Characteristics of Manchu costumes

Clothing characteristics of Manchu costumes

Manchu men and women like to hang ornaments on their waists or big skirts. Men have sickles, ear spoons, toothpicks, glasses cases and fan belts. Women have sachets and wallets. Most of them are sewn with silks and satins, with various colors and exquisite workmanship. After entering the customs, Manchu cheongsam has been widely used by women in China. In the old days, Manchu men wore ponytails and horseshoe sleeves, and women wore wide straight cheongsam.

There are four main forms: flag suit, vest and breeches. Men and women can wear flags regardless of season. Mandarin jackets are worn by rich people with status in spring, autumn and winter. A vest is a woman's coat. Pants are cotton trousers without waist, which are fixed with two straps, and are mostly worn by elderly women in cold weather. What makes Manchu people wear pants different from other nationalities is that they have to tie their legs to travel. The diversity of Manchu costumes can be divided into civilian flag dresses and aristocratic flag dresses.

Pingmin clothing

Manchu men often wear robes with horseshoe sleeves and a belt around their waist, or robes with double-breasted tops, cool hats in summer and sloppy fur hats in winter. The clothes are made of blue, blue and brown cotton, silk, silk, satin and other materials, with blue leg straps on the trouser legs, cotton boots or leather boots on the feet, and Piura in winter.

women's clothes

Women like to wear a foot-long flag skirt or vest. Clothing uses silk, satin, tulle or silk in various colors and patterns.

Made of cotton and linen. Some embroider the surface of cheongsam into a set of patterns, and more are inlaid with layers of fine lace on the skirt, cuffs, neckline and hem. White socks on the feet, embroidered shoes at the bottom of the flowerpot, leg straps in various colors such as green, red and pink on the trouser legs. Pan head and wings, comb two heads or flag bun. I like to wear earrings, bracelets, rings, hairpins, velvet flowers and sideburns.

Guizu clothing

full dress

The costumes of emperors in Qing Dynasty were basically divided into formal clothes, auspicious clothes, regular clothes, traveling clothes, rain clothes and casual clothes. Among them, the dress includes robe, end cover (a kind of coat) and clothes (clothes that can be worn with robes, robes and uniforms); Auspicious clothes include robes and robes; Uniform is a kind of clothing between formal dress and casual dress; Wear clothes when going out or hunting, and wear raincoats in rainy and snowy days. According to the Qing Dynasty's "Qing Hui Dian", the emperor's court clothes are generally "bright yellow", and they are also used for occasions such as royal palace congratulations, worship of the earth altar, immortal agricultural altar and ancestral temple. As for the wearing of other colors of court clothes, the Temple of Heaven uses blue when offering sacrifices to heaven and praying for the valley, red when offering sacrifices to the altar in the morning, and white when the moon is at night, that is, light blue.

Gifu

Jifu is mainly used for auspicious festivals, banquets and other occasions, with luxurious decoration, also known as "colorful clothes" and "colorful clothes".

Everyday wear

Uniforms are clothes worn on general formal occasions. A tunic is a long tunic with a round neck and a double front, which is worn outside a robe. Different from the arrow sleeves in formal dress, the gown is flat-sleeved, split on all sides, and the length of the garment reaches to the thigh. The color is mostly azurite, and there is no special regulation on the pattern. Empresses and concubines often wear robes and have various decorative patterns, such as dragon and phoenix, Qi Fei in Cai Feng, phoenix, sunrise and butterfly.

Informal dress

Leisure robes, plain clothes, dark flowers, or embroidered patterns are colorful. One of the vests is called Jin Zi, which means "Batulu" in Manchu, that is, samurai. Court officials often wear this kind of vest, also known as the "military canopy", commonly known as the "Thirteen Pacific Insurance", because this kind of vest is surrounded by a row of buttons nailed to the chest, with thirteen grains on it.

Manchu costumes are characterized by a circle formed by animal fur at the bottom of the hat.

Clothes: Men's narrow-sleeved clothes are knee-length, mostly made of animal skin or cloth, and there is no difference between men and women (except yellow jacket).

Shoes: Men are boots made of animal skin, and women have something like an inverted vase in the middle of the sole.

