Cultural Knowledge

The four elephants Ancient people divided the twenty-eight lodges in the east, north, west and south of the four directions, each side of the seven lodges imagined as the image of four animals, called the four elephants. Eastern seven hosts as flying in the spring and early summer night sky of the dragon, so it is called the East Canglong; northern seven hosts like a snake, tortoise appeared in the night sky in summer and early fall, so it is called the North Xuanwu; western seven hosts are like a tiger leaping out of the night sky in the late fall and early winter, so it is called the West White Tiger; southern seven hosts like a winged sparrow, appeared in the night sky in the cold winter and early spring, so it is called the South Jade Bird.

Alias of the Moon

The moon is the most prominent depicted object among the natural objects mentioned in ancient poems. Its aliases can be categorized into: (1) Because the early moon is like a hook, it is called Silver Hook and Jade Hook.

(2) Because the stringed moon is like a bow, it is called jade bow and bow moon.

(3) Because the full moon is like a wheel or a disk or a mirror, it is called the golden wheel, the jade wheel, the silver disk, the jade disk, the golden mirror, the jade mirror.

(4) Because of the legend that there is a rabbit and a toad in the moon, it is called Silver Rabbit, Jade Rabbit, Golden Toad, Silver Toad, Toad Palace.

(5) Because of the legend that there is a laurel tree in the moon, it is called the Laurel Moon, Laurel Wheel, Laurel Palace and Laurel Prayer.

(6) Because of the legend that there are two palaces in the moon, Guanghan and Qingxu, they are called Guanghan and Qingxu.

(7) Because of the legend that the god who drove for the moon was named Wangshu, the moon was called Wangshu.

(8) Because of the legend that Chang'e lived in the moon, the moon is called Chang'e.

(9) Because people often compare beautiful women to the moon, the moon is called Canyuan.

Ancient Geography

Jianghe exclusively refers to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River in many ancient texts.

For example, "Hongmen Banquet": "The general fought in Henan, and I fought in Hebei."

The Treatise on Exceeding the Qin: "Then I trampled on Huawei to make a city, and made a pool because of the river."

"Sacrificing Sisters": "The ancestors' graves are in Hangzhou, and the river is wide and deep", where "river" refers to the Yangtze River, and "river" refers to the canal.

West River is also known as Hexi, the area west of the Yellow River.

For example, in Lian Po Lin Xiang Ru Lian Zhuan (廉颇蔺相如列传), "The meeting took place in Mianchi, outside the West River."

The Treatise on Exceeding the Qin: "Then the Qin took beyond the West River by arching their hand." Jiangdong (江東) east of the Yangtze River.

For example, Li Qingzhao's poem, "To this day, I think of Xiang Yu and refuse to cross the Jiangdong."

The Battle of Red Cliffs: "And fighting for the martyrdom of my father and brother, I cut off Jiangdong."

Jiangzuo is Jiangdong. The ancients used east as left and west as right.

The Qunyinhui Jiang Gan in the Scheme: "That is to pass the order to summon all the Jiangzuo heroes to meet with Ziyi."

Jiang table the area south of the Yangtze River.

The Battle of Red Cliff: "The heroes of the Jiangwu table, salty and submissive."

The general term for the south of the Yangtze River in the south of the river, referring to an area that varies from time to time.

Bai Juyi's words: "Jiangnan is good, the scenery is old and familiar."

Wang Anshi's poem: "The spring breeze is green again on the south bank of the river, when will the bright moon shine on me

return."

East of Huaizuo Huai Shui.

Yangzhou Slowly, "The Famous Capital of Huazuo, the Good Place of Bamboo West", Yangzhou is on the east side of Huai Shui.

Shandong, as the name suggests, is east of the mountains. It should be noted, however, that the "mountains" of Shandong can refer to several different kinds of mountains, such as Mount Banyan, Mount Huashan, Mount Taihang, and Mount Tai, and the regions they refer to are not all the same. The following is a standardized version of "Shandong" based on Mount Banyan.

For example, the Book of Han mentions that "Shandong produces ministers and Shanxi produces generals".

"Hongmen Banquet": "When Pei Gong lived in Shandong, he was greedy for wealth and goods."

Over Qin Lun: "The great and handsome people of Shandong then rose up together and killed the Qin clan."

Guandong in ancient times referred to the area east of the Hangu Pass or the Tongguan Pass, and in modern times refers to the northeastern area east of the Shanhaiguan Pass.

