Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - Compare the differences among sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis and chemotherapy? And give an example.

Compare the differences among sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis and chemotherapy? And give an example.

Sterilization refers to the method of killing all microorganisms (including bacterial spores) on objects, usually by physical means.

Disinfection refers to the method of killing pathogenic microorganisms, but it does not necessarily kill bacterial spores. Chemical methods are usually used to achieve disinfection. Chemicals used for disinfection are called disinfectants.

The difference between the two:

First, they need different levels of treatment. Disinfection only needs to kill or/and remove pathogenic microorganisms, so that their number can no longer cause human diseases. Sterilization requires not only killing or/and removing pathogenic microorganisms, but also killing or/and removing all microorganisms, including non-pathogenic microorganisms. ?

In a word, disinfection only requires places and articles to be harmless, while sterilization requires that no living bacteria exist.

Second, they choose different treatment methods. Compared with disinfection, sterilization is more demanding and more difficult to handle. Physical methods or chemical disinfectants that can kill the most resistant microorganisms (bacterial spores) must be selected for sterilization, and only physical methods, chemical disinfectants or biological disinfectants with certain sterilization effects need to be selected for disinfection. Sterilization is not only unnecessary to kill chickens, but also produces side effects that could not have happened originally; If sterilization is carried out by disinfection, sterilization will fail.

Third, the location of the application and the projects handled are also different. Sterilization is mainly used to deal with medical supplies and industrial products that enter sterile tissues and organs in hospitals, disinfection is used to deal with articles in daily life and workplaces, and it is also used to deal with general places and articles in hospitals.

Anticorrosion refers to the method of preventing or inhibiting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. The chemicals used for anticorrosion are called preservatives. Anticorrosion is only used for bacteriostasis, not sterilization.

For example, medical specimens are kept in formalin solution to prevent the growth of spoilage bacteria.

Chemotherapy is the abbreviation of chemical drug therapy, which is a treatment method that uses chemical drugs to prevent the proliferation, infiltration and metastasis of cancer cells until they are finally killed. It is a systemic treatment, and it is called the three major treatments of cancer together with surgery and radiotherapy.

Because the selectivity of chemotherapy drugs is not strong, while killing cancer cells, it will inevitably damage normal cells of the human body, thus causing adverse reactions of drugs. Therefore, when receiving chemotherapy drugs, on the one hand, we hope to achieve the best anti-tumor effect, on the other hand, we should also pay attention to preventing and identifying the adverse reactions of chemotherapy drugs.

Extended data:

There are many anti-corrosion methods with different principles. Generally includes the following seven kinds:

First, low temperature

Store food, biochemical reagents, biological products or strains at various low temperatures below 4℃ (0℃, -20℃, -70℃,-196℃). ).

Second, lack of oxygen

Methods such as vacuumizing, filling nitrogen or carbon dioxide and adding deoxidizer can be used to effectively prevent grain and grain from mildew and deterioration and achieve the purpose of preservation. Among them, there are many kinds of deoxidizers, which are made of iron powder as the main raw material, with a certain amount of auxiliary materials and fillers, and have a good preservation effect on fresh foods with high water content such as cakes.

Thirdly, drying.

Drying and preserving cereals and foods by sun drying, oven drying or ultraviolet drying is the most common way to prevent them from becoming moldy. In addition, under the sealed condition, using quicklime, anhydrous calcium chloride, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium hydroxide (or sodium hydroxide) or silica gel as moisture absorbent can also achieve the purpose of long-term mildew prevention of food, medicine and equipment.

Fourth, hypertonic

Preserving food with high permeability measures such as salt pickling and sugar pickling is an effective method to prevent mildew for a long time.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) with high acidity.

Kimchi has a long history in China. It uses the anaerobic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria to make fresh vegetables produce a lot of lactic acid, so as to achieve the purpose of inhibiting miscellaneous bacteria and preventing mildew with high acidity.

Sixth, the alcohol content is high.

Pickling foods with white wine or yellow wine has a long tradition in China, such as drunken crabs, drunken bran, drunken bamboo shoots and yellow snails, which are all special flavor foods.

Seven, add preservatives

In some foods, condiments, beverages, fruit juices or industrial equipment, an appropriate amount of preservatives or mildew inhibitors can be added to achieve the purpose of mildew prevention, such as malonic acid (0.32%) or oxalic acid (0.32%) as a preservative for bread, benzoic acid (0. 1%) as a preservative for soy sauce and methyl paraben (methyl paraben) as a preservative.

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