Characteristics of Manchu Manchu Manchu, the full name of Manchu, was called Manchu and Manchu after the Revolution of 1911. It is a minority in China. Manchu people are scattered all over China, most of them live in Liaoning, and others are scattered in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Shandong and other large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Chengdu, Xi, Guangzhou and Yinchuan. The formation of large dispersion is characterized by small sedimentation. At present, Xiuyan, Fengcheng, Xinbin, Qinglong, Fengning and other Manchu autonomous counties and several Manchu townships have been established in major inhabited areas. In 2000, the Manchu population was1068,000.

Manchu has a long history, which can be traced back to Sushen people more than two thousand years ago. Their descendants have been living in the northern Changbai Mountain, the middle and upper reaches of Heilongjiang and the Wusuli River basin. 1644, the Qing army entered the customs, unified China, and formed a situation in which Manchu and Han lived together for a long time. After the Revolution of 1911, Manchu was renamed Manchu.

Manchu has its own language and writing, belonging to Manchu branch of Manchu-Tungusic language family of Altai language family. Manchu was founded at the end of 16, borrowing Mongolian letters. 17 In the 1940s, after a large number of Manchu entered the customs, Chinese was widely used.

Manchu people have loved singing and dancing since ancient times, and ancient dance evolved from hunting and fighting activities. Historically, Manchu men like to wear blue robes and jackets, with hair and braids behind their heads, domes and trousers. Women, on the other hand, like to wear cheongsam, bow or "bun", ring and handkerchief around their waist. After Manchu entered the customs, the dress tended to be consistent with that of Han nationality, but the cheongsam was handed down with its unique charm and became the traditional dress of women in China.

custom

Manchu people honor their elders and pay attention to etiquette. When they meet elders on the road, they should bow sideways and wait for them to pass by. Not only the younger generation should greet the elders, but also the younger generation should greet the elders. When relatives and friends meet, in addition to shaking hands to say hello, some people will also say hello. During the Spring Festival, we should worship once every two years, once on the evening of the 30th, once on the New Year's Day, which is called welcoming the new year.

Manchu traditional houses are generally divided into three rooms: west, middle and east, with the gate facing south. The west room is called the upper room in the west, the middle room is called the hall, and the east room is called the lower room in the east. There are three health in the west, namely, south, west and north. Xikanggui, Beikangda, Nankang Small. Visitors live in Xikang, elders live in Beikang, and younger generations live in Nankang.

Taboo: indoor Xikang is not allowed to sit and lie down and pile up sundries at will; Avoid beating, killing and eating dog meat; Don't wear a dog skin hat, don't spread a dog skin mattress, and avoid guests wearing dog skin hats or dog skin sleeves.

marriage customs

Manchu wedding not only has strong national characteristics, but also incorporates many customs and etiquette of the Han nationality. Generally speaking, it has to go through the following procedures: engagement: there are two forms of engagement between Manchu young men and women. First, the parents of young men and women are acquaintances or friends. The two knew each other very well and were interested in getting married, so they asked the matchmaker to promise their children a lifetime. Some men propose to women, while others propose to men. The other is that men and women don't know each other and find a matchmaker to get engaged for their children. The matchmaker will hand them over to the portals of both parties and issue their banners, resumes, surnames and three generations. Besides, we should test each other's birthdays.

Release: Give gifts immediately. There are two kinds of amplification and amplification. Letting Xiaoding go means that the future daughter-in-law will visit relatives of the man's family, such as aunt, brother and sister-in-law, and get property. Enlarged it is called "big gift", commonly known as "big dish", that is, choose an auspicious day of the zodiac, and the man will send the bride price to the woman's house. The day before the wedding, people who bid farewell to their families should drink "windward wine". The bride left home to live in a good apartment borrowed by the man, commonly known as "shooting down." The next morning, the woman saw her off with a float and was escorted by her brother. When the float arrived at the groom's house, there was a brazier on the ground in front of the bridal chamber, commonly known as too much to avoid evil. In order to drive away or kill the ghost that comes with the sedan chair, the groom should shoot three arrows at the sedan chair door; There are also real shots, but they are usually taken under the sedan chair to avoid hurting the bride. Then, the bride was helped out of the sedan chair to heaven and earth, and kowtowed to the north three times with the groom, commonly known as "worshipping Beidou". After worshipping Beidou, a world-famous ceremony of "Leaving the Light" was held. That is, the bride and groom wearing red hijab face south and kneel in front of the god table in the yard. On the table, there is a pig's elbow, three small glasses of wine and a sharp knife. Shaman knelt in front of the table with one leg, chanting in Manchu, cutting the meat into pieces with a sharp knife and throwing it into the air, and throwing it on the ground with a small glass of wine. The main purpose is to pray for God to bless the newlyweds and let their children and grandchildren grow old together. After these ceremonies, the bride is brought into the bridal chamber by a general practitioner (that is, a person whose parents and children are present). When the bride crosses the threshold, there is a saddle on the threshold and the bride must cross it. The bed in the new house must be clean ... >>