Cao Cao's Artemisia: "There are righteous men in Guandong who raise an army to fight against the fierce." It refers to the area east of the Tongguan Pass.

Guanxi refers to the area west of Hangu Pass or Tongguan Pass.

The Battle of Red Cliff: "Ma Chao and Han Sui are still in the west of Guanxi, which is a rear danger for Cao."

The scope of Guanzhong varies, and the ancients used to call the area west of Hangu Pass Guanzhong.

The Hongmen Banquet: "Duke Pei wanted to be the king of Guanzhong, and made Ziying his prime minister."

The Essay on Excessive Qin: "The heart of Emperor Shihuang thought himself to be the stronghold of Guanzhong."

China's ancient chronology method there are four main: (1) the princes and dukes on the throne of the year chronology method. The number of years of the reign of the princes to the chronicle. Lian Lin Lie Zhuan: "In the 16th year of King Huiwen of Zhao, Lian Po was a general of Zhao."

(2) The method of chronology. There began to be year numbers from Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty onwards. Since then, every emperor on the throne had to change the year and use the year number to chronicle the year. For example, "Pipa Xing" "Ten Years of Yuanhe".

(3) Stem and branch dating method. For example, "The Tombstones of Five Men": "I still remember that Zhou Gong was arrested in the hope of March in Ding Mao."

(4) the year of the stem and branch method. The emperor's year number is placed in front of the chronicle, and the stem and branch are listed in the back. The Nuclear Boat Chronicle, "Tianqi nonoxu autumn."

Monthly method in ancient China, there are mainly three kinds of monthly method:

Ordinal number of the monthly method. Such as the "picking herbs": "such as the flat land in March flowers, deep in the mountains in April flowers."

Di Zhi Ji Yue method. Ancient people used to call the twelve months by the twelve branches of the earth, and each branch was preceded by the specific word "Jian". For example, in Du Fu's poem "The Cao Tang" (草堂即事), he wrote: "The deserted village is in the month of Jian Zi, and the old man's house is in a single tree." The month of Jian Zi refers to the eleventh month of the lunar calendar according to the Zhou Dynasty's lunar calendar system.

Seasonal chronology. The first time I saw this is when I was a kid, and it was the first time I'd ever seen a kid in my life," he said. "Mengdong" is the tenth month of the lunar calendar.

Date method of China's ancient date method there are four main:

Ordinal date method. Xiang Ji Xuan Zhi: "three or five nights, the moon half-wall." "Sanwu" refers to the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar.

Stem and branch date method. For example, "the battle of dishes": "summer April Xin Si, defeated the Qin army in dishes." "April Xin Si" refers to the thirteenth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar

Lunar phase date. Refers to the use of "Shuo, crescent moon (fei), hope, both hope, obscure" and other special name to indicate the phase of the moon to date. The first day of the month is called Shuo, the first three days of the month is called Crescent Moon, in the middle of the month is called Wang (15 days of the small month, the 16th day of the big month), the day after Wang is called both Wang, the last day of the month is called Hi.

The method of using both dry and branched moon phases. The month of the last day of the month is called Hai.

China's ancient chronology method there are two main:

The color of the sky chronology method. Ancient people initially according to the changes in the color of the sky will be divided into twelve hours of the day and night, their names are: half past midnight, rooster crows, Pingdan, sunrise, eclipse, corner (yu) in the middle of the day, the middle of the day, the declining sun (die), 'asr (bu) time, the sun into the evening, dusk, the people fixed. For example, "Southeast Flying of the Peacock": "The cock crows into the weaving machine, and there is no rest at night." "After the dying dusk, the silence of the beginning of human fixation."

The Earth's Branches Chronology. The twelve earthly branches are used to represent the twelve hours of a day and night.

People's appellations

There are roughly three kinds of direct names:

(1) Calling oneself by name or given name. For example, "within five steps, Xiang Ru please be able to neck blood splash the king carry on", "Luling Wen Tianxiang since the preface of his poem".

(2) Used for introduction or biography. Such as "so and Lu Su went to Sun Quan", "Liu Jingting, Yang's Taizhou people".

(3) It is used to refer to people who are detested or despised. For example, "It is unfortunate that Lv Shimeng was in the front, and Jia Yuqing was in the back".

