What kind of flower is this?

Cymbidium hybridum is an evergreen perennial epiphytic herb. It is the floorboard of epiphytic species of Orchidaceae. Pseudobulb is thick, rectangular and slightly flat; There are 6 ~ 8 ribbon blades on it, which are 70 cm ~ 1 10 cm long and 2 cm ~ 3 cm wide. The flower stems are nearly erect or slightly curved, with a length of 60 cm ~ 90 cm and 6 ~ 12 or more flowers. Scapes range from 40 cm to 150 cm, and leaves are light green to dark green. Each pot has 3 to 5 standard flower stems, and each flower stem has 6 to 20 flowers. Among them, green varieties are mostly fragrant.

The flowers are large, with a diameter of 6 cm ~ 10 cm, and the colors are white, yellow, green, purplish red or with purple-brown stripes. It is one of the most widely cultivated orchids in China and is deeply loved by people all over the world. Division propagation method. I like warm, humid and semi-cloudy environment. Potted with fern root, moss, bark, etc. The rhizosphere ventilation and drainage are required to be particularly good. After the flower buds are formed in autumn, a cooling period is needed before flowering in spring. The temperature at night in winter is about 65438 00℃.

Popular varieties

Common cultivated varieties are: exclusive, cicada orchid, jasper orchid, Tibetan tiger orchid and a large number of hybrid varieties. The original commercial varieties of Cymbidium hybridum mainly came from Japan and Korea. In recent years, many domestic companies have begun to study variety breeding, tissue culture technology and cultivation technology.

At present, the main popular varieties are: pink series: imperial concubine, pink Monroe, Nancy, dream; Green series: Jasper, Phantom, Waltz, Yuchan.

Yellow series: sunset (perfume), bright moon and flying saucer.

White series: Glacier (Hanging), Dawn

classify

Orchids are traditionally divided into red shells, green shells, red-green shells and white-green shells according to the colors of flower stems and flower sheaths. Like Chunlan in flower shape, it is divided into lotus petals, plum petals and narcissus petals. There are no other colors on the flowers, and the same color is also called "Su Xin".

The appreciation of orchids has paid special attention to the petal shape of flowers since the theory of petal shape appeared. Plum petals and narcissus petals are the most expensive, the round thick tongue is the best, and the outer three petals (sepals) are the best. Most of its famous products are of this kind. There are few lotus petals in orchids. In recent years, lotus petals have been found, which is also very popular. Generally speaking, the leaves of cymbidium are like wormwood, and few people appreciate them except a few brightly colored flowers. In recent years, the butterfly petals and exotic flowers of Cymbidium hybridum are colorful and dazzling, especially those with many petals and bright tongue color are highly respected and bid high. Su Xin class is also very popular. Things are rare, because cymbidium is mostly yellow-green flowers, such as cymbidium with red flowers, purple flowers, black flowers and milky white flowers, which are also highly valued, and bright colors are better. Petals and calyx petals are thick, waxy and jade-like, which are often good products. There are many thick flowers in the branches of Cymbidium hybridum. When you appreciate them, you should also pay attention to whether the layout between flowers in the whole branch is patchy and mellow. Beautiful leaf art is also a good product, and occasionally leaf art, floral art and petal modeling are more popular.

Traditional famous products

There are eight traditional famous products in Huilan: Dayipin, Mei Cheng, Shanghai Mei, Guanding, Zi Yuan, Dyed Word, Fanqing and Dangzi; There are eight traditional new types: Loumei, Cuicalyx, Acura, Blue and White Plum, Jiangnan New Acura, Duanmei, Cuimei and Rongmei. Famous products of new varieties include Tianjiao Peony, Sixi Peony, Lv Yun Peony, Far East Butterfly, Lu Yi Butterfly, Loutai Butterfly, British Butterfly, Qunying Gathering, Xianhe Acura, Jianhu Beauty, Quanzhou Mei, Cui Taoxian Shou, Lion Butterfly, Lingnan White Crane, Admiralty, Cymbidium Crystal Flower, Zijuan, Wang Yuemei, Chrysanthemum Element and Duoyun.