Characteristics of Manchu clothing

Manchu ancestors lived between Baishan and Heishui. In order to adapt to the long-term cold climate, they chose warm robes as their daily clothes. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, Manchu absorbed the overcoat-style clothing of the Han nationality in the Central Plains and improved it into a "flag dress" with national characteristics, also known as "cheongsam". After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, due to the compulsory implementation of the aristocratic rulers of the Zhou Dynasty, the flag dress became popular all over the country, but it quickly merged with the traditional costumes of the Han nationality. In the Republic of China, modern western fashion elements were added, forming a modern cheongsam with China national characteristics.

Great changes have taken place in Manchu economy and culture since the 20th century, and many traditional costumes are very rare. But from movies, TV series and museums, you can also see the appearance of the old national flag dress. Among them, the women's headdress is wide and long, like a fan, like a crown and like a crown? d？ D hair crown.

In the past, Manchu women attached importance to barbering. When Manchu girls were young, like Han girls, they were combed into two braids, commonly known as girls. It was not until adulthood that the girl was changed into curly hair. After marriage, I began to keep big basin head, shelf head, two heads and double happiness hair styles, of which two heads are more typical. At both ends, the hair on the top of the head is tied up and divided into two locks, each lock is tied into a bun, and then the rest of the hair at the back is tied into a dovetail-shaped long flat bun, which is called "Dalachi" in Manchu. Usually, a hairpin with a length of 20-30 cm and a width of 23 cm is inserted horizontally in the bun, so it is necessary to wear a crown when celebrating auspicious days or receiving distinguished guests.

Qitou

The hair crown is a fan-shaped crown with a length of more than 30 cm and a width of more than 10 cm, with iron wire or bamboo rattan as the hat frame and green satin, green velvet or green yarn as the surface. It can be fixed on a bun when worn. Often embroidered with patterns, inlaid with jewels or decorated with various flowers, decorated with long tassels. This kind of headdress is mostly used by upper-class Manchu women, and it is only used when ordinary women get married. Wearing this wide and long hair crown limits the distortion of the neck and makes them straight. Coupled with the long cheongsam and high-grade flag shoes, their walking pace is very delicate, which is particularly stable and elegant.

Manchu ancestors were hunters. In the era of underdeveloped hairdressing technology, in order to adapt to the long-term hunting life, Manchu men chose to braid their hair as their hairstyle. Its practice is to shave off the hair on the forehead first to avoid blocking the line of sight and facilitate archery or fighting. The hair at the back is braided, not braided, to adapt to riding bumps. This hairstyle was once enforced by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty in the whole country by political means. After the Revolution of 1911, the feudal monarchy was overthrown, and the Manchu people, together with the people of all ethnic groups in China, adopted the hairstyle of modern western civilization, which embodied the characteristics of the new era.

