Problems of traditional logistics service enterprises

I, China's modern logistics industry development of the current situation

China's modern logistics industry is adapted to the rapid development of China's economy and open to the outside world, the situation of increasing competition in the market, in China's traditional planned economic system of distribution of materials planning and transportation system on the basis of the development of new industries. With economic globalization, information technology process accelerated in recent years, China's modern logistics industry has a faster development.

(I) logistics infrastructure construction has made great progress. After more than 50 years after the founding of the country, especially after the reform and opening up more than 20 years of construction, China has basically built by railroads, highways, water transport, civil aviation and pipeline transportation infrastructure system composed of logistics and transportation. 2003 China's railroad mileage of 73,000 kilometers, an increase of 41% over 1978; highway mileage of 1,796,000 kilometers, an increase of 102% over 1978, of which 30,000 kilometers of expressway; inland waterways and navigation. The mileage of inland waterways is 122,000 kilometers. China has also built a number of railroads, highway stations and freight hubs, sea and river ports and airports, and in 2003, the number of deep-water berths of 10,000 tons and above in coastal ports reached nearly 600. Transportation routes and operational facilities have improved considerably. A large number of logistics parks, logistics centers and distribution centers have sprung up with the development of modern logistics as their core. Along with economic development and technological progress, there has been a qualitative leap in the scale, technical level and service level of the ****use communication network; in 2003, the total number of telephone subscribers amounted to 532 million, of which 263 million were fixed-line telephones and 269 million were mobile telephones. The penetration rate of telephones reached 42 per 100 people. The number of Internet users reached 79.5 million, the number of computers on the Internet reached 30.89 million, and the total number of websites reached 596,000, gradually popularizing the application of the Internet.

(2) Modern logistics technology has been gradually applied. In order to meet the needs of market competition, some large industrial enterprises began to pay attention to the application of modern logistics technology, order-centered transformation of existing business processes, in the organization of production, procurement of raw materials and product sales, distribution and transportation and other aspects of the implementation of integrated operations to reduce inventory, reduce the occupation of funds. Commercial enterprises to speed up the restructuring and reorganization, the development of chain management, unified distribution and e-commerce pace.

(C) the rapid development of specialized logistics enterprises. In recent years, through the transformation of traditional state-owned transportation, warehousing enterprises, the development of private logistics enterprises, the active introduction of foreign-funded logistics enterprises, as well as the realization of production and distribution of enterprise logistics socialization and other ways, the rapid development of specialized logistics enterprises and gradually formed a different form of ownership, different business models and different scale of operation of the professional logistics enterprises **** with the development of the pattern. Logistics services to enhance the function, improve the level of service.

(4) the total cost of logistics in society as a proportion of GDP is gradually reduced. The development of modern logistics industry has promoted the improvement of the overall efficiency of the national economy. According to the estimation of China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, the total cost of logistics of the whole Chinese society accounted for 21.4% of GDP in 2003, which was 2.6 percentage points lower than that of 1991, and 0.9 percentage points lower than that of 1997. A group of industrial and commercial enterprises using modern logistics technology logistics costs fell even more.

Second, the development of China's modern logistics industry, the main problems

Although China's rapid development of logistics, but also just started, the overall level of development is still lagging behind, it is difficult to meet the market demand, which is the problem if you do not pay attention to, it will affect the logistics industry in China's rapid, healthy and sustainable development.

(a) the market demand based on limitations. China's many enterprises still retain the traditional business organization, logistics activities rely mainly on the internal organization of self-service completed. This self-service-oriented logistics activity mode to a large extent to limit and delay the generation and development of efficient and specialized logistics service demand. In the enterprise optimization of internal logistics management, improve logistics efficiency in the process, there is also a gradual socialization of the internal logistics activities of the enterprise development trend and its potential demand for socialized logistics. However, due to the imperfections of market development and reform of modern enterprise system, enterprises are unable to implement effective divestment of their internal inefficient logistics facilities and organizations. This makes enterprises have to continue to use the previous logistics methods.

(ii) service quality and management level defects. Although China has appeared a number of specialized logistics enterprises, but the level of logistics services and efficiency is still relatively low. At present, most of the enterprises engaged in logistics services can only simply provide transportation and warehousing services, and in the circulation processing, logistics information services, inventory management, logistics cost control and other value-added services, especially in the design of logistics solutions as well as the full range of logistics services, such as higher-level services have not been fully developed. In addition, the logistics enterprise management level is low, most of the enterprises engaged in logistics services lack the necessary service standards and internal management procedures, management is sloppy, it is difficult to provide standardized logistics services.

(C) backward infrastructure and technical equipment. China's logistics infrastructure and equipment conditions and the economy and the development of the logistics industry, compared with the requirements of the larger gap, China's transportation infrastructure is still very small in overall size, logistics distribution and storage facilities are fewer, lower level of development; a variety of logistics facilities and equipment and the technical level of the structure of the facility is not reasonable, the standardization of facilities and equipment is low, can not give full play to the efficiency of the existing logistics facilities.

