The relationship between urban development, protection, history and culture and people's happiness

A city has been constantly evolving and developing from the moment it was born. The historical and cultural protection of the city is to restore and control historical blocks, historical buildings and traditional houses in the process of development, so in the process of urban evolution. Protection and development have become an inevitable contradiction. How to deal with the relationship between urban development and historical and cultural protection has become one of the important topics of urban protection and renewal. When dealing with the relationship between them, we should clearly realize that the contradiction between them is not a simple contradiction and conflict, but a dialectical contradiction that is both opposite and unified. By adopting positive measures and scientific and reasonable ways, the protection and development of urban history and culture can achieve a harmonious and unified dynamic balance.

2 Urban historical and cultural protection originates from urban development.

The development of this city has never stopped from the beginning. As Heraclitus said, "One cannot step into the same river twice", which is also true. It is impossible for a person to walk into the same city twice. It is precisely because the city is such a constantly changing and developing process. It makes it possible and necessary to protect the city's history and culture, and the historical and cultural environment of the city is produced in the traces of the city's past development. Imagine a city that is always static and has no time and space changes (although such a city cannot exist). There is no history, no historical and cultural environment to protect the emergence and evolution of cities. This is a dynamic and complicated process, and the city has experienced countless vicissitudes in this process. And every change shows that the development of the city is sustainable. Historical protection is the subjective expression of this continuity. That is, to ensure the continuity of culture and spirit in urban development through artificial means. So from this perspective. The historical and cultural protection of the city stems from the continuity of urban development.

3 urban historical and cultural protection is the need of urban development

Cities are the crystallization of material civilization and spiritual civilization of human society. It is both a process and a cultural phenomenon. Protect the historical and cultural environment with local characteristics and preserve the memory of street space. Maintaining the continuity of urban landscape in time and space is the need of the development of human civilization and the spiritual bond of people who have lived in cities for generations. Throughout history, we can find that the social structure and values of human beings cannot change as rapidly as the development of science and technology. The social, cultural and environmental aspects of the city need a certain degree of continuity. The historical protection of the city is "not only for the past" but for the present to respect the past. "Long-term memory will transcend the field of memory, form the unity and continuation of local spirit, and promote the formation and development of urban spirit.

The cultural heritage of a city is an irreplaceable social, cultural and economic resource. Resources can be divided into renewable and non-renewable categories, and the meaning of regeneration includes reproduction and recycling. The recycling of old buildings is conducive to reducing the use of resources and the discharge of residues. Improve the urban environment and protect the biosphere. That's why. Historical buildings and historical environment have also become potential resources that can be re-developed and reused.

In addition, energy is stored in old buildings and the environment. New buildings will disperse these materials and resources, resulting in material waste. And the old area was razed to the ground in the development. Old residents are generally on the verge of poverty and have to be placed in the marginal areas of distant cities, which increases the cost of urban infrastructure. At the same time, the energy consumption of new skyscrapers in situ is basically four times that of traditional buildings. Therefore, protect the historical and cultural environment and save energy and resources for the city from a macro perspective. The positive role of historical and cultural environment in tourism activities can not be ignored. Appropriate tourism development. Good city positioning and publicity can bring new vitality to the city.

There are generally two kinds of tourism resources to develop the historical environment: one is to hold activities, that is, to hold folk activities at specific times of the year according to ancient traditions. In order to attract tourists. There is also a historical and cultural environment to attract tourists to visit cultural relics and ancient buildings. Watch the regional scenery, understand the local customs and customs, and promote tourism.

The former is like a temple fair in old Beijing. Weifang Kite Festival, etc. Taking Ciqikou block in Chongqing as an example, Ciqikou Old Street in Chongqing keeps holding temple fairs by taking advantage of the historical conditions of the block. During the Spring Festival, it has become a good place for Chongqing tourists to travel, adding new tourism projects for urban people to celebrate the New Year. In addition, the folk music performance held by Ciqikou has also become a local feature, which is especially popular with foreign tourists.

A prominent example of the latter is Old Town of Lijiang. Before 1996, Old Town of Lijiang was caught in an unfavorable protection dilemma. Residential buildings are in disrepair. Large-scale ancient buildings have been reduced to government offices, and the development of the ancient city has fallen into a dead end. 1996. After the Lijiang earthquake. Government and private investment donated more than 400 million yuan for the restoration of the ancient city. Not only restored important ancient buildings. It also improved the historical environment and ancient blocks of the ancient city. Since then. Lijiang has become the hot spot of ancient town tourism in China and the center of tourist routes in Yunnan Province, and tourism economy has become the main source of local economy.

It can be seen that the protection of history and culture can promote the development of urban tourism and bring local economic benefits. In today's world, globalization has become a background that must be considered in the development of a country or region. It brings unprecedented opportunities to regional economic, social and cultural exchanges, but it also brings challenges.

From a cultural point of view. There is a trend of "convergence" in the development of culture, but this convergence does not mean every culture, which is often manifested in the fierce impact of weak culture on strong culture. In this process, only by strengthening local cultural characteristics and increasing the vitality of urban culture can we be invincible. Without a clear sense of historical and cultural protection, there is no development direction. Will appear passive and lose competitiveness.