Horseshoe shoes

Besides cheongsam and hair crown, Manchu women's flag shoes are also very distinctive. In the past, the aesthetic taste of Manchu women was different from that of Han women. They have no bad habit of foot binding. Modern scholars once praised that "the golden head is not jade enough, the flag is women's football", so you can wear shoes with high roots and wooden soles, which are very artistic and decorative. This kind of embroidered flag shoes takes wood as the sole, which is historically called high-top shoes, or flowerpot shoes and horseshoe shoes. Its wooden heel is generally about 5- 10 cm high, some can reach 14- 16 cm, and the highest can reach about 25 cm. Usually wrapped in white cloth, and then embedded in the middle of the soles of the feet. The heel bottom usually has two shapes, one is that the top is open and the bottom is convergent, showing the shape of an inverted trapezoidal flowerpot. The other is thin at the top and wide at the bottom, flat at the front and round at the back, with the appearance and landing marks like horseshoes. The flowerpot bottom and horseshoe bottom are named after this, and they are also collectively called high-top shoes. In addition to embroidered patterns or decorative pieces such as cicada butterflies on the vamp, there are often embroidery or beading on the parts of wood that cannot follow the ground. Some toes are decorated with ears made of silk thread, which is as long as the ground. The high-heeled wooden sole of this kind of shoes is extremely strong, and the upper is often broken, while the sole is still intact and can be reused. High-grade flag shoes are mostly worn by aristocratic young and middle-aged women over the age of thirteen or fourteen. The flag shoes of elderly women are mostly made of flat wood, which is called flat shoes. The front end of the flag shoe is slightly cut to facilitate walking. Now, except for a few festivals and celebrations, they are basically * * *.

Manchu people have the custom of cutting wood to make shoes since ancient times. There are different opinions about the origin of this kind of high-top shoes. There is a saying that Manchu women used to go up mountains to collect wild fruits, mushrooms and so on. In order to prevent insect and snake bites, they are ... & gt

What are the characteristics of Manchu costumes? Clothing in the Qing Dynasty Men's wear in the Qing Dynasty mainly includes robes, jackets, coats, shirts and trousers. Dress is the most important dress. Among them, there is a kind of coat, the length is not longer than the waist, and the sleeves only cover the elbows. Short clothes and short sleeves are convenient for riding, so they are called "jackets". The styles of mandarin jackets are divided into double-breasted buttons, large-breasted buttons and short-breasted buttons (pipa-breasted buttons). Double-breasted mandarin jackets are often used as dresses. Long-breasted mandarin jackets are often used as uniforms and usually wear robes outside. Jackets lacking lapels (pipa lapels) are mostly used as luggage. Mandarin jackets are mostly short sleeves with wide and straight sleeves. Besides yellow, one-day cyan or meta cyan is usually used as clothes. Other dark red, light green, sauce purple, dark blue and dark gray can be used as uniforms. Indigenous men wear warm hats, jackets and robes. Clothing in the Qing Dynasty Men's wear in the Qing Dynasty mainly includes robes, jackets, coats, shirts and trousers. One of them is called "vest" or "vest", which is worn by both men and women. Styles include large lapels, double lapels and pipa lapels. Usually worn inside, the style is also relatively narrow. There was a vest worn outside in the late Qing Dynasty. There is also a multi-button vest called "Batulu Watch the vest" (Batulu is Manchu, meaning "warrior"). This kind of vest is surrounded by a frame, with a row of buttons nailed to the chest and 13 buttons, commonly known as "single-breasted" vest or "Thirteen Pacific Insurance". It was first photographed by an important official of the imperial court, so it was called "military aircraft camp". In the future, ordinary officials will wear more clothes and become a semi-formal suit. Clothing in the Qing Dynasty Men's wear in the Qing Dynasty mainly includes robes, jackets, coats, shirts and trousers. Dress is the most important dress. Dresses in Qing dynasty generally have no collar, so you should add a hard collar to your gown when you wear it. Shallow lake satin is used in spring and autumn and velvet or leather is used in winter. This kind of collar, also called "collar coat", is also commonly known as "cow tongue" because it looks like a cow tongue. Made of cloth or satin, with the front facing, tied with buttons and tied at the waist. And a shawl. Shaped like a water chestnut, embroidered with patterns, it is mostly used for court official clothes. The native land is the kind of collar. Qing Dynasty clothing Qing Dynasty female hair accessories can be divided into Manchu style and Chinese style. At first, it kept its original shape, but later, under the influence of each other, obvious changes have taken place, and the customs in different places are different. In the mid-Qing Dynasty, Han women imitated the hair accessories of Manchu maids, and there were many kinds of hair accessories, and the popular hair styles in different periods were also different. The costumes of Han women are still as old as those of the late Ming Dynasty. After continuous evolution, it finally formed a generation of characteristics. All the empresses and concubines married women, wearing crests and imperial robes. Ordinary women "borrow" this dress when they get married and die, and cloaks and skirts are used as dresses on other occasions. Robe (cheongsam) is the main dress of Manchu women, and it is also deeply loved by Han women, but the dress of Manchu women is not as generous as that of Han women. Manchu women's dresses are generally narrow and slender, with a vest outside. This picture shows a woman wearing a flag bun, a cheongsam, a flat bun and a big dress. Qing Dynasty clothing Qing Dynasty female hair accessories can be divided into Manchu style and Chinese style. At first, it kept its original shape, but later, under the influence of each other, obvious changes have taken place, and the customs in different places are different. The hair styles of Han women imitate those of Manchu maids in the middle of Qing Dynasty, with high bun as the main style. Later, flat bun, round bun and wishful bun became popular. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, braiding was advocated, which was popular among girls at first, and then gradually popularized. Most of Manchu women's hairstyles are decorated with hairpins. Xunzi is made of iron wire or rattan, framed by black gauze and decorated with Cui Zhai. Ordinary Manchu women are mostly fork heads, also known as "two heads" and "two heads". Later, influenced by the Han nationality, the bun was generally combed into a flat shape, commonly known as the "prefix". By the end of the Qing Dynasty, this bun was getting higher and higher, and gradually became an "arched" fixed decoration. Just put it on your head and add some flowers, and it's called "big wings". The costumes of Han women are still as old as those of the late Ming Dynasty. After continuous evolution, it finally formed a generation of characteristics. All the empresses and concubines married women, wearing crests and imperial robes. Ordinary women "borrow" this dress when they get married and die, and cloaks and skirts are used as dresses on other occasions. The main dress of Manchu women is a gown (cheongsam), but Manchu women's clothes are generally narrow and slender, and they often wear vests outside.