Huilan famous products introduction

1. Level 1: Petal type: Da Lian-shaped green shell narcissus history: According to Lan Yan Shu lue, it was selected by Hu Shaomei in Jiashan, Zhejiang Province in Qing Dynasty; According to the record of Whelan Tongxin, it was selected by Hu Shaomei in the early years of Jiaqing. Features: The five petals are divided into nests, the color is blue, the petals are quite waxy, the big soft silkworm moth hugs and the big wishful tongue. It is regarded as the crown of lotus-shaped daffodil petals in orchids, ranking first among the eight traditional orchid species.

2. Xie Peimei: Petal type: History of red-shelled plum petals: selected by Shanghai Zhang in the early Republic of China. Features: three petals of green, short feet and round heads, tight edges, white jade holding the heart, big wishful tongue, slender scape. The flower bud is slightly smaller when it first opens, and then it grows bigger as it grows. The flower posture is quite strong, the leaves are narrow and narrow, and they are arched, which is fast in reproduction and healthy in flowers.

3. Plum Blossom: Petal Type: Petal History of Prunus mume with Red Shell: Seed Selection by Students in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. Features: the outer three petals are round, with tight edges, long feet, flat shoulders, semi-hard, large tongue, neat patterns and slender scape. The leaves are half hanging.

4. Fairy green: Petal type: History of green shell plum petals: selected by Yixing orchid artists in the early Republic of China. Alias Yixing plum, because the flower shape resembles the old Shanghai plum, it is also called post-Shanghai plum. Features: three-petal round head, long and narrow, divided into nests, claw pocket holding the heart, long tongue not rolling. People often sell old Shanghai plums like this. Bracts are green. Plum-shaped narcissus petals often open.

5. Old Acura: Petal Type: Blue-and-white Plum Blossom Petal History: The New and Ugly Year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, selected by Feng Changjin of Gongcheng Garden in Hangzhou. Features: three-petal round head, long feet with roots, points, hard pockets with hearts (sometimes split and folded back), long tongue, flat shoulders. Bracts are green. It is listed as eight new species of orchids.

6. Guanding: Petal Type: Red Shell Plum Blossom Petal History: It was selected by the owner of Wanhe Hotel in Huguan, Jiangsu Province in the Qing Dynasty, so it was Wanhe. Features: five petals short circle, bean shell embrace, split, big round tongue, flat shoulder. Broad leaves. It's one of the eight old red sticks.

7. Metaword: Petal Type: History of Red Shell Plum: selected by Hulan during the Qing Dynasty. Features: Three petals with round heads and long feet, tight edges, bluish green color, semi-hard grip on the heart, flat shoulders, thick and tall scape, one of the eight branches of the old red.

8. Old dyed characters: petal type: history of red shell plum petals: selected by Ruan family in Jiashan, Zhejiang Province during Daoguang period in Qing Dynasty. Also known as Nguyen. Features: the three petals are short, narrow and deep, with flat shoulders, big eyes, large and round tongue and sometimes flowering; The tip of the lip is uncomfortable, upturned or skewed, so it is commonly called hook head old dyeing. Scape is slender. It is one of the eight old orchids.

9. Cui Mei: Petal type: red to green shell plum petal history: Before the Anti-Japanese War, Cui Yiting of Hangzhou was elected. Features: the outer three petals are round and big, with thin roots, thick and waxy petals, semi-hard embrace, split or split back, and dragon swallowing tongue. The color is green and the shoulders are flat. It is listed as one of the eight new species, and it is also a famous product in cymbidium.

10. petal type: history of red plum petals: selected by Changshu, Jiangsu Province during the Qing Dynasty. Features: the three petals are short and round, with tight edges, folded back or held separately, long tongue, thick and high scape, and broad and arched leaves. It is the first of the eight old red sticks.

1 1. Zheng Xiaohe: Petal type: Petal history of green shell lotus: selected in Zhejiang before the Anti-Japanese War. Features: Three-petal long legs, horn roots, clam shell support, bangs tongue, green color.