4. Correctly balance the relationship between urban development and historical and cultural protection.

The three parts of urban protection, renewal and redevelopment are constantly changing and alternating. It is also a basic and continuous growth activity of the city. Good urban planning and design should achieve the balance of diversity and identity in the same era, so that cities can coordinate their lives. Organic growth. It is not appropriate to unilaterally encourage new forms of development at the expense of urban historical and cultural heritage, nor to overemphasize the protection of old buildings at the expense of urban comfort and innovation.

It has been nearly twenty years. Cities in our country are undergoing great changes. The soaring China is in a state of rapid development. However, in the process of development, the preservation of urban memory is often ignored. In order to pursue economic benefits, many places have completely demolished and rebuilt the original historical buildings and blocks, leading to the gradual loss of memory of the original cities with long history and rich characteristics. In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, people's needs have risen from the material level to a higher spiritual level. People gradually realize that the historical and cultural heritage of the city is a non-renewable resource in the city and the material basis for the continuation of urban spirit and traditional culture. More and more attention has been paid to the protection of historical and cultural heritage.

However, in a rapidly developing city, protecting the city's history and culture will inevitably face many difficulties. From past experience and successful examples abroad, we find that. Do a good job in the historical and cultural protection of the city in the process of urban development. The government, experts and the public must be involved. The government regulates urban development and the protection of urban history and culture through legislation, law enforcement and administration, and at the same time, through administrative means and compensation in different places, the local historical and cultural protection and renewal projects can achieve a benign economic operation. Professionals should improve their professional level and professional ethics, so that the protection of urban history and culture has technical support. And ensure that the protection work is completed rigorously and meticulously. Meanwhile. As the main body of urban housing. The public has the right to participate in the protection of urban history and culture, and to supervise the behavior of the government and experts through effective organizational means and provide extensive opinions. Judging from today's development, we also {_} want the sense of responsibility of real estate enterprises. In other words, enterprises should take the protection of urban historical and cultural resources as their own responsibility, and take the continuation of historical context, highlighting urban personality and maintaining urban texture as an important criterion to judge the success of a project. Only with the government's norms, expert technology, public participation and the responsibility of developers at the same time can we ensure that we will not lose our history and culture because of mistakes in development and do a good job in protecting our history and culture in development.

The formation of urban landscape in a historical stage is closely related to the social and cultural background and scientific and technological level at that time. Although some cities or regions have a short history. However, its emergence and development have the characteristics of the times. From the perspective of development, such a city also has the significance of historical and cultural protection. Historical and cultural protection should also have the concept of development, reflecting the characteristics of different times. For example, Shenzhen, which was born under the background of China's reform and opening up, has a short history, but its planning concept, urban function, spatial image and development speed all reflect the characteristics of the times of emerging cities under the situation of China's reform and opening up. Such a city may be an important representative in the century-old social and economic development history of China. Become a historic city with research value.

There are also some cities or regions that have different urban memories in different historical periods, and they should also use a developmental perspective in historical and cultural protection. Reflect the diversified characteristics of the times. For example, Garden Street in Harbin, although it was a Russian farmhouse-style block built during the semi-feudal and semi-colonial period in China, has been developing over time. In the changes of more than a century. The original block is not only a simple colonial building, but also houses built for the Red Army office before and after liberation, and even some red brick houses with Soviet architectural style built after liberation. These buildings retain the historical traces of each development period. The historical information of different stages is reproduced. In terms of planning, in addition to retaining Russian farm-style buildings. It is also necessary to transform and protect the buildings of other periods, so that the style of each stage can be reflected and the complete continuation of local memory and cultural diversity can be guaranteed.

"Historical and cultural protection" mainly refers to the protection of the existing beautiful urban environment, but it can be transformed, rebuilt or modernized under the condition of maintaining the original characteristics and scale. It can be seen that real protection itself needs to be coordinated with development. Its purpose is not to reproduce the old style that has passed away. But to protect the existing beautiful environment. Avoid inappropriate changes and destruction of attractive living places, prevent frequent and excessive changes in social life, and achieve social stability and sustainable development. Therefore, historical and cultural protection should be dynamic and comprehensive. Please do the following. Based on respect for the past, for the development of today and tomorrow.

(1) Active dynamic protection. Historical protection planning should be an integral part of the overall planning. In coordination with the overall development of the city, we should pay full attention to the protection of historical and cultural traditions in the overall planning and urban design, and maintain and carry forward the characteristics of the urban pattern, instead of treating the urban historical and cultural protection planning as a special planning focusing on the protection of cultural relics, scenic spots and their environment in a passive and static way.

(2) Comprehensive composite protection. It should be recognized that historical and cultural protection is not only to protect an ancient cultural relic in the city, but also to protect and utilize various positive factors in the economic, social and cultural structure of the city. Only by comprehensively analyzing the structure of the city, finding the objects worthy of protection and effectively protecting them can the potential economic benefits be brought into play and the long-term development of the city be facilitated.

(3) Avoid the disconnection between theory and practice. Theory divorced from practice. First, it means that the theory is not advanced and cannot adapt to the ever-changing urban development; Second, the theory failed to deeply study many problems in planning and construction; Third, planning and construction are well prepared. Once the basic theory can't guide practice, it will inevitably lead to the disconnection between protection planning and actual development and construction.