What are the characteristics of Manchu women's clothing? Women like to wear foot-long flags or vests. Clothing is made of silk, satin, tulle or cotton and linen, with various colors and patterns. Some embroider the surface of cheongsam into a set of patterns, and more are inlaid with layers of fine lace on the skirt, cuffs, neckline and hem. White socks on the feet, embroidered shoes at the bottom of the flowerpot, leg straps in various colors such as green, red and pink on the trouser legs. Shake your head and wings and comb two heads or flags. I like to wear earrings, bracelets, rings, hairpins, velvet flowers and sideburns. Manchu men and women like to hang ornaments on their waists or big skirts. Men have sickles, ear spoons, toothpicks, glasses cases and fan belts. Women have sachets and wallets. Most of them are sewn with silks and satins, with various colors and exquisite workmanship.

cap

Manchu women have no hats and men have hats, which are divided into high-top hats, casual hats, wind hats, felt hats and autumn hats (women keep out the cold in winter);

Dress

There are four main forms: flag suit, vest and breeches. Men and women can wear flags regardless of season. The jacket is a corpse.

Rich men wear them in spring, autumn and winter. A vest is a woman's coat. Pants are cotton trousers without waist, which are fixed with two straps, and are mostly worn by elderly women in cold weather. What makes Manchu people wear pants different from other nationalities is that they have to tie their legs to travel. Shoe ornament Men's shoes are tied with Budina, and the uppers are inlaid with thongs. Wear pigskin or cowhide boots in winter, and most elderly people wear high-waisted felt shoes. Women wear high-heeled shoes with wooden soles, with narrow bottoms and wide tops, the toe surface protruding from the upper wing, and green flowers on both sides, which are like boats. Specifically, there are horseshoe shoes, flowerpot shoes, flat shoes, square shoes and pointed shoes. The ornaments worn by Manchu people are divided into bone ornaments, stone ornaments, pearl ornaments and gold and silver ornaments. What kind of jewelry to wear depends on status. Generally speaking, the quality of jewelry can show the status and wealth of a family.