Weighing the word of the ancients named at a young age, adult (male 20 years old, female 15 years old) to take the word, the word and the name have a meaningful connection. The word is to facilitate others to call the word, to the peer or honored generation called the word out of courtesy and respect. Such as Qu Ping for Qu Yuan, Sima Qian for Sima Zi Chang, Tao Yuanming for Tao Yuanliang, Li Bai for Li Taibai, Du Fu for Du Zimei, Han Yu for Han retreat, Liu Zongyuan for Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu for Ouyang Yongshu, Sima Guang for Sima Junshi, Su Shi for Su Zizhan, Su Zhe for Su Ziyu and so on.

The title number is also called alias, table number. The fundamental difference between name, word and number is that the former is taken by the father or honored elder, and the latter is taken by oneself. No., generally used only for self-proclaimed, in order to show some kind of interest or express some kind of emotion; to the person title is also a kind of honorific. For example: Tao Qian, Mr. Willow, Li Bai, Qinglianjuushi, Du Fu, Shaoling Ye Lao, Bai Juyi, Xiangshanjuushi, Li Shangyin, Yuxi Sheng, He Zhizhang in his later years since the name of the four Ming fanatic, Ouyang Xiu, Drunken Weng, and in his later years, the number of the six onejuushi, Wang Anshi in his later years, the half-mountain, Su Shi, the number of the East Slope Juushi, Lu You, the number of the release of the mountain, the number of the Wenshan Wentianxiang, Xin Qiji, the number of the Jiaxuan, Li Qingzhao, the number of the Yianjuushi, Yang Wanli, the number of the sincerity of zai, Luo Guanzhong, the number of the lake and the sea! The scattered people, Guan Hanqing has been Zhaizao, Wu Chengen number Shiyangshanren, Fangbao number Wangxi, Wu Corns number I Foshan people, Yuan Mei number Suiyuan old man, Liu Osprey number Hongdu Hundred Refinement Sheng.

Said posthumously ancient princes and generals, senior officials, famous scribes and other deaths were added to the title called posthumous. Such as Tao Yuanming for Jingjie Zhengshi, Ouyang Xiu for Ouyang Wenzhong Gong, Wang Anshi for Wang Wen Gong, Fan Zhongyan for Fan Wenzheng Gong, Wang Ao for Wang Zhongsu Gong, Zuo Guangdou for Zuo Zhongyi Gong, Shi Kefa for Shi Zhonglie Gong, Lin Zexu for Lin Wenzhong Gong. And called the traitor Qin Hui for mu ugly is a kind of "bad posthumous". Called the name of the fast refers to the fast or room number to call. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, was called Chengzhai, and was called Yang Chengzhai; Yao Nai was called Yao Shihou and Mr. Shihou because of the name of his lent, Shihou Xuan. Another example is to call Pu Songling as Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao as the master of the ice drinking room, Tan Sitong as Tan Zhuangfei (whose lent is called Zhuangfeilou).

Said the place of origin such as the Tang Dynasty poet Meng Haoran is Xiangyang people, so it is known as Meng Xiangyang; Zhang Jiuling is Qujiang people, so it is known as Zhang Qujiang; Liu Zongyuan is the Hedong (now Shanxi Yongji) people, so it is known as Liu Hedong; the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi is a Jiangxi Linchuan people, so it is known as the king of Linchuan; the Ming Dynasty playwright Tang Xianzu known as the soup Linchuan (Jiangxi Linchuan people); early Qing Dynasty scholars Gu Yanwu is the town of Tinglin in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, was called Gu Tinglin; Kang Youyou is known as Gu Tinglin. Gu Tinglin; Kang Youwei, a native of Nanhai, Guangdong, was known as Kang Nanhai; and Yuan Shikai, the leader of the Northern Warlords, was known as Yuan Xiangcheng (a native of Xiangcheng, Henan). At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there was a famous couplet full of ridicule: "The prime minister Hefei is thin in the world, and the secretary peasant Changshu is barren in the world." The first line "Hefei" refers to Li Hongzhang (Anhui Hefei), the second line "Changshu" that is, born in Changshu, Jiangsu Weng Tongxie.

Said the county Han Yue although the Department of Hanoi Heyang (now Henan Meng County) people, but because of Changli (now Liaoning Yixian) Han for the Tang Dynasty, so Han Yue often "Changli Han Yue" self-proclaimed, the world then called it Han Changli. Another example is Su Shi was Sichuan Meizhou people, but he sometimes called himself "Zhao County Su Shi", "Su Zhao County", because Su is the Zhao County of the famous family.

