The core content of logistics management

The core content of logistics management

In order to establish a reasonable and efficient chain logistics system, let's dissect the logistics system first. The four cores of logistics system are: purchasing, warehousing, transportation and distribution. The following is the knowledge of the core content of logistics management that I brought to you. Welcome to reading.

0 1 purchase

Any enterprise can't do without purchasing, so can chain enterprises. Commodity procurement is the starting point of chain enterprises' business activities. The purchase of chain enterprises must be the purchase plan of the whole chain store. After the distribution center summarizes the procurement plans put forward by each chain store, it makes the procurement plan according to the requirements of the headquarters and the market supply situation, and purchases materials from the market in a unified way. For chain enterprises, the procurement link is a creative department, and the goods they operate need to be introduced through the procurement link to create benefits. At present, the status quo of many chain enterprises is that it is difficult to accurately grasp the commodity and procurement information of headquarters and subordinate supermarket chains, and often the sales are affected by insufficient inventory. Sometimes even because of the long purchase and transaction time, the goods are out of stock for a long time.

02 storage

Chain stores, like other stores, need to have goods that are sold all the year round and need to sell goods that are produced and sold in different periods. If the goods sold all the year round are purchased in the market by the distribution center after the chain stores send out the request for goods, it will inevitably increase the cost and purchasing expenses, and it will not be able to enjoy the bulk discount to the maximum extent. This requires the distribution center to purchase a large number of goods within the limits of ensuring the storage quality of goods, and directly dispatch and distribute them after the chain stores put forward the requirements for goods. For seasonal goods, the distribution center should also maintain a certain inventory to ensure the needs of different sales.

03 transportation

Due to the relatively scattered distribution and the large number of chain stores, it is impossible to equip enough vehicles due to traffic conditions or economic considerations. This requires that the distribution center can reasonably arrange the dispatching force according to the information of each store obtained by the computer network, and deliver the goods to each store in time to fully meet the sales requirements of each store.

04 delivery

As one of the basic functions of chain logistics, distribution plays a very important role. Practice has proved that the development of chain operation can not be separated from logistics distribution. Reasonable logistics distribution can realize unified procurement, unified distribution and unified price in chain operation. Whether a highly specialized and socialized logistics distribution center can be established is related to whether the scale benefit of chain operation can be brought into full play. The construction of distribution center is the focus of the whole logistics system, so it is necessary for us to elaborate it.

Large chain enterprises should attach importance to the construction of distribution centers, reasonably determine the scale of distribution centers according to their own operating conditions, and provide safe, reliable and efficient distribution systems. Actively develop socialized third-party logistics distribution centers, make full use of and integrate existing logistics resources, break industry boundaries and regional blockades through asset alliance, reorganization and professional transformation, and meet the business needs of chain enterprises.

To develop chain enterprises, we should speed up the construction of distribution centers. After many domestic chain enterprises develop to 30 ~ 40, it is logistics that restricts their development. If we speed up the investment in logistics and distribution, it will undoubtedly make China's chain enterprises tend to develop healthily. However, at present, the material basis of socialization in China is not very developed, and the distribution in chain enterprises is small in quantity and scale, while foreign countries are large logistics, large distribution centers and large radiation areas. For example, a distribution center of Wal-Mart has to manage 100 stores, with a radiation radius of 200 kilometers, and the area of a distribution center exceeds 654.38+10,000 square meters. It can be seen that strengthening the infrastructure construction of distribution centers is important for chain operation.

I. Self-built distribution center

This method is suitable for chain enterprises that have reached a certain scale. There is a proportional relationship between the distribution center and the store area. According to the development of chain industry in the world, when a convenience chain company has 20 stores with a total area of 4,000 square meters, it can consider building a distribution center. When a supermarket chain company has 10 stores with a total area of 5000 square meters, it is necessary to establish a distribution center. Considering the factors such as distribution income and distribution cost, the distribution center industry should have the corresponding distribution economic scale. Generally speaking, the judgment standard should be: the quantity discount and the income of accelerating capital turnover obtained by the expansion of branch size in the normal operation of distribution centers are enough to offset the cost of the construction of distribution centers and distribution facilities.

Some large chain companies have their own distribution centers. For example, Wal-Mart is the largest commercial chain company in the United States. It has 25 large distribution centers and 23,000 container trucks, and its Chicago distribution center has a construction area of 6,543,800 square meters, which can accommodate 654.38+ 068 container trucks for loading and unloading operations at the same time. In Japan, large retailers, such as Dai Rong, grapefruit and Ito Yokado, all have their own distribution centers.

The logistics distribution facilities in Europe and Germany are world-class, but their considerable logistics costs lead big retailers to hand over their logistics business to third-party professional distribution companies. At present, in the delivery business of major chain retailers in Europe, except for 30% delivered by retailers' own distribution centers, 665,438+0% is controlled by third-party professional distribution companies, that is, chain delivery activities are handed over to social logistics distribution centers.

B, socialized logistics distribution center

The distribution center invested by some large supermarket companies can successfully complete the commodity distribution task of this system. However, some small and medium-sized supermarket companies encounter many difficulties in capital, facilities and talents, and there are many problems in carrying out distribution business, such as lack of standardized operation, lack of standards for various codes (including commodity codes and transportation and packaging codes), lack of electronic scanning equipment for express mail selection, arrival sorting, assembly and distribution, commodity inventory and other operations, and lack of bar codes for transportation and distribution on the outer packaging of express mail, which directly affect the service level of enterprises.

With the progress of science and technology, the division of production is becoming more and more detailed, and many companies specializing in distribution tasks have appeared abroad. Some chain enterprises no longer build their own distribution centers, but rely on socialized distribution centers. Socialized distribution center is especially suitable for China.

(1) At present, the scale of domestic chain stores is generally small, and the income of self-built distribution centers can't realize the scale effect, which is not enough to compensate the construction cost.

(2) Because the relationship between the company undertaking the distribution task and the chain store is service and served, the service quality is directly related to the vital interests of the distribution center. Therefore, in the current situation of poor internal management ability of enterprises in China, it is beneficial to improve distribution efficiency and in turn promote the development of distribution industry to complete distribution tasks by full-time distribution centers. Many enterprises that used to only undertake single transportation and storage can use their own resources to carry out logistics and distribution services, so that social resources can be integrated.

(3) A large number of chain stores in China need a wide variety of goods in different batches, and the trend of multi-variety and small batch is becoming more and more obvious. If we still carry out distribution according to traditional channels and wholesale industries, it will not only increase logistics costs, but also make it difficult for chain stores to cope with the increasing number of distribution vehicles. It will greatly improve the efficiency of chain logistics distribution by mixing the goods delivered to various stores on a truck, which has important practical significance. Use the third-party logistics enterprises or socialized logistics distribution centers to transport a large number of scattered goods or commodities from chain stores in the same area in a centralized way, so as to maximize the efficiency of logistics resources such as personnel, materials, funds and time, realize intensification and save logistics costs.

Finally, it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of environmental protection and do a good job in waste logistics, such as recycling waste paper boxes, to give play to social effects.

;