What are the opportunities and challenges of traditional banking today?

At present, China's economic and financial situation presents a new trend. In this new situation, banks began to actively or passively transform. As Yang Wensheng, vice president of China Construction Bank, said, China's banking industry is in the period of economic transition, structural adjustment and early policy digestion, so it can't continue to rely on the traditional large-scale and high-speed expansion. Coupled with the restrictions on capital imposed by the new Basel Accord, commercial banks must now study how to transition from the extension development model to the connotation development model as soon as possible. With the advancement of interest rate marketization reform and the gradual penetration of internet technology into the financial industry, the external environment requires the banking industry to change.

Liu, deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, said at the forum that we are in a critical period of steady growth and structural adjustment, especially the task of eliminating backward production capacity and resolving excess production capacity is quite arduous. Many large enterprises are in trouble because of the single structure of some enterprises, the irregular governance structure of some enterprises and the change of market demand. In this case, enterprise bankruptcy has gradually entered people's field of vision, and everyone should accept this concept. At the same time, the proportion of non-performing assets in some local banks has increased, and many enterprises are in a zombie state, occupying a lot of credit resources. Creditors do not take the initiative to apply for bankruptcy, and debtors do not apply for bankruptcy protection. No matter what kind of bonds, there are potential losses. Therefore, in the process of deepening the reform in an all-round way, it is necessary to pay full attention to and apply the bankruptcy law, so as to revitalize the stock, protect the productive forces, focus on structural adjustment and industrial upgrading, and focus on economic construction under the rule of law.

Wang Zhaoxing, vice chairman of China Banking Regulatory Commission, analyzed the current financing difficulties and high costs. He pointed out that this is a complex and extensive problem and it is impossible to solve it through a single channel. To solve the financing problem, we must take a multi-pronged approach to dredge the blood vessels.

From the bank's point of view, we should provide financing needs for those enterprises with market competitiveness and good financial status, rather than "engaging in subprime loans" without standards. In the case of strengthening risk management and risk control, banks should improve financial services to enterprises, simplify loan approval, pay more attention to their own risks and financial credit status, and improve the strength and convenience of supporting enterprises.

It can be seen from the questions raised by the regulators that the future of the banking industry will undoubtedly be an important direction of the future financial industry reform and a focus of great concern to the whole society. For the reform, Yang Zaiping, full-time vice president of China Banking Association, classified it as stock reform and incremental reform. He stressed that the stock of China's banking industry is actually the accumulation of 30 years of reform, and deepening the reform "should be based on the stock, which is the continuation of the stock". After decades of development and reform, the banking industry has made great progress, but at the same time, there are also problems such as low inclusiveness, homogeneous service and insufficient innovation. He believes that these contradictions mainly exist in the stock. Only by constantly reforming the stock can new increments be generated, and there is no institutional path dependence.

As practitioners, seven senior executives from banks also agree that serving the real economy with differentiated strategies is the only way for banks to develop in the future. Yi Huiman, president of China Industrial and Commercial Bank, believes that bank innovation is helpful to reform, but this kind of innovation must grasp the unchangeable core and internal operating rules, and innovate on the basis of serving the real economy, managing risks and operating steadily. China Bank President Chen Siqing also said that serving customers is the eternal theme of the bank. By the end of the first quarter of this year, the loan coverage rate of small and micro enterprises in China was only 2 1.6%, which means that 78.4% of small and micro customers were not supported by bank funds. This shows that the breadth and depth of banking service coverage are far from enough, and there is still huge service space.

At present, under the influence of a series of factors, such as slowing economic growth, accelerating structural adjustment, resolving overcapacity and financial reform, banking financial institutions are facing unprecedented pressure and risks. In the future, we must act immediately and push forward the reform on the basis of seeing the reality clearly. As Liu said, "some actions on financial reform have been talked about before, and now it is time to act."