Exploration of the causes of job crime

Our scholars have been actively exploring the reasons for the overflow of job crime. So, what are the reasons for job-related crimes? The following I will explore the causes of job-related crimes for you!

In the light of the academic community has been based on research results, we put forward the following points of view on the causes of job-related crime:

One of the limitations of human nature and the duality of power: the deep-seated causes of job-related crime

Office-related crime is not a phenomenon peculiar to today's China. Throughout history, no country has been able to eradicate this stubborn disease, only the manifestations and severity are different. Even the so-called "model of democracy and the rule of law" of some Western countries, it is difficult to get rid of this "global gray plague" invasion. It can be said that job-related crime is a phenomenon that goes hand in hand with public **** power. Although each country or in the same country in different historical periods, the formation of the specific causes of corruption are not the same, but as a public **** power since the birth of a universal phenomenon in human society, there must be its **** the same, fundamental reasons. We believe that the limitations of human nature and the duality of power is precisely the origin of the crime of duty.

Human society universally exists public **** power, which is the basis for maintaining the orderly functioning of society. But so far, the public **** power can only be held and exercised by a few members of society, so that the public **** power itself has a kind of inherent contradiction, it on the one hand with the overall interests of the community contact, on the other hand, with the individual interests of the person in charge of the contact with the conflict between the two contacts is inevitable. And human nature is inherent weaknesses, although the proposition of human nature, good and evil thousands of years of controversy, but "no one is perfect," the reason can not be denied. Public **** power inherent contradictions coupled with the limitations of human nature, determines the power has a duality: on the one hand, the power has the tendency to benefit society; on the other hand, the power itself lurks in a certain degree of aggression and corrosiveness. When the expansion of power beyond a certain limit, that is, deviation from the public **** goal and public **** interests, the so-called "power alienation" phenomenon, job crime is essentially a power alienation. Although mankind has set up a variety of systems to prevent the alienation of power, but also achieved certain results, but as long as society exists in the public **** power and this power in the hands of individuals, power corruption and crime can not be extinct.

The second system of transition and social dislocation: the macro view of the causes of crime

Power and human nature determines the existence of crime in the workplace. But why in the late 20th century China will appear unprecedented corruption ***, while the first 30 years after the founding of the country relatively less corrupt behavior? Why is it that a socialist country like ours has a more serious corruption problem than some capitalist countries? Why *** to severely punish corruption has made strenuous and unremitting efforts, so far has not been able to reverse the momentum of the spread of the proliferation of job-related crime?

We believe that our country is currently in the system of transition and social transformation of a specific historical period, which is the formation of the peak of corruption of the macro view of the reasons. China in the early 1990s established the establishment of a socialist market economic system, the strategic goal of the market began to start, while the plan still has a residual power, thus forming the old and new two systems coexist in the situation, which also objectively to the power of corruption to bring unprecedented "opportunity". As someone said, now many corrupt people are "using the power of the planned economy to send the market economy of foreign wealth". [8] On the other hand, the relative lagging behind of the political system reform is an important reason to aggravate the problem of corruption. Since the reform and opening up, the power system towards "decentralization, loosening, give benefits" direction of reform, the past that the highly centralized power situation is gradually broken, which has positive significance for improving the efficiency of economic implementation, however, due to the corresponding supporting measures such as normative system, supervision mechanism, etc. did not keep up, resulting in the implementation of the power of However, because the corresponding supporting measures, such as the normative system and supervision mechanism, have not been followed up, the result is that the top-down restraint control in the implementation of power has been weakened, and the horizontal constraints on power and the bottom-up democratic supervision are not in place, thus leaving a lot of gaps and loopholes for the breeding of corruption. In addition, in the process of economic transition and social transformation, the original values and behavioral patterns have been seriously impacted, while the new values and behavioral patterns have not yet been universally accepted or are in the process of formation, social integration is reduced, the emergence of what sociologists refer to as the "state of social disorders", the proliferation of corruption is precisely a symptom of the state of social disorders. The first is to be a good example of this.

The lack of supervision and the omission of the legal network: the middle cause of job-related crimes

