What is common knowledge about Hunan Province?

Shandong for short. It is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, mostly south of Dongting Lake. Famous mountains include Mount Hengshan. The main rivers are Xiangjiang, Zishui, Yuanjiang, and Lijiang, etc. The four waters converge in Dongting Lake and then enter the Yangtze River. It is rich in plant and mineral resources, and is known as the hometown of non-ferrous metals. Industry to metallurgy, electronics, machinery, building materials, chemicals and food as the pillar. Among them, non-ferrous metal and gold industries occupy an important position in China, and the Xiangzhong Industrial Zone composed of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan is an important non-ferrous metal smelting base. Hunan is known as the land of fish and rice, crops are mainly rice, cotton, hemp, tea, oilseeds and so on. The Nanling and Wuling Mountains are important timber forest bases, producing pine, fir and bamboo. Hunan is a famous revolutionary destination, and there are many places of interest. Hunan embroidery, summer cloth, Liling ceramics, Liuyang firecrackers, Shaoyang bamboo carvings, Yiyang bamboo mats and other specialties of Hunan, enjoying a good reputation.

Geography

Hunan is located in the transition zone from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the Jiangnan Hills and the Nanling Mountains to the Jianghan Plain. Surrounded by mountains in the east, south and west, there are Luoxiao Mountains in the east, Nanling Mountains in the south and Wuling and Xuefeng Mountains in the west; Dongting Lake Plain in the north; and mostly hills and basins in the center. The whole terrain is high in the south and low in the north, and it is an asymmetrical horseshoe shape tilted to the north of the center in the west, south and east, and opening towards the north. The landscape of the province is dominated by mountains and hills, roughly constituting a pattern of "seven mountains, one water and two fields". Hunan is a province with a relatively dense river system, with Xiang, Zi, Yuan and Li waters and Dongting Lake.

Climatic Characteristics

Hunan Province is characterized by a humid climate in the mid-subtropical monsoon, with a mild climate, abundant heat, abundant precipitation and a long frost-free period, but the distribution of heat and humidity is uneven. The average temperature of the province is 16~18℃. Southeast is higher than northwest, east is higher than west, the average temperature in January is 4~6℃. the average temperature in July is mostly 27~30℃. The annual precipitation of the province is 1,200~1,700 millimeters, which is one of the provinces with more rain in China.

Natural resources

Hunan Province is rich in mineral deposits, known as the home of non-ferrous metals and non-metals. Proven reserves of more than 80 kinds of mineral deposits, antimony reserves ranked first in the world, tungsten, bismuth, rubidium, manganese, vanadium, lead, zinc, and non-metallic andrographite, fluorite, seafoam, monazite, diamonds, etc., ranked first in the country.

Transportation

Land transportation is convenient in Hunan Province, with railroads running through the province, such as Beijing-Guangzhou, Xianggui, Jiaozhou-Liu and Zhegan, Xiangqian. Changsha as the center of the civil airways in all directions. Hunan's inland waterways are in excellent condition, and the four main rivers of Xiang, Zi, Yuan and Li, as well as many tributaries, run through the province and join Dongting Lake, and then inject into the Yangtze River from Chengling Alum.

Economic Overview

Hunan's agriculture is one of the most important in China. It produces rice, cotton, ramie and rape. Freshwater aquaculture and aquatic fishing industry is well developed, known as the land of fish and rice, is China's important commercial grain, fish base and rape, tea, citrus production areas. Hunan Province is rich in mineral resources. Non-ferrous metals and rare metals in the country occupies an important position, industry to mining, metallurgy, and electricity, machinery, building materials, textiles, chemicals, electronics and food and other categories. Traditional industrial products such as Liling porcelain, Changsha Hunan embroidery, Liuyang firecrackers, Shaoyang bamboo carvings, and Yiyang bamboo wares are well known both at home and abroad.

Cultural Customs

Hunan Province is inhabited by many ethnic groups such as Han, Tujia, Miao, Dong, Yao, Hui, Uygur and Zhuang. Among them, Xiangxi Prefecture is the most famous for its ethnic culture. Xiangxi Prefecture is located in the northwest of Hunan. It is at the junction of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces and cities. Out of the total population of 2.7 million, the population of ethnic minorities is about 1.9 million, accounting for about 70% of the total population. The famous writer Shen Congwen wrote about the mysterious, simple and beautiful Xiangxi. There is the ancient city of Phoenix, one of the most beautiful ancient cities in China.

