industrial products

(1) Light industrial products, involving categories 8 to 10, including chapters 41 to 49 and * * * chapter 9. There are mainly products in the eighth category of leather industry (Chapter 4 1 to Chapter 43), including rawhide, leather and its products, fur and its products.

(2) Shoes, hats, umbrellas, sticks, whips and their parts, processed feathers and their products, artificial flowers and human hair products belong to the twelfth category, which consists of four chapters, from chapter 64 to chapter 67.

5. Textiles and clothing

Chapters 50 to 63 cover the eleventh category, *** 14. According to the order of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products (such as cotton, yarn and ordinary fabrics). 14 is divided into two parts: the first part, from chapter 50 to chapter 55, includes all kinds of textile raw materials, yarns and ordinary fabrics; The second part, from chapter 56 to chapter 62, includes special fabrics and various textile products. This category covers a wide range, basically including all kinds of textile raw materials (such as silk, cotton, hemp and chemical fiber) used in the textile industry, as well as semi-finished products (such as yarn) and products (such as fabrics and their finished products) produced by the textile industry.

6. Ceramics and glass

It covers chapters 68 to 70 and ***3 of category 13. The main products are stone, gypsum, cement, asbestos, mica and similar materials; Ceramic products; Glass and its products.

7. jewelry

Chapter 7 1 relates to the fourteenth category, and only chapter 1 exists. Mainly natural or cultured pearls, precious stones or semi-precious stones, precious metals, precious metals and their products; Imitation jewelry; Coins. Precious metals include gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (such as iridium, bismuth, germanium and nails).

8. Base metals and their products

Chapters 72 to 83, including 12, involve the fifteenth category (chapter 1 is left blank, but it is actually chapter 1 1). There are two parts. The first part, from chapter 73 to chapter 8 1, mainly classifies metals (such as iron, copper, nickel, aluminum, lead and zinc); The second part, chapter 82 and chapter 83, lists the uses in different chapters according to the uses of the products.

9. Mechanical and electrical equipment

The fifteenth category involves eighty-four chapters and eighty-five chapters, and * * * has two chapters. Except for the exceptions (electronic computers in Chapter 84 and electric mechanical tools in Chapter 85), they all have their own characteristics: the goods in Chapter 84 are mainly machinery, appliances and their parts that do work by mechanical energy. The goods in Chapter 85 are mainly electrical equipment and its parts that do work by electric energy.

10. means of transport and similar equipment

Chapters 86 to 89, involving the seventeenth category, have four chapters. Each chapter includes a means of transportation, namely, train, car, plane and ship. Among them, similar equipment refers to containers, mechanical signals and control devices for traffic management, parachutes, docks, etc.

1 1. Instruments, clocks and musical instruments

12. weapons, ammunition, furniture, lamps, art collections

Chapters 93 to 97 consist of five chapters, covering classes 19 to 2 1. Among them, the nineteenth category is only Chapter 93, including weapons and ammunition. The twentieth category has three chapters, including furniture, lamps, mobile homes, toys, sporting goods and other miscellaneous products. Category 2 1 only has chapter 97, including works of art, collectibles and antiques.