What are the names of Manchu costumes? Manchu is called "garment interface", which is divided into single, clip, leather and cotton. Manchu men like to wear robes, robes, coats and jackets, which are called "robes and jackets". Women's cheongsam pays attention to decoration, and the neckline, sleeve head and skirt are inlaid with lace of different colors, up to more than a dozen, which is beautiful, symmetrical and elegant to wear. With the development of society, men's robes are gradually abandoned, and women's cheongsam is constantly updated. Women's cheongsam has developed from a wide waist straight tube to a tight curved streamline. The "Qipao fever" that emerged in the reform and opening up has made Qipao not only become the dress of Manchu women, but also won the favor of Han women and Southeast Asian women.

Cheongsam is a traditional costume handicraft for Manchu women. Manchu people are called "flag bearers", their clothes are called "flag dresses" and women's robes are called "cheongsam". Ancient cheongsam has pipa lapel, wishful lapel, oblique lapel, piping or hemming, etc. Cheongsam pays attention to color lines, fine workmanship, graceful and swaying. /kloc-improved after the 1920s, with loose waist, wide cuffs and moderate length, which is convenient for walking. It has become a popular dress for women in China. In the early thirties, influenced by western short skirts, the length was shortened, almost to the knees and the cuffs were narrowed. In the mid-1930s, the height of both sides split and lengthened, highlighting the curvaceous beauty of women's figure. Short-sleeved or sleeveless cheongsam appeared in the 1940 s, and the outside was streamlined. After that, separate the pieces, including the shoulder seam and the sleeveless cheongsam skirt. Wide range of materials, cotton, wool, silk, hemp and various chemical fiber clothing materials can be used. Cheongsam has oriental color, which can fully show elegance and grace.

Women's cheongsam is basically the same as men's, but with more decoration. Women's cheongsam is not only a vertical long-sleeved robe, but also has embroidery patterns on the hem and calf. Manchu women often embed several patterns or colored teeth on skirts, necklines and sleeves, commonly known as "painting roads" or "dog teeth". According to seasonal changes, it can also be divided into single, clip, cotton and leather. With the development of society, men's cheongsam is gradually abandoned, while women's cheongsam is also evolving, from wide waist straight tube to tight curve and streamline, becoming a kind of women's dress representing the Chinese nation.

What are the characteristics of minority costumes? 1, Dai costumes: Dai is a minority in Yunnan Province, mainly distributed in Pingba area in the southern and western valleys of Yunnan Province. Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Dehong Dai Autonomous Prefecture and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture are the main inhabited areas of Dai people. Dai people live in tropical and subtropical areas, where the climate is warm, the mountains and rivers are dense and the products are rich. Dai costumes also fully reflect these regional characteristics. Dai costumes not only give people a strong sense of beauty, but also have a strong national style. The men's clothes in Dai costumes are simple and generous, including collarless double-breasted or large-breasted small sleeve tops, plain trousers and white and cyan cloth heads. This kind of clothing is light and comfortable in farming and makes the wearer look handsome in dancing. Dai women's costumes are colorful, which fully shows their vitality and sexiness. Dai women wear all kinds of tight underwear, light-colored long-breasted or double-breasted narrow-sleeved shirts, and colorful skirts with various patterns. Dai women like to tie their long hair in a bun, insert combs obliquely on it, use hairpin or flowers as decorations, and wear gold and silver ornaments and tie a delicate silver belt around their waists. Such clothes dress them up beautifully and elegantly. They are like beautiful peacocks, elegant and demure.

2. Buyi costumes: Buyi costumes are mostly blue, blue and white. Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), men wore headscarves, double-breasted shirts or long-sleeved shirts and trousers. Old people wear robes. There is no difference between men's clothes and Chinese clothes recently. There are many kinds of women's costumes, among which Zhenning, Guanling, Puding and Liupanshui are the areas where the oldest Buyi costumes are preserved. Women wear big skirts and short coats, and the neckline, shoulders, sleeves and hem are inlaid with geometric patterns of brocade and batik. Wear a pleated long skirt and sew it with blue batik cloth on white background. Self-made brocade and batik are the main features of Buyi costumes. Just for the sake of solemnity, the elderly make skirts with He Hong cloth and batik cloth on them. Every woman usually has a dozen clothes, or more. In festivals, people are used to wearing 6 tops and 9 skirts, and wearing 1 cyan or blue embroidered belts, which is more charming and gorgeous. At the same time, I pay great attention to headdress, braid my hair before marriage and wear embroidered headscarves; After marriage, bamboo shoot shells must be used as the special decoration of the "skeleton", which is called "Gengkao", which means getting married. In Zhenning and Guanling areas, girls like to tie a tall bun, which is shaped like an arch bridge. There is a silver hairpin about feet long in their hair, with a short skirt and a pair of embroidered cloth shoes. In other areas, there are many shorts and trousers, or batik or embroidery lace is set on the hem and trousers. Women in Anlong and Xingren areas in southwest Guizhou like to make headscarves with white cloth and embroider them with various colors, which are unpretentious and elegant. At the same time, I also like to wear silver ornaments, jade bracelets, hairpins, rings, collars, etc., which are unique in style and quite distinctive.

