What is the folk dance of Dai people?

What is the folk dance of Dai people? China is a multi-ethnic country, and each ethnic group has its own unique culture. As a special cultural phenomenon, dance is not limited by language, so do you know what Dai folk dance is?

What is the folk dance of Dai people? 1 Dai dance is a characteristic dance for Dai people to express their feelings.

Dai dance can be divided into self-entertainment dance, performance dance, sacrificial dance, martial arts dance and other categories, most of which are graceful, slow-paced, and some are light and clear.

One: peacock dance

Dai language is called "Jialuoyong", "Fanluoyong" or "Galanluo". This is the most popular dance of the Dai people, which is popular in the Dai settlements. The rich and beautiful Dai nationality township is known as the "hometown of peacocks". In the past, peacocks danced with charming gestures whenever the dawn or sunset shone obliquely. Therefore, peacocks are symbols of auspiciousness, happiness, beauty and kindness in the minds of Dai people. During the festival, Dai people gather to watch peacock dance and folk artists perform peacock dance according to folk stories, myths and legends and Buddhist stories. For example, peacock dance, based on the fairy tale The Devil and the Peacock, is widely circulated among the people. The dance shows that the devil wants to occupy the peacock as his wife, and the peacock with a human face is struggling to shake its beautiful feathers. The brilliant light blinded the devil brothers and the peacock won.

Two: Elephant Foot Drum Dance

Dai language is called "Guang Jia" or "Fanguang" (Dai language calls drums "light" and dances "Jia"). "Guang Jia" is the most popular male dance in Dai areas. Whenever seedlings are sown and the harvest season is over, elephant-foot drums will be performed to celebrate. The elephant foot drum is not only a prop of folk dance, but also a main instrument to accompany other dances. Dai entertainment, dancing must have drums, drums must have dancing. Only with the accompaniment of the elephant foot drum can the dance be colorful and hearty.

Three: Dance with the light.

"Ending with light" means that everyone dances around the drum. It is the most popular and popular group dance of Dai people. Unlimited place and time. Dozens or hundreds of people can dance in a circle clockwise and dance all night during the festival.

The dance is simple and enthusiastic, with outstanding features. Women's knees vibrate more evenly and dance more smoothly. Generally speaking, the main steps are "step", "up and down", "step by step" and "lunge". Hand movements are relatively simple. Generally, the hand is a natural hand, and the wrist is alternately wound down or the hand is pulled up from the armpit.

Four: Double encouragement

The Dai language is called "Guangbang", "Liang Guang", "Guangshuangla", "Hong Guang" and "Guangmengyang", which is the oldest inspiration of the Dai people. This kind of drum is big at one end and small at the other, with leather on both sides. The small double-sided drum is about one and a half feet long and can be hung horizontally on the body. When dancing, the right hand drums with the palm of your hand and the left hand drums with bamboo pieces. The movements are ups and downs, and dances such as squats are often used, and the three-way bending shape is more prominent. Large double-sided drum basket rice, diameter 67 cm. It takes two people to lift it with bamboo poles, and the dancer swings his mallet with both hands, turns like a cloud hand, sucks his legs, kneels and squats, and drums. Some drums are played on the ground, and the drums are very powerful. People form a circle and sing and dance with flowers or handkerchiefs, which is similar to the performance form of light dance.

What is the folk dance of Dai people? Dai people in Xishuangbanna call dance "fan". Folk dances include: Fan Nuo, Fan Guanghan, Fan Guang, Ha Fan and Zheng Fan.

Fanwannuo, literally translated as the princess dance of birds, is characterized by imitating the movements of birds. This kind of dance takes molds with some bird feathers as props, and allows dancers to dance with molds, drums and cymbals as accompaniment. Wannuo includes peacock dance, Egret Dance and Turtledove Dance, among which peacock dance is the most popular and influential. Peacock dance uses beautiful peacock wings, tail feathers and birds as props, and dancers wear molds to simulate peacock's actions such as spreading wings, turning around, swinging tail, opening screen and jumping. After refining and processing by professional dancers, it has become an exquisite stage art and is deeply loved by the audience.