Capital: Changsha

Changsha, the provincial capital, is located in the eastern part of the province, on the western edge of the Changliu Basin on the lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River. It covers an area of 11,819 square kilometers, with five districts and three counties under its jurisdiction and Liuyang City as its representative. The terrain is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, with the Xiangjiang River running north and south. It is the junction of Xiangdong Mountain, Xiangzhong Hills and Dongting Lake Plain. There are more than 40 kinds of mineral deposits, including iron, vanadium, copper, sulfur, phosphorus, barite, granite and coal. Industries are mainly light textile, machinery, chemical industry, metallurgy and food. Crops include rice, oilseed rape, tea and vegetables. Railroads and highways are densely interwoven; Xiangjiang River, Liuyang River and Loudao River flow through the territory and can be navigated all year round.

Historical and Cultural City: Yueyang

Yueyang City, a cultural city with a history of more than 2,500 years, is located in the northeastern part of Hunan Province, neighboring Hubei and Jiangxi Provinces, and is a place of richness (abundant resources), superiority (advantageous location), and beauty (beautiful scenery). The total area is nearly 15,000 square kilometers. Yueyang is the only riverfront city in Hunan. It is another golden cross in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, second only to Wuhan, especially the opening of Dongting Lake Bridge, which constitutes a convenient transportation network linking the east with the west and the north with the south. Yueyang is rich in tourism and cultural resources, including Dongting Lake, Yueyang Tower, the former site of Pingjiang Uprising, the former residence of Ren Bishi and other revolutionary memorial sites.

"South of the Five Mountains": Hengshan Mountain

Hengshan Mountain is one of the Five Mountains. Stretching 150 kilometers, known as the "five mountains unique", "civilization of the Olympic area" of the name. Hengshan **** has 72 peaks. Huiyan Peak in Hengyang City is the first peak from the south, and Qulushan near Changsha City is the last peak. Zhurong Peak is its highest peak. With an altitude of 1300.2 meters, the peak is survived by such monuments as Zhu Rong Hall, South Heavenly Gate, and Moon Watch Terrace. Nanyue is also the only famous mountain in China where Buddhism and Taoism coexist, with a long history of religious culture.

Wuling Mountain

Wuling Mountain is the watershed of the Yuan River and the main stream of the river. It is located in the northwest of Hunan and the border of Guizhou, Hubei and Hunan provinces. The main vein runs northeast-southwest from central Guizhou, between the Wujiang River and the Yuanjiang River. There are a series of folds and fractures in the Wuling Mountains, which are tilted upward from northwest to southeast due to the influence of the recent sharp uplift of a large area of the Guizhou Plateau in West E. The climate of the mountains is subtropical to warm. The climate of the mountains is of the transition type from subtropical to warm temperate, with cool summers and cold winters and moderate rainfall. The representative species of vegetation include Metasequoia, Yellow Fir, Iron Fir, Bashan Cephalotaxus, and Big Fruit Maple. The mountain forests are inhabited by bears, monkeys, clouded leopards, Sumen antelopes, yellow-bellied pheasants and many other animals.

Yueyang Tower

Fan Zhongyan (989~1052 A.D.), a famous writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote a monumental prose essay, "The Record of Yueyang Tower," which made Yueyang Tower famous at home and abroad. Located on the shore of Dongting Lake, Yueyang Tower is a treasure of ancient architecture in China. Since ancient times, it has the reputation of "Dongting world water, Yueyang world building". Yueyang Tower stands above the ancient city of Yueyang, with Yueyang City at its back, overlooking the Dongting Lake. It faces Junshan Island, depends on Yangtze River in the north and Xiangjiang River in the south. Ascending the tower and looking into the distance, there is a boundless blue sky and white sails. The clouds and waves, the weather.

Liuyang River

Liuyang River, also known as Liu Shui, Liu Wei River, is one of the small four water in east Hunan, 222 kilometers long, originated in Liuyang City, Hunan-Gananxi border of the Dawei Mountain area, the upper reaches are divided into the Daxi River and Xiaoxi River, the river twists and turns, and converge in the mouth of the Han River. Along the way, it flows through Liuyang city. In Changsha City, it flows into the Xiangjiang River. The source of the boulders towering, flying waterfalls straight down. The river water is crystal clear, and the scenery on both sides is beautiful, with many scenic spots such as Chessboard Mouth, Yuanyang Zhou, Baibu Beach, Liuhe Dam and so on.

Mawangdui Han Tomb

Mawangdui Han Tomb is a saddle-shaped mound, more than 10 meters high and about 30 meters in diameter. Three Western Han tombs are distributed on the mound. Tomb No. 1 is located in the east mound slightly north of the tomb of the wife of Li Cang, Tomb No. 2 is located in the west mound, is the tomb of Li Cang. Tomb No. 3 is located at the south end of Tomb No. 1 in the East Mound and is the tomb of Ricang's son. Among the three tombs, Tomb 1 is the largest, and Tomb 1 is 20 meters deep from the top of the tomb to the coffin room, and the structure is extremely complex. The shape of the female body inside the coffin is basically intact. Burial items include silk fabrics, lacquer ware, pottery, bamboo and wooden ware *** there are more than a thousand pieces. One of them covered in the inner coffin on a painted silk painting is China's existing more than 2,100 years ago, silk fabric painting treasures. The Mawangdui excavations are preserved in the Hunan Provincial Museum.