The use of official names, such as "Sun Zharu", "Sun Zharu" is Sun Quan, because he had been awarded the official position of General Zharu, so called. The official name used as a person's title in ancient times is quite common, such as Jia Yi as Jia Tai Fu; "Bamboo Forest Seven Sages" one of the Ruan Ji had served as a foot soldier lieutenant, the world called Ruan foot soldiers; Jikang had been worshiped in the bulk of the doctor, the world called JI in the scattered; the Eastern Jin Dynasty calligrapher Wang Xizhi official to the right army generals, and so far, people still say that its king right army; Wang Wei had served as the Shangshu Right Minister, the world called the right minister of the king; Du Fu had served as the left pickup, the world called the right minister of the king! Du Fu was the left pickup, so it is called Du pickup, but also because of the inspection of the Ministry of Public Works, so it is also known as the Ministry of Public Works; Liu Yuxi was the Prince's guest, known as Liu guest; Liu Yong was the Tuntian Minister, known as Liu Tuntian; Su Shi was the Duanming Hall of the Hanlin School, known as the Su Bachelor.

The name of the title, such as Zhuge Liang was knighted Marquis Wuxiang, so the descendants of the Marquis of Wuxiang; North and South Dynasty poet Xie Lingyun inherited his ancestor Xie Xuan's title of Kangle Duke, so the world called Xie Kangle; early Tang Dynasty minister Wei Zheng was knighted Duke of Zheng, so the world called Wei Zheng Duke; the famous general Guo Ziyi in the pacification of the "Anshi Rebellion" due to the merit of the Fenyang King, the world called Guo Fenyang; great calligrapher Guo Fenyang; the world called Fenyang; the world called Guo Fenyang; the world called Guo Fenyang; the world called Guo Fenyang. Guo Fenyang; great calligrapher Chu Suiliang Duke of Henan, known as Chu Henan; Northern Song Dynasty Wang Anshi Duke of Jing, known as Wang Jing; Sima Guang was Duke of Wen, known as Sima Wen; Zhu Yuanzhang's minister Liu Ji Duke of Chengyi, early Ming Dynasty, people are known as Chengyi Bo.

The term "official place" refers to the name of the place where the official is appointed. For example, "The Battle of Red Cliff": "Where does Yuzhou want to be today?" Because Liu Bei had been the assassin of Yuzhou, he was called by the name of the official place. For example, Jia Yi was once relegated to the post of Taifu of Changsha, and was called Jia Changsha; Kong Rong, one of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an", was once the minister of Beihai, and was called Kong Beihai; Tao Yuanming was once the magistrate of Pengze, and was called Tao Pengze; Luo Binwang was once the prime minister of Linhai County, and was called Luo Linhai; Cen Sen was once the assassin of Jiazhou, and was called Cen Jiazhou; and Wei Yingwu was once the assassin of Suzhou, and was called Wei Suzhou; Liu Zongyuan was the assassin of Liuzhou, known as Liu Liuzhou; Jia Dao was the chief official of Changjiang County, known as Jia Changjiang, and his collection of poems is called The Collection of Changjiang.

Both said, such as "tour of Mount Baochan" "four people, Luling Xiao Jungui Junyu, Changle Wang Hui deep father, the remaining brother of the Anguo Ping father, An on the pure father", the first two both said the place of origin, name and word, the latter two first write the author's relationship with the author, and then called the name and word; "the five tombstones," "the wise scholar and the great man. The first two of them also referred to their official positions, words and surnames, and the second one referred to their words and surnames; the "Plum Blossom Ridge Record", "Governor Shi Zhonglie Gong knew that the situation was not feasible", referred to both the official position and the posthumous name, and "Horse deputy messenger (horse blusters), Ren Taishou Minyu, and the generals Liu Dudu Zhaoqi, etc.", referred to both the official position and the posthumous name, and "Horse deputy messenger (horse blusters), Ren Taishou Minyu, and the generals Liu Dudu Zhaoqi, etc.". The generals, such as Liu Dudu Zhaoji, all died", referring to both the surname, official position and first name; "Promoting Weaving", "I was in the Historical Museum, and I heard Mr. Tao of Tiantai, Hanlin, talking about Boji", referring to both the official position, the place of origin, and the honorific title.

Humility

(1) To express humility, used to refer to oneself.

Foolishness, humbly calling oneself unintelligent.

Despicable, modestly claiming to be poorly educated.

Weak, a modest claim that one's self or one's things are not good.

Humble, to call oneself lowly.

Theft, with the meaning of private, private, using it often has the meaning of impudence,

Tangcheng.

Servant, modestly describing oneself as inferior to the other in status.

Servant, to say that one is the servant of the other party, and to use it in the sense of serving the other party.