12. Blue-and-white plum: Petal type: green-shelled plum petal history: 19 1 1 was selected by Lannong Che Qing in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and sold to Wu Enyuan in Hangzhou. After six years of practice, it is time to overthrow the Manchu dynasty. To celebrate, I remembered that Che Qing found this flower in Huaxing Hotel, so I contacted its owner and. Features: the three petals have short feet, round head, tight edges and thick petals, which are divided into silkworm moths and have large shoulders. It is listed as one of the eight new species of orchids.

13. Old Shanghai plum: Petal type: Petal history of green shell plum: selected by Li in the early years of Qing Jiaqing. One is called Old Shanghai Mei. Also known as former Shanghai Mei. Features: three petals with long feet and round head, semi-closed hard hug, small tongue, and blue shoulders. After flowering, the attached petals occasionally fold back. The leaves are half hanging. Scape is slender. Bracts are green. Be listed as one of the old eight species.

14. Jiangnan Xinjia: petal type: red plum petal history: 19 15. Qian Alu of Shaoxing took it to Yang's home in Wuxi. At that time, Yang entrusted Mr. Rong to check the flower buds and determined that they would bloom well in the future, which was later bought by Yang. Features: the flower shape is similar to that of the old best. Three-petal round head with roots, semi-hard pockets, long tongue, flat shoulders, slender scape, good charm and good color, is listed as one of the eight new species of Cymbidium.

15. Su: Produced in Wudang Mountain, 1996 was acquired by Shanghai Dai Xianniao and Shen Xinbao and named Wu.

16. Mingzhoumei: Also known as "Tianwanghui", Shen Qingfa, a friend of Ningbo, was found and selected in the middle grass of a farmhouse in Xianxiangshan during the Spring Festival in 2000. The flower is about 45cm high and 1, 2- 1. 5 cm, blunt and sharp leaves, magnificent shape. Pedicel base is blue, round and straight, about 4-5 mm thick and about 50 cm high. Petiole and integument are purplish red, without green, and centipede pinches its head. The flowers are very big, with a diameter of 6 cm. The three petals outside are short, wide, rooted, tight and round, forming an arched hug. The straight shoulder is also slightly flying, and the hard and soft sticks will not be removed for a long time. The tongue (root) can be supported on the lower side of the stick flap. The tongue flap is shaped like bangs, and it vomits without reversing. The length of the stick flap is not supported, and there is no red block on the back of the tongue. The nose is as small as a matchstick, and you can't see the nose core until the flowers wither. The flower number of this variety is generally small, 7-9 flowers are several times, but the overall layout is very organized, the flower spacing is sparse and equally divided, and the flowers are in all directions, which is enough for painting, and the overall momentum is magnificent and dignified.

[Edit this paragraph] Growth habit

As the ancients said, "Orchids give birth to yin, and benefits give birth to yang", so families should pay attention to solving the lighting problem and set up a similar ecological environment for orchids. Put the orchid pot in the southeast and sunny position, so that you can enjoy plenty of sunshine all year round. Except in summer and early autumn, sun-shading nets should be used to block sunlight around noon, and direct sunlight can be used in other seasons to enhance photosynthesis, accelerate the manufacture of nutrients and promote plant growth.

Biological properties

Cymbidium hybridum is native to the southwest of China. I like warm winter and cool summer climate, high humidity and strong light, and the suitable growth temperature is 10℃ to 25℃. The suitable temperature at night is about 10℃, especially in flowering period. If the temperature is kept above 5℃ and below 15℃, the flowering period can be extended to 4 ~ 5 months. The flowering period can be from 10 to April of the following year according to different varieties. It takes three years for industrial cultivation from tissue culture seedlings to flowering. Cymbidium hybridum can be divided into mother ball, daughter ball and sun ball, among which the sun ball grows fastest.

Cymbidium likes strong light and can withstand 50 thousand to 70 thousand lux of strong light. Cymbidium hybridum is native to tropical and subtropical plateau of Asia, and likes cool and high humidity environment. The suitable temperature for growth is 10-25℃. In winter, it should be placed in a low-temperature greenhouse, which lasts for a long time at night 10℃, and the flower stems are normal, generally flowering in February-March. When the temperature is lower than 5℃ in winter, the leaves are slightly yellow, the flowering period is delayed and the flower stems are shorter. However, when the overwintering temperature is around 15℃, the leaves of the plant are green and shiny, but the flower stems will suddenly lengthen, and the flowering will be advanced to 1-2 months. The flower stems are soft and cannot stand upright, so they must be supported by columns.