Power is essentially a force to dominate others, and it contains the tendency of unlimited expansion, so it is crucial to supervise and restrain the power. However, for quite a long time in the past, we lacked sufficient understanding of this issue and did not establish a sound and effective system of power checks and balances, resulting in a serious phenomenon of uncontrolled power. Although China has set up a number of power supervision institutions, such as the supervision of the National People's Congress, the supervision of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the supervision of the disciplinary inspection of the ruling party, the supervision of the *** internal supervision department and the supervision of the specialized procuratorate, and so on, the supervision of the number of institutions, in the world is rare, but because the system has not been straightened out, resulting in the supervision of the mechanism is not smooth, supervision of the effectiveness of the high, and in some places, even the supervision of the institutions in the form of a virtual virtual. Another manifestation of ineffective supervision is that the energy of public opinion supervision is far from being released. Public opinion monitoring, including media monitoring and public monitoring, is the most dynamic society is also the implementation of the lowest-cost form of supervision, many foreign corruption scandals are exposed by the media and public participation, such as Japan's "Rikuru Lute scandal", the United States of America's "Iran Gate incident "and so on. In our country, there is a saying circulating among the masses that corrupt officials "are not afraid of internal notification, but are afraid of being publicly reported", which fully illustrates the importance of public opinion supervision. A society that lacks public opinion supervision is very dangerous, as someone pointed out, "Such a society is undoubtedly a society with major defects that lacks an 'automatic balancing mechanism in the body' and a society that has lost its self-alarm system." [9]

The negligence of the legal network is also an important reason for the rampant job-related crimes. This is mainly manifested in two aspects:

One is the lack of integrity legal system. For example, the so-called "Sunshine Act" of public officials property declaration law has not yet been introduced, there is only a lack of authoritative and operational policy file, resulting in the declaration of property this important system has not really established. Others, such as the "Administrative Program Law", "Open Government Law", "Whistleblower Protection Law", etc., in our country's legal system of integrity are paid for. At the same time, the existing laws, legislation, sloppy, vague concepts, poor operability problems exist in large quantities, the quality of legislation is also to a certain extent constraints on the practice of anti-corruption.

The problem of lax law enforcement is quite serious. The perpetrators of job-related crimes are people with certain power in their hands, and such cases are often difficult to investigate and deal with. However, under the current system in China, the independence of the judiciary, the authority has not really set up, coupled with the low quality of some judicial personnel, resulting in a considerable number of criminals have not been duly sanctioned. In addition, some local party and government leaders have confused understanding, such as "corruption is conducive to economic development theory", "corruption does not hinder the theory of the overall situation", "anti-corruption affects the theory of political stability", etc., is also the cause of the failure to punish job-related crimes. Is an important reason for the failure to punish job-related crimes.

Four value mismatch and psychological imbalance: the microcosmic causes of job-related crime

The generation of job-related crime is both the impact of the external social environment and factors, but also with the subjective understanding of the perpetrator and mentality. Why in the largely the same social environment, some people can abide by the integrity, and some people but the degeneration of the sinking? This is precisely what the micro-causes are trying to reveal.

From the ideological roots, the breeding of crimes stemming from the misplaced values of the perpetrators. By the feudal society "official" thought and western society "personal supremacy", "gold worship" and other concepts of influence, at the same time, due to relaxation of their own ideological and moral cultivation, the actors in the Values on the individual and social dislocation, they take the self as the center of society, public **** power as a private privilege, personal interests over the interests of the state and the people, in the face of all kinds of temptations in the outside world, the value of the dislocation will inevitably lead to the actor's greed expansion and psychological imbalance. The specific manifestations of psychological imbalance are:

1. Loss compensation mentality. Some public officials see others get rich, they feel that their own losses, "I work hard for decades is not as good as others to engage in a year", thus giving rise to the use of power for personal gain, take advantage of the situation, "fishing" mentality.

2. Return on investment mentality. Some people see the power as "a million dollars" tool to get rich, through running for office, buy an official to a certain position, they can not wait to put the power as capital into the improper transactions to obtain huge returns.

3. The psychology of human feelings. Chinese traditional culture, humanism, "face culture" is y rooted, and humanization and the network of relationships can easily make people lose principle, many public officials is in the "common sense of man", "difficult to face "and other psychological drive and the loss of psychological defense.

4. For the public no over psychology. Some people in the mind there is "as long as the public, natural no fault" understanding, "I'm not for their own" to become a justified defense. In this psychological domination, they abuse their power to seek local interests and unit interests, disregard the fundamental interests of the state and the people.

5. The law is not responsible for the psychological. "The law is not responsible for the masses" consciousness in the traditional legal culture for a long time, it is to some extent for the corrupt elements to provide a psychological protection layer, but also objectively become a psychological obstacle to anti-corruption. At present, the "collective corruption" has become a new trend of job crime, the essence is that the perpetrators expect to spread the responsibility through collective decision-making in order to avoid punishment.

6. This is a more common psychological characteristics of corrupt people, the essence is a heart ***. As has been pointed out, if the consequences of the behavior to their own interests to be much higher than the evils of being punished, if similar behavior in his previous to avoid punishment are successful, will prompt criminals to implement a certain behavior. [10] in the job crime, the actor's authority status, backing and relationship and the covert nature of the means of operation, etc., is to strengthen its fluke psychology.