(D) management system and mechanism barriers. In the logistics industry, China's implementation of different modes of transportation in accordance with the division of sub-sector management system, from the central to local management departments and levels. This kind of compartmentalized management system makes the whole society's logistics process divided, to a considerable extent, affecting and restricting the development of the logistics industry. Different degrees of government-enterprise phenomenon, also affects the government's impartial exercise of government functions and the improvement of market competitiveness of enterprises. In the multiple management, segment management system, policies and regulations contradict each other and difficult to harmonize, but also directly affect the development of various logistics services.

(E) shortage of logistics professionals. China's logistics research and education is still very backward, logistics knowledge is far from being popularized. Logistics companies have not paid enough attention to the talent, engaged in logistics, the corresponding lack of business knowledge, business skills, and thus are not good at management. Logistics education level is not high mainly in the lack of standardized logistics personnel training path. Logistics-related undergraduate education has not been recognized by the national education authorities, short-term corporate training is still the main way of logistics training.

Three, the development of China's modern logistics industry, the basic countermeasures

(a) build information platform. since the 1990s, the continuous development of information technology, the Internet and e-commerce application of the widespread popularity of international trade and international logistics has greatly reduced the operating costs of logistics, so that the international logistics can be a significant development. At present, the efficiency of international logistics depends largely on the degree of application of emerging information technology, and its development trend is to establish intelligent transportation system. Through the development of transport real-time tracking and positioning system, transport path optimization geographic information system, global network positioning system, three-dimensional bar code technology and infrared sensing system and other new information technology, the transport and warehousing electronic management process and network financial support system, electronic commerce into one.

(ii) improve the distribution center to improve the overall logistics efficiency. In the development of the logistics industry in Europe, the distribution center has a very important position. Its role includes: reducing the construction of warehouses and labor costs, increase inventory transparency, and strengthen the process of logistics control. Due to the different conditions of the European countries, the logistics development model is not the same. In the current logistics distribution centers, both processing and distribution type, but also simple storage and distribution type; both professional products such as auto parts, food distribution, etc., but also like Bremen, Germany, Madrid, Spain, the integrated logistics center; both logistics and the combination of exhibitions and sales, but also cross-regional integration of air, sea, rail, highway global logistics distribution centers; both business investment, but also the government, society, enterprises *** with investment The government, enterprises *** with the investment. Distribution centers are generally widely used in a variety of high-tech means, such as information management systems, electronic data monitoring systems, modern three-dimensional warehouse, bar code scanning, etc., but also includes a full set of supply chain program design, port electronic network management, automated management of warehouses in and out of the goods, satellite positioning systems, etc..

(C) focus on the role of the market mechanism. In the process of encouraging the development of modern logistics industry, countries (or regions) have attached great importance to the role of the market mechanism. Such as Japan in the construction of logistics parks in the process, taking into account the logistics business investment, long payback period, social benefits and other characteristics, the government to participate in the construction of logistics parks to provide policy incentives for enterprises. The land in the park will be sold to the logistics industry association at the price of raw land. The association recruits funds among its members in the form of shareholding, which are used to purchase land and build logistics facilities, and at the same time establishes a professional company to specialize in the operation. If the members of the association do not contribute enough funds, they can be provided with long-term low-interest (30% of the normal loan interest) or interest-free loans through banks. In addition, the government actively for the logistics park for the construction of related facilities, unified planning of logistics parks in the traffic, roads, greening, education, recreational facilities and other projects, the formation of a complete service function and a good ecological environment.

(4) green logistics. Modern logistics industry is a development trend of green logistics, that is, in the development of the logistics industry will be environmental protection and sustainable issues in an important position. Its goal is to solve the logistics-related energy, environment, transportation safety and other issues. At present, Japan is pressing the development of "new integrated logistics policy outline", one of its focus is to reduce air pollutant emissions, strengthen the earth's environmental protection, recycling of available resources, resources, ecological and socio-economic virtuous cycle, the establishment of a new logistics system to meet the requirements of environmental protection.

(E) to promote the standardization of the logistics system. Modern logistics industry on the transportation and warehousing resources for a high degree of integration, so the degree of standardization requirements are very high. If there is no unified standard, it is difficult to improve the level of international logistics. At present, the United States, Europe has basically realized the unified standard of logistics tools and facilities, such as pallets using 1000mm × 1200mm standard, several kinds of uniform specifications of the container and bar code technology, greatly reducing the difficulty of the system operation. In the logistics information exchange technology, European countries not only realize the standardization within the enterprise, but also realize the standardization between the enterprise and the European unified market, which makes the system exchange between countries simpler and more efficient. Korea's Ministry of Industry and Resources is drafting a five-year plan for the development of logistics, the standardization of logistics facilities to promote the issue.

(F) pay attention to logistics personnel training. The experience of developed countries has proved that the development of modern logistics industry, the key is to have an excellent logistics management team. Driven by the demand for logistics personnel, the United States has formed a more reasonable system of education and training of logistics personnel, many famous colleges and universities set up logistics management specialties, some of which are set up in the direction of logistics postgraduate courses and degree education, the formation of a certain scale of postgraduate education system. In the U.S. Logistics Council of the organization and advocacy, the comprehensive development of the logistics industry professional qualification certification system, such as warehousing engineers, distribution engineers and other positions. All logistics practitioners must receive vocational education, after the examination to obtain the qualification of the above engineers, in order to engage in related logistics work.