Grading standard: Different varieties, different characters and grading standards are different, but generally the following grading standards are followed:

Grade A: The plant height is 80 ~ 120cm, with 4 ~ 5 flower arrows, each arrow has 15 ~ 20 flowers.

Grade B: The plant height is 60-80cm, with 3-4 flower arrows, and each arrow has 10- 14 flowers.

Class C: Plant height is 40-50 cm, 1 2 flower arrows, 6-9 flowers per flower.

It can also be divided into big flower series (flower diameter 8 to 10 cm), middle flower series (6 to 8 cm) and small flower series (4 to 5 cm) according to the size of flower diameter.

[Edit this paragraph] Propagation and culture

Usually propagated by ramets. The division time is longer than after flowering and before new buds grow, which is carried out during this short dormant period. Before branching, it should be properly dried and operated when the roots are slightly white and soft. Healthy people generally divide plants every 2-3 years. After cutting, each cluster of Cymbidium hybridum seedlings should have 2-3 pseudobulb, of which 1 must be newly formed in the previous year. In order to avoid wound infection, sulfur powder or carbon powder can be coated. Put it in a dry place 1-2 days and then pot it separately to form new plants. Put it in the shade after planting, and don't water it immediately. If it is found to be too dry, a small amount of water can be sprayed on the leaf surface and basin surface to prevent the leaves from drying up, falling off and serious pseudobulb atrophy. Don't water the buds until they have new roots at the base.

Cymbidium hybridum can be potted with 2 parts of fern root, 1 part of carbon moss or bark blocks with a diameter of 1.5-2 cm, and some granular materials such as broken bricks and charcoal can also be added. The flowerpot should be tall, with a diameter of 15-20cm, and each pot should have 2-4 seedlings. Cymbidium likes high air humidity. In spring, summer and autumn, while giving enough water to the roots, we should always leave leaves and spray water. However, after flowering in early spring, Cymbidium hybridum has a short dormancy period, so it should be watered less and watered more when new buds grow into larger new roots.

Cymbidium hybridum plants are huge and flourish, which requires much more fertilizer than ordinary Cymbidium hybridum, so fertilization should be strengthened during the growing season. Generally, fermented cake fertilizer can be mixed with 1/3 clay, then added with water to make balls with a diameter of about 2 cm, and dried for later use. Put it on the surface of the pot in spring and keep a certain distance from the new buds, and the fertilizer can slowly release the nutrients for orchid growth. It can be applied twice a year, with several grains per pot, or fermented with liquid farmyard manure 1 times every 1-2 weeks, or it can be sprayed on leaves and pot surfaces with1:1:1compound fertilizer with a concentration of 3-5%. Stop gaining weight in late autumn.

Cymbidium hybridum is more resistant to pests and diseases than common orchids in China, but it is still attacked by various diseases to varying degrees during its growth. Therefore, strengthening prevention is an important measure to raise cymbidium. Generally, every 10 day, the diluted solution of chlorothalonil or carbendazim 1000 times is alternately sprayed on both sides of the leaves of Cymbidium hybridum.

Key points of cultivation

I. Planting cycle

Usually, it takes 3-4 years for tissue culture seedlings to bloom from the bottle, and its growth cycle standard is as follows:

Tissue culture seedlings were put into 50-hole or 66-hole trays after they were taken out of the bottle, and the substrate was water moss, and they were cultured for 2 months.

8×8 black nutrition bowl, with bark as matrix, cultured for 5 months.

12× 12 black nutrition bowl, with bark as matrix and stone as bottom cushion, cultured for 7 months.

15× 18 black nutrition bowl, with bark as matrix and stone as bottom cushion, cultured for 5 to 7 months.

18×22 hard plastic pot, with bark as the substrate and stones as the bottom cushion, cultured for 12 ~ 15 months.

