Mathematical statistics of human genetics

One of the commonly used methods in human population genetics research. Through population investigation, pedigree analysis and mathematical processing of the obtained data, we can determine the distribution frequency of some human traits or disease genes, and understand their transmission law and the relationship with race, group, environment, migration and marriage mode. Some human traits (such as height, weight, blood pressure) and the inheritance of diseases are not determined by one pair of genes, but by many pairs of genes. The distribution of polygenic traits in the population is continuous and normal, and it is more susceptible to environmental factors. Therefore, heritability, also called heritability, is often used to express the relative effects of genetic factors and environmental factors. For example, the heritability of human body height is high and the heritability of body weight is low, which shows that body weight is more easily affected by the environment than body height. The susceptibility of polygenic diseases is also in a normal distribution, and the individual's susceptibility will show symptoms when it crosses the threshold. For example, the blood pressure distribution of first-degree relatives (siblings, parents and children) of patients with essential hypertension is closer to the threshold than that of the general population, so the family members are more prone to hypertension than the general population. The statistical research results confirm this point.