Lantian apricots from where

Lantian apricot is a geographical indication product of agricultural products.

According to legend, at the time of the creation of Fu Xi and Nuwa, because they ate their mother's hand-planted apricot tree after a hundred years of apricot fruit, the aura was born, the party got the Hetu Luoshu, painting gossip, creating words, refining stone to mend the sky, and the establishment of the foundation of the ancient civilization of China. Lantian large apricot cultivation has a long history, an area of 35,000 acres, production of 32,000 tons. Varieties have big ginkgo, gold steel fist, Lanzhou big pick up apricot, Cao apricot, vegetable yellow, wheat slightly yellow, white sand apricot, peach apricot, silver fragrant white, ten thousand branches of red, tied apricot, plum apricot, Zhang Gongyuan, golden sun, etc., fresh, processed, kernel with are available. The same variety, different terrain, maturity period pulled apart, from late May began to market, to the end of the first half of July. With local characteristics of the Lantian big ginkgo fruit round, orange flesh, well-proportioned fruit, single fruit weight 110 grams - 180 grams, less pulp fiber, pulp, containing soluble solids 12.3%, 9.3% total sugar, titratable acid 1.5%, fruit flavor sweet and delicious, kernel near jail shape, away from the kernel sweet, ripe in the first half of June. 1992, the fourth national academic seminar on apricot and plum. Symposium held in Lantian, experts attending the Lantian large apricot production was fully affirmed, large ginkgo varieties were highly evaluated. Products are exported to Haikou, Nanning, Shenzhen and other places, the market is very popular.

Regional scope

Lantian large apricot planting is mainly distributed in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, Huaxu Township, _ Lake, Sanli Township, Ancun, Qianwei, Mengcun, Jinshan, Sanguanmiao, Houzhen nine townships. Huxu Township is the main township, with an altitude of 603.0-763.6 meters, located at longitude 109°11′25.93″-109°26′34.17″E and latitude 34°14′03″-34°16′0.58″N. The eastern part of Huxu Township is located at Dongyuanyu, which is the most important township in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. It extends from Dongyuanyu Village in Huaxu Township in the east, to Dan Village in the west, to Jiangwan Village in the north, and to Mengyan Village in the south. It includes A's village, Shangxu, Yangzhuang, Dongdeng, Shanglei, Mengyan, Dan village, Dongyuanyu, Xiyuanyu, Jiangwan and Koujia village, with an area of 1,333.3 hectares of large apricot planting and an annual output of 12,000 tons.

Natural ecological environment and cultural and historical factors

(1) soil and geomorphology: Lantian large apricot main planting area is located in: the northern Hengling loess hill and gully area and the western loess plateau area, covering an area of 619.8 square kilometers, accounting for the county's total area of 31.48%, the main producing areas in the altitude of 603.0-763.3 meters. Soil layer thickness of 50-100 meters soil to _ soil, loess-based, pH value between 7.0-8.0, neutral alkaline, _ soil organic matter content is high. According to the "Lantian zoning survey" report selected 616 different points of laboratory tests, soil organic matter content of 1.199%, the highest 2.688%, alkaline nitrogen is 54PPm, quick-acting phosphorus is 19ppm, quick-acting potassium is 137ppm, rich in trace elements, _ soil is rich in organic matter, has a good granular structure, very suitable for large apricot growth and development. Therefore, Lantian half ridge, old ridge and loess plateau growth of large apricot, deep-rooted leaves, tree body robust, fruit and fruit large,

high yield, excellent quality, rich in micronutrients, become the national high-quality large apricot production base.