(2) The ancient emperors' words of self-effacement were loneliness (the ruler of a small country), widowhood (a person of little virtue), and bugu (not good).

(3) The self-effacing words of ancient officials include inferior official, last official, and minor official.

(4) The self-effacing words for a scholar are 小生, 晚生, 晚学, etc., which indicate that one is a newly-learned junior; if one humbles oneself as 不才, 不佞, 不肖, it means that one has no talent or mediocre talent.

(5) the ancients called their own side of the relatives and friends, commonly used "home", "house" and other words of modesty. "Home" is to say to others of their own seniority or older relatives with the word of modesty, such as the family father, mother, family brother. "She" is used to humbly refer to their own home or their own young relatives, the former such as the cold house, my house, the latter, such as the brother, sister, nephew, etc..

(6) Other words of self-effacement include:

Because the ancients sat with their elders at the top, those who are late in life or in a low position

came to be called under;

Smaller is the self-effacement of those who have a certain status, which means that they are

common and not worthy of attention;

Boy is the self-effacement of the younger generation of the children to the elder ones of their fathers and brothers;

Elderly people use the words "old" when they are self-effacement;

The former is like the old man, the latter is like the younger sister and nephew.

Women call themselves concubines;

Old monks call themselves Laodian;

They call themselves oligarchs in other countries.

(1) The honorific titles for the emperor include Long Live the Emperor, Your Majesty, Your Majesty, Your Majesty, Your Majesty, etc. The title of "Your Majesty" refers to the emperor's carriage, which was originally the emperor's carriage. Driving, originally refers to the emperor's carriage. Ancient people believed that the emperor should travel the world by car, so they used "driving" to refer to the emperor. Ancient emperors believed that their power was established by the order of heaven, so they called the emperor the son of heaven. In ancient times, the emperor's ministers did not dare to reach him directly, so they told the people at the bottom of the ah (the steps of the palace) and asked them to convey their meaning to him, so they called him "Your Majesty" instead of "Emperor".

(2) The honorific title for the Crown Prince and Prince is Your Highness.

(3) The honorific title for a general is banner.

(4) The honorific title for a person of a certain status: for envoys it is under the section; for people of a certain social status such as the three dukes and county governors, it is Your Excellency, which is now more often used in diplomatic contexts, as in the case of His Excellency the Ambassador.

(5) For each other or each other's relatives, there are honorifics such as order, honor, and Xian.

Ling, meaning beautiful, is used to address each other's relatives, such as your father (each other's father), your mother (each other's mother), your wife (each other's wife), your brother (each other's brother), your son (each other's son), your love (each other's daughter).

Zun, used to refer to people or things related to the other party, such as Zunshang (referring to the other party's parents), Zun Gong, Zun Jun, Zunfu (all referring to the other party's father), Zun Tang (the other party's mother), Zun Kin (the other party's relatives), Zun Zhaoyu (referring to the other party), Zun Ming (the other party's instructions), Zunyi (the other party's meaning).

Xian is used to refer to a junior or younger generation, such as xianjia (calling the other person), xianlang (calling the other person's son), xiandi (calling the other person's younger brother).

Ren, expressed love, a wider range of applications, such as peer friends longer than their own as Ren brother, said the status of the high people as Ren Gong. (6) To call an elderly person a zhang or zhangren, such as "Zi Lu thus met the zhangren afterward" (The Analects of Confucius). After the Tang Dynasty, zhang, zhang man refers to his wife's father, also known as Taishan, his wife's mother is called zhang mother or Taishui.

(7) The title "first" is added in front of the title to indicate that the person has died, and is used to honor people of high status or older people, such as the dead emperor as the first emperor, the dead father as the first kao or first father, the dead mother as the first ci or mother, and the dead talented people as the first sage.

The title is preceded by "too" or "big" to indicate another generation, such as the emperor's mother for the Empress Dowager, grandfather for the big (too) father, grandmother for the big (too) mother. After the Tang Dynasty, the dead emperor more temple name, such as Tang Taizong, Tang Xuanzong, Song Taizu, Song Renzong, Yuan Shizu, Ming Taizu, etc.; Ming and Qing dynasties, but also with the name of the year on behalf of the emperor, such as Zhu Yuanzhang as Emperor Hongwu, said Zhu Yujian as Emperor Chongzhen, said Xuan Ye for the Kangxi Emperor, said Hongli for the Qianlong Emperor.

(8) to the respected elders and used between the peers of the honorifics are Jun, Zi, Gong, foot, Fuzi, Mr., adults and so on.