Second, the culture conditions

1. temperature: the suitable temperature for growth is 10℃ to 30℃, but the high temperature resistance is higher than that of Phalaenopsis, and the temperature difference between day and night is preferably above 8℃.

2. illumination: the optimum illumination intensity for growth is 15000 ~ 40000 lux, and the maximum illumination intensity is preferably less than 70000 lux.

3. Air humidity: I like humidity very much, but I should pay attention to ventilation, or I will get anthrax easily. The humidity of small seedlings should be 80% to 90%, and the humidity of large and medium seedlings should be 60% to 85%.

4. Fertilizer and water: (1) The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilization growth period is1:1,the ratio in the accelerated flowering period is 1: 2: 2 to 3, and the pH value of the fertilizer solution is 5.8 to 6.2.

Generally speaking, the fertilization concentration is 3500-4000 times for young seedlings, 2000-3500 times for medium and large seedlings, and 1-2 times/day in summer (water and fertilizer are applied alternately), and fertilization is generally applied once every three days in other seasons.

Organic fertilizer: organic fertilizer should be applied once a month from the time the tissue culture seedlings come out of the bottle to the time before flowering. The ratio of bean cake to bone meal in the growing period is 2: 1, and pure bone meal should be applied in the flowering period. Organic fertilizer should not be applied to the roots, nor should it be higher than the nutrition bowl. If the salt content of bone meal is too high, it can be washed with clear water and then applied. It is best to stop applying organic fertilizer in winter. The number of applications in different periods is as follows:

50 holes /66 holes: 0.5g/ hole 8cm× 8cm nutrition bowl: 1 to 2g/ pot.

12cm× 12cm nutrition bowl: 7 to 9g/ pot.

15cm× 18cm nutrition bowl: 12 to 15g/ pot.

18cm× 22cm flowerpot: 15 to 20g/ pot.

Long-acting slow-release fertilizer: Long-acting slow-release fertilizer is also widely used in Cymbidium hybridum, usually in the mode of n: p: k =13:1:13, and the validity period is 3 months or 6 months. Slow-release fertilizers begin to release nutrients after 1 month, so it is necessary to ensure the fertilizer supply within 1 month. The dosage of long-acting slow-release fertilizer is generally 2 ~ 3g for young seedlings, 6g for middle seedlings and 0g for big seedlings18g.

(2) Water once a day in May and September, twice a day in July and August, and once every two to three days from 5438+00 in June to April of the following year. Watering should be carried out at noon, and the watering frequency should be adjusted at any time according to the size of seedlings and weather conditions.

5. Pests and diseases: (1) Fungal anthrax: It mostly occurs at the top of leaves, with dark brown edges and gray in the middle, which is mostly caused by high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation. The diseased spots should be cut off in time and sprayed with drugs. Commonly used chemicals are mancozeb 1000 times and kocide 1000 times.

Other fungal diseases are often controlled by the following chemicals: 1000 times chlorothalonil, 800 times reddif and 800 times metalaxyl.

(2) Bacterial diseases: Commonly used drugs are 6,000 times of agricultural streptomycin sulfate, 300ppm of agricultural streptomycin and 800 times of jinggangmycin. Soft rot will be more serious if continuous cropping and long-term cultivation are carried out This disease will not occur in the early stage of seedlings. Generally, in the third year, when the bud grows to 20 to 30 cm high, it is found that the bulb will suddenly rot, which will also happen in mountainous areas. At this time, it can only be completely destroyed, otherwise it will easily lead to the spread of diseases to healthy plants. If the surrounding environment is treated in time and drug control is carried out, the disease will be suppressed.

(3) Pests: The main pests are slug and spider mite, and the commonly used pesticides are slug buster (trapping) and triclosan mite. When the ventilation is poor from June to September, slugs occur seriously, mostly hiding in the back of leaves and harming the roots. During the prevention and control, lime can be sprinkled in the cracks of bricks and then sprayed with water, which can kill a large number of adults. At the same time, longevity mosaic and particle slug buster can be used to trap and kill them. Tetranychus urticae occurs on the back of leaves, and spraying pesticides should start from the back of leaves.

The commonly used pesticides for controlling other pests are: 2000 times of propargite, 6000 times of Fuxing, 2000 times of dimethoate and 3000 times of iprodione.