(2) Hydrology: Lantian's average annual precipitation is 720.4 millimeters, with a total annual precipitation of 1,682,110,000 cubic meters. Precipitation within the county is affected by topography, and rainfall is unevenly distributed throughout the area. Rivers are divided into three water systems: the Ba River, the _ River, and the Zero River. *** There are 20 rivers of various sizes, with an average annual runoff of 692,340,000 m3. Groundwater is abundant, and *** is divided into four hydrogeological zones and eight subzones. The total amount of groundwater in the county is 323.71 million m3/year (including duplicated part of 274.61 million m3), and the amount of exploitable groundwater is 58.977 million m3, accounting for 49.28% of the total amount of groundwater. Groundwater quality is good, there are valley water county-wide storage area of 2,300 acres, wells 952 eyes, is a low-grade fertilizer. Natural drinking mineral water 16, rich in strontium, selenium and other international standards provide 9. Due to the numerous rivers in the territory, the north and south vertical ravine perennial river outflow, was stepped distribution, density, covering the whole county, water quality is good; groundwater rich in minerals, no industrial pollution, for the production of high-quality apricots to create a unique natural conditions.

(3) climate: Lantian belongs to the warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate. The four seasons of cold and warm, winter and summer long spring and autumn short, as well as rain and heat in the same season and other characteristics. The average annual temperature of 9 ℃ -13 ℃, the hottest July for 26.8 ℃, the coldest January for -1.3 ℃, the temperature difference of 23.1 ℃; the average annual maximum temperature of 19.0 ℃, the average annual minimum temperature of 8.3 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature of 43.3 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature of -17.4 ℃. The average annual sunshine hours is 2148.8 hours, and the total solar radiation is 118.5 kcal/cm2 per year, accounting for 50% of the total solar radiation. The average first frost period appears on November 1, the earliest for October 9, the latest for November 19, the difference between early and late 41 days; the average final frost day in April 3, the earliest for March 7, the latest in the end of April 24, the difference between early and late 48 days, the average annual frost-free period of 212 days, the longest 236 days, the shortest 188 days. Unique climate is suitable for the development of the characteristics of the Lantian apricot production, there are still in the territory of more than 160 years of history of the old apricot trees, confirming that the history of large apricot cultivation is relatively long. Four seasons of climate is clear, conducive to large apricot robust growth, for Lantian large apricot production laid the foundation; sufficient light, day and night temperature difference is large Lantian large apricot sugar content of the main factors, due to the apricot its fruit is large, color golden, less fiber, more juice, sweet taste, welcomed by the majority of consumers, won the endless praise.

(4) the history of human culture: Lantian County was the "hometown of the Three Emperors", "Shaanxi Tongzhi" records: "Three Emperors Shrine in Lantian County, 30 miles north of the sacrifice of Huaxu, Fuxi, Nvwa. Cover Fuxi's, Nuwa's all Hua

Xu's out, so it was sacrificed in the hometown." In Huaxu Town, Lantian County, there is the Huaxu Mausoleum, which is known as the "Hsi Mother Mausoleum". According to legend, in the ancient times, Fu Xi and Nuwa ate the fruit of the apricot tree planted by their mother, Huaxu, and

their aura was born, and they were able to read the river map, translate the Luoshu book, draw the eight trigrams, create the characters, and make the stone to mend the sky, thus establishing the ancient Huaxu civilization. The Huxu apricot was thus named, and because it was located in Lantian, it was called "Lantian apricot".

Lantian apricot cultivation has a history of more than 2,500 years, and the history of apricot planting can be traced back to before the Tang Dynasty. According to the Lantian County Records, far before the Tang Dynasty, the apricot tree has been commonly planted in the folk, the Tang Dynasty Qian Qi's poem "love the blue water, planting apricots nearly into the field" shows that at that time there were apricot trees into the garden cultivation. The Republic of China "renewed Lantian County Records" recorded "fruit is peach, apricot outside the mountain more, Lee is occasionally one. Lai (pear) is thick skin and dregs, recently some people from Bin Bin take the leaf eye of the tree branches and buds of the first buds of the return to receive, it is always sweet, but also a strange thing. Jujube is also not much. (Wenpo), papaya, grapes, camellia, pomegranate, late spring cherries, are all the time, but not as persimmons on the ridge, and chestnuts, walnuts in the southeast of the majority of mountain dwellers also.