Shaoshan

Shaoshan is located 100 kilometers south of Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, because the mountainside every cloudy. Rise and rise. Such as cloud birth its place, so it is also known as the cloud door mountain. Shaoshan mountain range, forest and ravine beautiful. Mountain steep to complex, spring clean to long, lush forests and bamboo, cloudy air to and from, landscape show. Shaoshan scenic area including the former residence scenic area, Shaofeng scenic area, drip hole scenic area, clear stream scenic area, Milky Way scenic area, lion mountain scenic area, black stone fortress scenic area and other seven scenic spots. Late spring. Acacia flowers in full bloom, the mountain as clad in silver; in summer, broad-leaved forests cross branches to connect the ke, lush and green: the end of autumn. Mountain slopes color red like dye: winter. Pine forests in pieces, dappled dotted, adding the Shaoshan infinite vitality.

Zhangjiajie

People usually say Zhangjiajie refers to the core scenic area of Wulingyuan consisting of three major scenic spots: Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Suoxiyu Nature Reserve and Tianzishan Nature Reserve, with a total area of 264 square kilometers. Zhangjiajie National Forest Park is located in the south of Wulingyuan Scenic Spot. There are six small scenic excursion lines, including Golden Whip Stream, Yellow Lion Cottage, Pipa Stream, Waizi Cottage, She Dagger Gully and Yuan Jiajie. Has named more than 90 attractions.

Xiangjiang River

Xiangjiang River, also known as Xiangshui, is an important tributary of the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The main source of the Ocean River, the source of Guangxi Lingui County Ocean Ping Longmen boundary, in Quanzhou near the convergence of the irrigation river and Luo River, the north into Hunan Province, through 17 counties and cities, in Xiangyin Haohekou divided into the east and west of the two branches. To Lulintan and converge into the Dongting Lake. The total length of the main stream is 856 kilometers. The river basin covers an area of 94,600 square kilometers, and the height difference between the source and the mouth of the river is more than 460 meters.

Xiangxi Hanging Foot Towers

Most of the ethnic minorities in western Hunan live in places that are close to the mountains and face the water, so when building houses, they tend to make use of the sloping slopes of the mountains or the sides that are close to the water and ditches, so that the front half of the house hangs out of the air, which is the famous hanging foot towers in western Hunan. This kind of footstool is a kind of dry structure. It is simple, light and ancient, and has a deep origin with Chu or Ba architecture. The structure of the footstool is generally two-story: the upper floor for the living room or hospitality; the lower floor for food storage or storage of miscellaneous goods, and in the old days also used to keep livestock. The upper outdoor corridor, mostly for women's labor (embroidery, pick yarn, brocade) place. Or a place to watch flowers and the moon.

Yandi Mausoleum

Yandi Mausoleum is 6 meters high with a diameter of 27 meters at the bottom, and in the middle there is a tombstone from the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, which is engraved with "Tomb of Yandi Shennong". Tomb surrounded by red tomb wall, the wall covered with yellow glazed tiles, the tomb on both sides of a pair of stone lions. In front of the tomb another white jade stone monument. Above the monument is a relief carving of two dragons playing with pearls. In the center of the monument is also engraved with the words "Yandi Shenlong's Tomb". In front of the Mausoleum of Yandi is the Temple of Yandi. Along the central axis is distributed in turn with the noon gate, the ceremony pavilion, the main hall and other buildings, and on both sides of the monument room and so on. The existing Yandi Mausoleum and Yandi Temple were rebuilt in 1986 according to the original appearance.

Fenghuang Ancient City

Old city, old streets, alleys, riverside, Phoenix Ancient City is located in Hunan Province, 53 kilometers south of the city of Jishou, and still maintains the architectural style of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the rock slabs paved streets crisscrossed with ancient and simple elegance. Dongling Yinghui, Nanhua Jade, Mountain Temple Morning Bell, Longtan Fishing Fire, Strange Peaks, Orchid Trail Woodcutter's Song, Fange Huitao, Xibiao Night Moon, eight scenic spots create the aura of the mountain city and the color. Tuojiang River on both sides of more flying eaves and horns of the footstools. There are more than 100 ancient buildings in the city, such as Wenchang Pavilion, Temple of Heavenly Kings, Qifeng Temple, Dacheng Hall, Chaoyang Palace and so on. Fenghuang Ancient City was built in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, divided into the old and new towns, the old town is surrounded by mountains and water, and the shallow Tuojiang River passes through the city. Shen Congwen's former residence is located deep in the stone alleys of Zhongying Street in the ancient city. Fenghuang Ancient City is like an ink painting, from a stroke of ink can feel its charm.