Fan Guanghan, literally translated as Golden Deer Dance, is an animal dance performed with deer models as props. You can jump alone or in groups. This kind of dance that imitates the action of wild animals also includes lion dance and elephant dance. Its dance style is beautiful and peculiar, and it is deeply loved by the masses.

Every lamp is translated into encouragement. Dancers use drums as props, dance with drums or drums, and accompany themselves. Encouragement is a kind of mass dance, which is limited to male performances and widely circulated among the people. Common encouragement methods include horn honking, elephant foot drum dancing and big encouragement. Ga Guang Drum Dance is a self-entertaining group dance. Dancers form a circle, move their feet according to the drums, squat or jump their legs, bend or stretch their wrists, and shout from time to time. The atmosphere is very lively. Elephant-foot drum dance, in which one or more people play and jump while carrying drums, accompanied by squatting, kicking, kicking and sweeping. Great encouragement, mainly performed by monks in Buddhist temples. The rhythm of encouragement is sonorous and bright, and the movements are both rigid and flexible.

Zheng Fan, literally translated as martial arts dance, is a dance compatible with martial arts. Including boxing dance, stick dance, knife dance and so on. Performances are often accompanied by percussion instruments such as drums, cymbals and cymbals. The performer's pace and rhythm should be coordinated with the drums, which has the characteristics of entertainment and self-defense.

In addition to the above-mentioned dances with unified names, there are also some folk dances that reflect production, life and customs, such as hat dance, fan dance, garland dance, stick dance, wax strip dance and lotus dance. Dance movements show some aspects of Dai life, which has a strong flavor of life.

What is the folk dance of Dai people? 3. Regional cultural characteristics

Dai people live in Pingba area and beside rivers, with an average elevation of 500 ~ 1000 meters, where the scenery is beautiful and the land is fertile, suitable for crop growth. According to historical records, about 2000 years ago, the ancestors of Dai people entered the farming period of "building houses and villages, settling down and planting melons", and they were one of the earliest ethnic groups that planted rice in China. Dai people have lived in a stable and well-fed environment for a long time, so people have a fresh, elegant, peaceful and kind national psychology.

More than a thousand years ago, Hinayana Buddhism was introduced and became the national belief of the Dai people, which had a far-reaching and tremendous impact on the political, economic and cultural thoughts of the Dai society. Different from Mahayana Buddhism, Hinayana Buddhism only advocates "self-liberation, self-salvation, accumulation of goodness, cultivation of the afterlife, and ultimately nirvana". Therefore, its dance style is not as broad and magnificent as Mahayana Buddhism, but gentle and beautiful, blending with beautiful mountains and rivers. For example, "wax dance" is a ritual dance performed by women. Dancers hold a candle in each hand and dance with drums, cymbals and other musical instruments. The main action is to circle your hands inward or outward, or squat or kneel, forming various "three bends" dances, which are very feminine. Sometimes it flows slowly, and the candlelight flickers with the change of dance, creating a dignified, elegant, quiet, peaceful, pious and mysterious atmosphere. In Buddhism, cigarettes and candles symbolize light, so dancing means praying and wishing. I hope that through this dance ceremony, I can seek the blessing of the Buddha, let myself transcend and sublimate in the light. Another example is peacock dance, which is widely circulated. It is also adapted from the story of peacock Wang Ming in Buddhist scriptures. Dancers wear white clothes, garlands, lotus flowers and golden peacocks. These white clothes, lotus flowers and golden peacocks are auspicious things blessed by the Buddha and also a portrayal of national aesthetic psychology. Another example is the lion dance and elephant dance, all of which originated from Buddhist scriptures and formed fixed performances. This phenomenon of "Buddha dancing" is also a major feature of Dai dance style.

Second, the characteristics of water culture and subtropical customs

(A) the causes of subtropical Dai folk dance customs

Dai people mostly live in the valley Pingba area surrounded by mountains, where the land is fertile, the mountains and rivers are beautiful and the seasons are evergreen. For example, Dai villages in Dehong and Xishuangbanna are surrounded by rivers, and there are towering coconut trees and banana forests everywhere. People live in the bamboo house in Ganlan, surrounded by bamboo streams, quiet and quiet, which is an idyllic scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. Influenced and nourished by this unique natural environment, the Dai people are gentle and kind, and folk dances are full of subtropical customs.