Remarks: In order to save manpower and material resources and achieve the best control effect, pesticides that do not react chemically can usually be used together. Please refer to the following combinations for details:

1200 times of third grade copper+1300 times of synergism +6000 times of agricultural streptomycin sulfate (used for preventing and treating fungal and bacterial diseases)

500 times carbendazim +800 times validamycin +2000 times chlorfenapyr (for seedlings, against fungi, bacteria and mites)

1000 times of kocide (effective for bacterial diseases and fungi)

300ppm agricultural streptomycin +8000 times Fuxing (for bacteria and pests)

800 times chlorothalonil +2000 times shuimycin (for fungi and bacteria)

Wanxing 4000 times+Jinggangmycin 800 times (for slugs and bacteria)

1200 times of shuimycin +800 times of thiophanate-methyl (for bacteria and fungi)

800 times thiophanate methyl ++300ppm agricultural streptomycin (for fungi and bacteria)

Protection is 800 times easier (for fungi and bacteria)

1000 times chlorothalonil+1000 times kocide (for fungal diseases)

500 times carbendazim +800 times metalaxyl (for seedlings, for fungal diseases)

800 times metalaxyl+1600 times benomyl+1300 times benomyl (for fungi and slugs)

Fuxing 6000 times (for insecticidal purposes), Fuxing 8000 times+chlorothalonil 800 times (for insect pests and fungal diseases)

800 times of thiabendazole +800 times of thiophanate methyl +2000 times of imidacloprid (for viruses, fungi and mites)

300 times of polyoxin+1875 times of semi-latent net (for seedlings, bacterial diseases and liriomyza sativae).

2000 times of killing enemy +800 times of metalaxyl (for slugs and fungal diseases)

100ppm gibberellin (promoting growth) 800 times metalaxyl +800 times Gramoxone (used for leaf disinfection)

1500 times of enemy killing+2,000 times of dichlorvos+2,000 times of dimethoate (slug control)

Aifuding 3000 times (used to control Laodelphax striatellus and mites, the effective ingredient is avermectin).

Trisodium phosphate (effective against virus)

6. Application technology of dwarfing agent: It is most suitable when the leaves of Cymbidium hybridum are 50 ~ 60cm long, and if dwarfing agent is not used, the leaves are 70 ~ 80cm long. In Japan, in order to improve production efficiency and reduce unit area, paclobutrazol (PP333) is generally used to shorten the length of leaves. Specific watering method: when the leaves grow to 30 to 40 cm, the application of dwarfing technology has the best effect. It should be irrigated with 10ppm to 30ppm paclobutrazol from February to March. Special varieties may need to be treated twice, and most varieties can be treated with 1 time. In this way, the growth of leaves can be inhibited by about 10 cm, the flowers are higher than leaves by 10 ~ 20cm, and the flower stems will be reduced accordingly, so that the proportion of flowers will be large, the sense of balance will be strong and the ornamental effect will be better.

7. Conditions for forcing flowers: Fertilizer, light and temperature are the key factors for forcing flowers, and the time for forcing flowers is from June of the third year to 10. Organic fertilizer should use pure bone meal, and inorganic fertilizer should increase the proportion of potassium fertilizer. The light intensity should be greater than 15000 lux, and the temperature difference between day and night should be greater than 10℃.

cultivation techniques

1.: The 50-hole tray is water moss, which needs to be soaked with thiophanate methyl, thiophanate methyl or carbendazim 800 to 1000 times for 2 to 4 hours. The old water moss can also be soaked in the afternoon of 1 2. Tissue culture rooting seedlings: take a bottle and exercise in the greenhouse for 1-3 days, and temper the seedlings in the shade in summer. Before sowing, take the seedlings out of the tissue culture bottle, remove the culture medium, wash them with clean water, then wash them with 800 times carbendazim solution, pack the seedlings into three grades, use 50-hole trays, spray fertilizer on the leaves half a month after sowing, and after sowing, the EC value is 0.8-0.9. When the plug seedlings are cultured for 2 ~ 3 months, they can be put into 8×8 nutrition pots. At this time, fine bark can be used as substrate. The application standard of bark is: 2 to 5 mm bark for seedlings, 5 to 18 mm bark for middle seedlings and 8 to 18mm bark for big seedlings. Bark must be bought with low salt content. If the bark contains a lot of salt, it will cause many symptoms of Cymbidium hybridum: it will gradually turn yellow from the tip of the leaf, mainly because of sodium chloride, but the same symptoms are also caused by excessive fertilization.