3. Bai costumes: Bai women wear light-colored large-breasted tops, black or purple velvet large-breasted vests, lace trousers, embroidered waists, exquisite embroidered belts and embroidered shoes. Wearing a flower handkerchief on her head, the unmarried woman wears a plait on her head and presses it on it, decorated with colored pompoms, and her long ears hang down. Married women hide their long braids in Huapari. I like to wear all kinds of silver ornaments and enamel ornaments. Bai men and women advocate white, and white is noble, which is reflected in men's clothing. Men like to make headscarves, tops, trousers and leggings with white. He is wearing a lapel dress, wide Chinese trousers, a waistcoat with a deerskin lapel, an embroidered Chinese-style Chinese belly cover, a handkerchief, leggings, cloth shoes or sandals. In Xishan District, Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, every adult Bai man carries a small and exquisite embroidered purse embroidered with patterns such as "double finches climbing branches" and "Yuanyang playing in the water", which is a symbol of love. She is a Bai girl. Bai women are good at embroidery and dyeing, and there are many exquisite handicrafts in their costumes, such as embroidery, flower picking, inlay rolling and tie dyeing. Bai costumes are bold in color, mainly light, with dark contrast, strong contrast, bright and harmonious; Exquisite embroidery, usually fringed flowers, complicated but not miscellaneous decoration. The more colorful the southern Bai costumes are, the more elegant the northern ones are. Compared with the dam area, the Bai people in the mountainous area are more brightly dressed, while the Bai people in the dam area are relatively simple. Young women's clothing mainly includes headdress, coat, collar robe, vest and trousers. Coat is mostly white, light yellow, lake blue or light green, coat is black or red collar, right button is hung with "three whiskers" and "five whiskers" silver ornaments, waist is embroidered or dark short waist, blue or white trousers are placed under it, or the color is the same, or the clothes, coat, trousers and waist are the same, so as to seek harmony in the comparison of multi-color blocks. Some are bright yellow jackets with trousers of the same color, decorated with red velvet collars, and some are lake blue or green jackets with black silk ... >>

Manchu costumes are mainly distributed in three northeastern provinces of China, with Liaoning Province as the largest. In addition, there are a few Manchu scattered in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Xinjiang and other provinces and large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Chengdu, Lanzhou, Fuzhou, Baiyin and Xi 'an. Manchu has a long history, which can be traced back to the period of Sushen Liu Kai culture and Chachong culture 7000 years ago. The descendants of 1 have been living in the northern Changbai Mountain, the middle and upper reaches of Heilongjiang Province and the Wusuli River Basin. In 1930s, Manchu men and women wore straight long-sleeved robes. Women's cheongsam hem to calf, embroidered. Men's cheongsam hem and ankle, no ornamentation. After the 1940s, due to the impact of new fashion at home and abroad, Manchu men's cheongsam was abandoned. Women's cheongsam has changed from wide sleeves to narrow sleeves, the straight tube has become tight and close to the waist, the hips are slightly larger, and the hem is recycled to the ankles. The so-called Beijing-style cheongsam is what we call the flag dress worn by early Manchu women. In 2007, Manchu cheongsam production technology was listed in the provincial intangible cultural heritage list of Jilin Province. In 2009, Manchu costumes were included in the second batch of Inner Mongolia district-level intangible cultural heritage list. Song Feng in Ming Dynasty was listed as the inheritor. 520 1 1, Chen was named as the provincial intangible cultural heritage inheritor of Manchu cheongsam making skills.