1, quiet and soothing rhythm

The peaceful and soothing rhythm of Dai folk dance comes from their working and living environment and traditional aesthetic taste. Dai people live in the subtropical zone with hot climate. People naturally like shade and water, like the bright moon and stars, and the pace of work and life should not be too intense. After work, they came back clean, and everyone danced freely to the slow-paced drums. The Dai people, who are famous for their cleanliness, love of beauty and good at singing and dancing, have therefore turned the purity of water and the softness of water waves into their peaceful and soothing dance rhythm. In addition, people live in the subtropical zone and get along with animals, so the artistic sublimation of these rare birds and animals is naturally integrated into dance, making it a dynamic cultural factor.

Dai people have retained the concepts of primitive worship and animism to varying degrees, as well as the idea of "harmony between man and nature" in farming culture, which makes them feel close to nature and harmonious between people. After the introduction of Hinayana Buddhism, the Ministry of Education advocated that "I am the only good", and the accumulation of virtue and kindness taking Buddhism as an example, combined with the original traditional concepts, formed the Dai people's peaceful and kind character and unique aesthetic psychology, which merged into a peaceful and soothing rhythm, running through dance movements and performances.

In the dynamic image of Dai folk dance, dancers mostly keep a semi-squat dance posture, clap their hands and squat down, and with a unified rhythm, their knees bend and stretch to drive their bodies to jump up and down and swing left and right; Steps such as stepping or stamping seem to focus on falling, but in fact there are heavy and light steps, and the whole foot touches the ground smoothly. In this even dance rhythm, there are graceful and gentle dances of peacocks, gentle and steady gait of elephants walking in the forest, and harmonious accompaniment of musical instruments such as elephant feet drums and cymbals, such as rivers and streams, which are pleasing to the eye and refreshing. Smooth drum rhythm, continuous music and even dance rhythm echo each other, enhancing the peaceful atmosphere and tropical customs.

2. Dance styles of "Three Bends" and "One Side"

The traditional aesthetic psychology of Dai people is also reflected in dance modeling.

The "three bends" and the bending of the arm joints in Dai dance originated from the "snake and bird totem worship" of ancient Baiyue people and their deep feelings for water. From the bird totem of the ancient Yue people to the peacock worship of the Dai people today, it is the development of national life and national psychology for thousands of years. Peacock's natural form also has the characteristics of "three bends". Dai people made peacock dance's artistic creation through careful observation of peacocks, and later incorporated religious factors. The beauty of "Yi Shun Bian" in Dai dance comes from the working life in plateau area, and the hands and feet are on the same side, forming the characteristic of "Yi Shun Bian". Although Dai people live on the flat dam between valleys, the dynamic characteristics of mountainous areas are also reflected in people's working life, especially women, whose gait and shape are "following" when carrying water, valleys and fields. As a dance style, "Yi Shun Bian" is also related to aesthetic taste. The combination of "three bends" and "one side" is a dance style with Dai characteristics.

3. Dance with subtropical customs

Dai folk dances are full of subtropical customs, such as peacock dance, Elephant Foot Drum Dance, Ga Guang, Yila River and Ga Dian.

(B) the causes of water cultural characteristics

Water is the source of life, nourishing everything, diligent in washing and beneficial to health. Love the water, a Dai, is diligent in washing, which is one of the characteristics of water culture. When people come back from work, they wash their hands before eating. On the well in the village, there are exquisite and beautiful tower-shaped buildings and manhole covers to keep the water source clean. This custom is a continuation of the ancient infant custom. Babies originated from the custom related to "March 3rd". Later, although the date may not be on this day because of regional and ethnic differences, or the content has nothing to do with water, the Songkran Festival is an annual festival to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Although its form is combined with the religious activities of the "Buddha Bathing Festival", it bathes and changes clothes, splashing water on each other. In festivals with ancient styles, the dances performed by people also have the characteristics of water culture.