2. Bud thinning: In 8×8 and 12× 12 nutrient pots, only spring buds are left, and no autumn buds are left (September to 12 is the best time for bud thinning). The best effect is to prune the buds, with two buds in each pot, which is most suitable for bud thinning when the buds are 5 cm long. The lateral buds are rootless before 15 cm, and begin to take root after 15 cm. Different varieties use different ways to keep buds.

3. Seedling: nutrition pot 15cm× 18cm and 18cm× 22cm. At this stage, the seedlings are applied with organic fertilizer 15g/ pot every month, and the pot is changed from 18 to 20g/ pot every month as the seedlings grow. Medium-sized flowers: 2 middle stems and 3 flower stems can be cultivated.

4. Cultivation of flowering plants: in the third year1~ June, the night temperature 15℃~ 20℃, and the daily temperature (23℃~ 25℃), mainly nitrogen, supplemented by potassium. June to 10, night temperature 10℃ to 15℃, daily temperature 20℃ to 25℃; After 1 1 month, the night temperature 10℃ to 15℃, and the daily temperature is 20℃. From February to April, apply organic fertilizer 10g/ pot every month (bean cake: bone meal 2: 1), and apply organic fertilizer 14g/ pot every time after April. Increase the temperature difference in June to 10, and mainly apply bone powder, each pot is about 15g. When buds appear, stop applying organic fertilizer immediately. After 1 10, the spike was formed. After the flower arrow is determined, all the new buds are erased. Most varieties can see flower buds from the end of September to 10. If the nitrogen fertilizer is too nutritious, the leaf buds will break. The lowest point of the pierced arrow is 10 cm, with an interval of 6 to 8 cm. Generally, 80 cm and 100 cm long and 0.45 cm thick sheathed iron wires are selected.

5. Flowering air conditioning technology:

(1) Temperature: June to1October, 20℃ to 25℃ during the day, and 10℃ to 15℃ at night. High temperature is not conducive to flower bud differentiation, but it can be high for a short time, and the temperature difference between day and night must be large.

(2) Illumination: Strong illumination can improve the flower formation rate, but too strong illumination will lead to the death of young flower buds.

(3) Water control: Proper water control during flower bud development can promote flower bud differentiation and inflorescence formation.

(4)C/N ratio: germinate all year round and improve the P/K ratio.

(5) Selective fertilization:1~ June, balanced fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; 6 to 10 increase the ratio of phosphorus to potassium.

(6) Flowers of Cymbidium hybridum: Lack of nutrition at flowering stage or high temperature or temperature difference greater than 10℃ may easily lead to falling flowers and thunder. Dark flowers like strong light, and drooping leaves are easy to appear in weak light.

(7) Flower forcing in mountainous areas above 1000 meters above sea level: basically no protective measures (such as rain protection) are needed in summer, only a layer of sunshade net is needed. At high temperature, Cymbidium hybridum needs a lot of water and plenty of water.

6. Flowering mechanism of Cymbidium hybridum;

(1) Growth and flowering habit: Bulb 1 has no axillary buds at the base of node 2, and usually the flower stems are pulled out at node 2-4. The germination of buds is mainly controlled by temperature, and it usually takes 8 ~ 12 months for new buds to germinate until the end of pseudobulb hypertrophy. Long sunshine, high temperature, high light intensity and high fertilizer can promote the growth of new buds, but high temperature and high fertilizer will affect the bulb expansion. After June, plant height elongation will slowly stop and flower buds will begin to form. The inflorescence will expand from the top of axillary bud, and the inflorescence differentiation will be completed after 2 months. After the inflorescence differentiation is completed, if the temperature is controlled at about 65438 05 degrees, it will develop smoothly until the flower stems are elongated and bloom, and the early-growing varieties are 9 ~ 6545.