(9) The honorific title for a ruler to a minister is qing or aiqing.

(10) People of noble character and superior wisdom were honored with the word "sheng", such as Confucius, who was called a saint, and Mencius, who was called a saint. Later, the word "saint" was used for emperors and kings, such as "saint" and "saint".

The term "cheap" is used to express a contemptuous and scolding attitude.

For example, "Jing Ke Assassinates the Qin King": "Those who go to the past but do not rebel now are also vertical sons." Mao Sui's Self-Recommendation: "Bai Qi, a small vertical son." Hongmen Banquet: "The vertical son is not enough to conspire with!" Southeast Flying of the Peacock (孔雀東南飞)："The boy is fearless, how dare he help a woman speak!"

Sacrifice ancient sacrificial animals, color pure for "??", body full for "livestock". Zuo Zhuan. Cao Yu war" has this to say: "Sacrifice jade and silk, do not dare to add also, will be to the letter."

Three animals a reference to the ancient sacrificial cattle, sheep, pigs, and later also known as chicken, fish, pigs for the three animals. One refers to the general term for the sacrifices used in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties.

The ancient people on the "death" there are many taboo, the main ones are:

(1) the son of God, the Queen Mother, the death of the princes and lords of the Secretary of State said: the death of a prince, collapse, a hundred years old, a thousand years, Yen driving, the collapse of the mountains, and so on.

(2) The death of parents is called: see the back, lonely dew, abandonment, and so on.

(3) The deaths of Buddhists and Taoists are called: nirvana, silence, seated, feathered, immortal, immortal death, etc. The term "immortal death" is used to refer to the death of a Buddhist or Taoist. "Immortal death" is now also used to refer to the death of a respected figure.

(4) The death of a person in general is said to be: death, long sleep, death, passing away, death, death, death, death, death, and so on.

Customs and etiquette, too jail, less jail in ancient times, the emperor sacrificed to the gods and goddesses of earth and grain, cattle, sheep, boar (shi, pig) three animals for the full preparation for the "too jail". Ancient sacrifices used in the sacrifice, the line before the sacrifice needs to be raised in the jail, so this kind of sacrifice is called jail; and according to the different kinds of sacrifices with the different kinds of too much jail, less jail points. Less prison only sheep, boars, no cattle. Due to the sacrificer and the object of sacrifice is different, the specifications of the sacrifices used are also different: the son of heaven and earth sacrifices with too much jail, the vassal sacrifices with less jail.

Nine worship China's ancient unique to each other to express high respect for the kneeling ceremony. Zhouli" said "nine worship": "a said bow, two said Dun head, three days empty head, four said vibration, five days auspicious worship, six days fierce worship, seven days odd worship, eight days praise worship, nine said Su worship." This is a member of society of different ranks, different status, on different occasions used by the prescribed etiquette.

Seat ancient times, the official seat of honor, very strict. Officials are honored to live in the upper position, the official low for the humble in the lower position. Ancient people still right, to the right as the honor, "left to move" that is to say that the depreciation of the official. Lian Po Lin Xiang Ru Lian Zhuan: "Xiang Ru's achievements were so great that he was appointed as a senior minister, and his position was to the right of Lian Po." In ancient times, buildings were usually built in a hall structure, with a hall in front and a room in the back. The ceremonial activities held in the hall were honored by the south direction. When the emperor gathered his ministers, his seat must be sitting north to south. Therefore, the ancients often called the king and the emperor "south face" and the ministers "north face". The room was long from east to west and narrow from north to south, so the most honored seating position in the room was sitting in the west and facing east, followed by sitting in the north and facing south, then sitting in the south and facing north, and the most honored seating position was sitting in the east and facing west. Hongmen Banquet" has these lines: "Xiang Wang, Xiang Bo eastward sitting, Yafu southward sitting, ...... Pei Gong northward sitting, Zhang Liang westward service." The king of Xiang was seated in the most honorable position, and Zhang Liang was seated in the most inferior position.

Seat ancient banquet seating, inferiority or superiority is very elaborate. The general banquet with the eight immortal table, table towards the door, the order is as follows: the position of respect for the front, 8 is the master seat. If more guests, there can be two tables, three tables or more, there is a difference between the table and the scattered seats: the table and the same single seat, scattered seats are not divided into seats.

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

Six RitesThe six formalities and etiquettes of marriage in ancient China, i.e., nacai, asking for the name, naji, nazheng, inviting the period, and kissing the bride.