Third, animal dance and totem worship.

In the subtropical jungle, there are often rare birds and animals. Such as peacocks, red deer, monkeys, elephants, fish, butterflies and other animals, are the most common good partners of Dai ancestors during the primitive hunting period. People observe their species, shapes and habits. Over time, these animals left a deep impression on their minds. When they come back from hunting and catch happily, they can't help dancing. The jumping action is naturally the animal images and their postures printed in their minds. Unconsciously reappearing the simple actions of these animals has gradually become their way of expressing satisfaction, joy and other emotions. With the expansion of their knowledge, they can imitate more complicated gestures of animals, resulting in early dances such as peacock dance, Red Deer Dance, Monkey Dance, Fish Dance and Butterfly Dance.

Take elephant dance as an example. The Dai area has a hot climate and dense forests. It was called "Elephant Country" in ancient times, and elephants still haunt here. People have a good impression on objects, stick to each other with their palms, shake back and forth, and imitate the movements of elephant noses. As long as the Dai people dance, they use the little elephant foot drum as accompaniment, and the little elephant foot drum dances flexibly. The basic content of dance is fighting drums and competing drums. In fights and competitions, we should attack, retreat and dodge flexibly and tactfully, and finally grab the other party's Baotou or hat to win. As long as there are festivals, harvest celebrations, large-scale ceremonies or dances, elephant-foot drums will be played. As soon as Dai people hear the drums, they will come from all directions and dance with them.

In addition, the Dai people's love and reverence for peacocks has a certain national totem worship nature. This has had an important influence on the formation of Dai dance style. Dai people are a peace-loving people. It is said that "Dai" means peace, and Dai is a peaceful nation. They regard the beautiful and kind peacock as a symbol of auspiciousness, happiness, purity and peace, and place their feelings on the peacock as a symbol of their own nation. Dai people love and worship peacocks. While praising peacocks, they are also praising their own nation. Peacock dance represents the highest level of Dai dance and is an important part of Dai dance style.

Fourthly, the influence of artists and artists on Dai dance style.

When it comes to the style of Dai dance, we have to mention the famous Dai dance artist Yang li Ping. She played a very important role in the promotion and development of Dai dance.

Literature and art should keep up with the times. Today's national public opinion dance works are recreated on the basis of inheriting national traditions according to the needs of the times. Bai dancers get rid of the superficial description in Sparrow Spirit, and integrate their creative intention, implication and formal beauty. In the intriguing formal beauty, people seem to see a pure, noble and elegant spirit wandering in the forest and by the stream, so magnanimous, noble and charming. When she performed the dance "Sparrow's Genie", every skin seemed to be singing a poem and telling a beautiful story. Her hands, even the joints of each finger, can interpret extremely exquisite dance poems, giving off incredible tremors and strobes like five strings. She described the process of peacock walking, drinking water, flapping its wings and foraging with the delicate movements of her hands and arms, which made people feel a living human peacock through the movements of her hands and arms. She raised this hand shadow art to a higher aesthetic level.

Chernyshevski said: "Anything that shows life or reminds us of life is beautiful." Dai folk dance is a wonderful flower in China's national dance art garden, which embodies the souls and aspirations of the Dai people. Today's Dai folk dance has made great progress in artistic content, expression and dance style, and it is more sincere, frank, romantic, free and original. Dai dance is moving from traditional entertainment to stage art, and its aesthetic taste is more contemporary. When people participate in and watch the Dai dance, they are also pursuing the echo of their own personality and emotions, and gain the aesthetic feeling of self-entertainment and detachment.

China folk dance has been passed down for thousands of years in the process of constantly nurturing the spirit of the times, and has become more and more vital by constantly adding new aesthetic tastes and new cultural factors. On the other hand, only on the basis of in-depth understanding of our national culture can we embody the essence of our national culture with the most vivid formal beauty and aesthetics, thus making dance culture more vital. Faced with the impact of modern culture, Dai dance needs to learn from others' strengths, base itself on tradition, be determined to innovate in the rich traditional culture soil of the nation, create its own excellent dance products, be unique in the colorful dance world, and move towards the new century with a brand-new attitude.