(2) Correlation between flower bud formation and light conditions: inflorescence will not be formed under short-day conditions with poor growth of new stems, and the light is strong: leaves are short, bulbs are large and full, and there are many flower buds. However, the flower bud differentiation period and flower quality are not affected by light intensity.

(3) Correlation between flower bud differentiation and flowering and temperature conditions: 20℃~ 25℃ during the day and 65438 00℃ ~ 65438 05℃ at night are the best temperatures for flower bud differentiation and formation. When the temperature is too high, pollen formation is blocked and the whole inflorescence dies. Generally speaking, the temperature of flower stem elongation and flowering is about 65438 05℃. If it is above 30℃ during the day and above 20℃ at night, it will affect inflorescence formation. After 60 days of high temperature, the inflorescence development will all stop. Inflorescences above 3 cm are more susceptible to high temperature than inflorescences below 3 cm. The differentiation of flower buds depends on whether the leaves of new buds stop growing and whether the bulbs swell.

Matters needing attention

1. Transportation temperature of Cymbidium hybridum: ensure above 5℃. If the bracts and leaves turn yellow, it may be freezing injury.

2. Standard for imported Cymbidium hybridum: Cymbidium hybridum imported from Japan and South Korea generally requires a plant height of 60-80cm, each arrow 15-20, 3-5 arrows in each pot, the flowering degree of each arrow is 50%-80%, and the height difference of flowers and arrows between pots is less than 5cm.

3. Flowering maintenance of Cymbidium hybridum: The optimum flowering temperature is 8℃ to 15℃, and it should not be placed beside high temperature and dry heat. Water is poured every three days during the flowering period, and the flowers will be frozen at a low temperature of 2℃ to 3℃ for a long time, and the buds will turn yellow and will not bloom. The viewing period is 50 to 80 days.

disease management

There are several situations in which the yellow leaves of Cymbidium hybridum are scorched:

1. Improper watering. Although Cymbidium hybridum likes humidity, it is more tolerant to mild drought because of its strong soil moisture retention ability and fleshy roots. Therefore, it is recommended not to water too much and too often, but to water with water close to room temperature. Don't use fertilizer during flowering, and then use fertilizer after flowering, otherwise the flowering period will be shortened and fertilizer damage will occur due to improper use of fertilizer. According to the room temperature, you can know the number of days between watering. When watering, pour slowly, don't pour.

2. Potted substrates contain easily decomposed organic matter. Flowers such as cymbidium sold in the market now have been replaced by beautiful and noble porcelain pots. However, in the process of changing pots, some merchants add some flower soil to the pots because the pots are relatively large, but some flower soil is not decomposed. When it is sold in a pot, the heat energy released by organic matter fermentation will cause harm to flowers. The root system is burnt, resulting in yellow leaves or death of plants. It is suggested to carefully check the soil in the flowerpot to ensure the healthy growth of flowers.

3. Cold air intrusion. Cymbidium hybridum is cold-tolerant, but the low temperature is unbearable. On the way home, you may be attacked by cold air, which will do harm to leaves or flowers. It didn't show up at that time, and it took a few days to show symptoms slowly. This kind of damaged flowers can only be cut and conditioned slowly, but generally it will not kill.

4. The small environment is uncomfortable. Cymbidium hybridum is a flower that likes high air humidity. If the indoor air humidity is low and the temperature is high, it is easy to have yellow leaf burning. You can spray water several times a day to increase the humidity of the small environment. In addition, there may be a small dry environment such as air conditioning blowing directly or close to heating, and it is also prone to yellow leaf scorching. In this case, just adjust it. But it's already yellow, so the leaves can only be cut off.

5. The light is not good. Orchids like light, but they are afraid of direct light. Generally, it is better to scatter light. Too weak light will also cause its poor growth and cause some diseases. Indoor appreciation generally depends on the indoor location to determine the placement of flowers, but at this time, we should also pay attention to whether flowers adapt to the small environment of this location. China on both sides of the Taiwan Province Strait is also an orchid.

[Edit this paragraph] Orchid culture