Information of Confucius Temple in Jingjiang Wang Fu, Guilin

Confucius Temple (Temple) is located at east longitude 1 16 58' 30 "north latitude 35 36' 42". The Confucius Temple in Qufu is a temple dedicated to Confucius. It is the first and model of more than 2,000 Confucius temples in China, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore, the United States and other countries. It is said that the Confucius Temple was built in 478 BC, and the year after the death of Confucius (478 BC), Lu Aigong converted its old residence into a temple. Since then, successive emperors have continuously sealed Confucius and expanded temples. In the Qing Dynasty, Yong Zhengdi ordered a major overhaul and expanded it to a modern scale. There are nine courtyards in the temple, which are divided into left, middle and right roads with the north-south axis, with a length of 630m and a width of 140m. There are more than 460 temples, halls, altars and pavilions, with 54 doorways. 13 "Imperial Monument Pavilion" has 65,438 buildings. Shengji Temple, Ming Tombs Pavilion and Dacheng Hall display a large number of stone inscriptions. In particular, the Han stele preserved here is the largest in China, and there are also many treasures in previous dynasties. The number of steles is second only to Xi 'an stele forest, which is called the second stele forest in China. Confucius Temple is an ancient architectural complex in China, second only to the Forbidden City in scale, and it is a model of ancient large-scale temple architecture in China. The overall design of Confucius Temple is very successful. Shinto is on the front, and cypress trees are planted on both sides to create a solemn atmosphere and cultivate the reverence of temple worshippers; The main body of the temple runs through a central axis, which is symmetrical left and right and has a rigorous layout. Nine yards before and after, the first three yards are collar yards, and there are only a few smaller doorways. Rows of pines and cypresses are planted in the courtyard, creating a refreshing and clear-headed environment, while a deep passage is carved between the towering pines and cypresses, which not only makes people feel the long history of Confucius Temple, but also sets off the profoundness of Confucius' thoughts. The high plaque at the entrance of the building strongly praises Confucius' achievements, giving people a strong impression and admiration. After entering the Fourth Hospital, the building is magnificent, and the yellow tiles, red walls and green trees complement each other, which not only shows the profoundness of Confucius' thought, but also shows the great achievements of Confucius. The length of people who worship Confucian sages in the East and the West is 166 meters respectively, which also shows the long history of Confucianism. The ancient building area of Confucius Temple is about16000m2. The main buildings are the Monument Pavilion of Jinyuan in Ming Dynasty, Kuiwen Pavilion, Xingtan, Defeng Tiandi Square, Dacheng Hall rebuilt in Qing Dynasty, Bedroom Hall, etc. There are many Song-style characteristics in the practice of Jingu Damu, such as sparse barrels, long melon seeds, slow arch of coffins, jumping off two of the six shops, and the appearance of the stigma shop is the same as that of the repair shop. There are cloisters around the main hall, which is a common closed temple in Song and Jin Dynasties and a rare example. Dacheng Hall, Sleeping Hall, Kuiwen Temple, Xingtan, Dachengmen and other buildings adopt wood-stone mixed structure, which is also a relatively rare form. The layout and details of the bucket are flexible. According to needs, the number, density and length of each leveling department are different. Even in order to make up for the visual vacancy, the compartment, Wandan and Gua are lengthened, so that the lengths of two adjacent barrels in the same building are different and the same. Confucius Temple has preserved the inscriptions 1044 since the Han Dynasty. There are records of feudal emperors paying homage, closing Zen, offering sacrifices to Confucius and building Confucius Temple, as well as poems and inscriptions of emperors, generals and literati visiting Confucius Temple. The characters are Chinese, Mongolian, Basiba and Manchu, and the calligraphy style is a real cursive seal, which studies feudal society and politics. Precious economic, cultural and artistic historical materials, including more than 20 Han Dynasty inscriptions and Chinese characters, are the places where the largest number of Han Dynasty inscriptions are preserved in China. Monument B, Book of Rites, Monument to Confucius and Monument to Shi Chenbei are Han Li's representative works, while Monument to Zhang Menglong and Monument to Jia Shijun are Wei Ti's models. In addition, there are calligraphy works by Sun Normal University, Mi Fei, Dang, Zhao Mengfu, Zhang Qiyan, Li Dongyang, Dong Qichang, Weng Fanggang, inscriptions by Yuan Haowen, Guo and others, and Kong's "584 Stone Large Calligraphy Sketch on Yuhong Building". The inscription on the Confucius Temple is a treasure house of ancient calligraphy art in China. The famous stone carvings in Confucius Temple include Han Dynasty stone reliefs, Ming and Qing stone pillars, and carved sacred pictures in Ming Dynasty. There are more than 90 stone reliefs in the Han Dynasty with a wide range of subjects, which are not only the records of people's social life, but also the reflection of historical stories, myths and legends. There are various carving techniques, such as line carving and relief, and line carving includes reduction, carving, plain and line; Relief is deep and shallow, smooth and rough. The style is rigorous and fine, or bold and unconstrained, with smooth lines and beautiful shapes. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 74 stone pillars carved in pounds, including 56 flat reliefs and 18 high reliefs. Most of the flat carvings restored on the ground are Xiaoyunlong and Fenghuang Peony, which were carved in Yong Zhengdi in the seventh year of Qing Dynasty, and flowers such as peony, pomegranate and lotus were carved in Chongsheng Temple with beautiful composition, which is a relic of Hongzhi in the seventeenth year of Ming Dynasty. Exquisite stone carving is a relief dragon column; There are ten columns on the front eaves of Dacheng, each of which is six meters high and the highest. The two pillars of Chongsheng Temple are vigorous and lively, with the highest level. In addition, the characteristics of Yunlong stone in shallow relief in Shengshimen, Dachengmen and Dachengdian also have high artistic value. Since the 20th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1592), sacred monuments have been added in the Confucius Temple based on wood carvings of Song and Jin Dynasties. It was painted by Mao Fengyi, a Confucian scholar in Qufu, and by Yang Zhi in Yangzhou. There are * * * 120 stone carvings in Suzhou, which vividly reflect the life of Confucius. It is one of the early large-scale comic books in China, with high historical and artistic value. For more than two thousand years, the Confucius Temple in Qufu has been continuously destroyed and repaired, and it has never been abandoned. Under the protection of the state, it developed from Confucius' private residence into a huge building complex similar in scale and shape to the palace. This is a special case in the history of human architecture.