Ginkgo only rim Sichuan Mojie River a very large plant". Not only detailed the county fruit tree species and distribution, but also recorded the working people have long known the scientific method of grafting to improve varieties. It is clear that the production of fruit trees has been a wealth of practical experience.

Production of technical requirements and regulations

(1) the origin of choice: should choose the atmospheric environment, water sources, garden soil pollution; low water table, deep fertile soil, pH 6.5-8.0, drainage and irrigation good hilly land, sandy loam and sandy loam to build the garden. If on the clay soil, need to carry out soil improvement. In the nuclear fruit trails must be spaced at least 5 years and soil improved. Garden selection should be away from national highways, railroads and other major transportation routes beyond 100 meters.

(2) Variety selection: should choose the tree is strong and healthy, good productivity, adaptability and resilience are strong; fruit large, not cracked, fruit surface coloring uniformity, maturity uniformity, the pulp is hard soluble or semi-soluble, strong flavor and aroma, more resistant to transportation, shelf life is longer. According to the goal of regionalization and good seed and selecting good varieties, the principle of teaching planting in the right place is implemented. Suitable for the Lantian region of fresh apricot

The main varieties are: Lantian apricot, wheat slightly yellow, vegetable yellow, Kate apricot, golden sun apricot and so on.

(3) the management of the production process and agricultural inputs in the provisions:

①Soil management: in mid-September to early October each year to expand the hole or deep turning, the depth of 40-60cm, do not allow damage to 0.5cm thickness above the root, expanding the hole can be combined with the application of basic fertilizer. After deep turning, rake and irrigate in time. If the garden soil texture is poor, combined with deep turning to take more organic fertilizer, crop residue and clay mixed with sand, sand mixed with clay and other ways to improve. Growing season to implement the tree disk weeding, less than 20cm

inter-row grass is not removed. After rain or irrigation, the soil should be loosened in time to conserve moisture.

② fertilization:

a base fertilizer: base fertilizer should be applied to the fruit harvest after the best results, no later than mid-October. Base fertilizer types to stable manure, compost, green manure, swamp fertilizer, leaf litter and other composted and rotted farmyard manure or registered commercial organic fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizer biofungal fertilizer, bone meal, composite fertilizer, etc. can also be used as a base fertilizer deep application, the use of circular "furrow" or "radial ditching The method of "ditching" or "radial ditching" is used. The amount of fertilizer due to the age of the tree, growth, fertilizer type and make a difference, that is, young trees early fruit trees per 667_Supply of high-quality manure 2000kg-2500kg, plus calcium superphosphate 20-30kg, full fruit trees per 667_Supply of 4,000kg or so, plus calcium superphosphate 50kg or so.

b: fertilizer: fertilizer according to the amount of basal fertilizer can be 2-3 times a year, that is, 10 days before the flowering of fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer, hardcore period of nitrogen fertilizer supplemented with phosphorus and potash fertilizer, fast-acting potash fertilizer before maturity. Fertilizer is suitable for the use of tree pan hole. Young trees and early fruiting trees per 667_ apply three yuan compound fertilizer 15kg-30kg; fruiting trees fertilizer according to the type of fertilizer and the size of the results, and increase appropriately.

C: foliar spray fertilizer, it is appropriate to choose the commonly used fast-acting, easy to absorb amino acid liquid fertilizer, marsh liquid, urea, potassium phosphate, organic potassium and iron, boron, zinc and other micro-fertilizers for spraying. Pre-growth

Spraying concentration is low, the growth of late appropriate to increase the concentration.

③Principle of plastic pruning:

Pruning period in accordance with the principle of growth pruning, dormant season plasticity and young trees heavy plastic. Growing season pruning is generally divided into pre-flowering, fruit expansion period, after harvest and after the fall and other time periods.

Principles of shaping and pruning should be based on site conditions, varieties, age, tree strength, etc. to determine accordingly, to do with the shape of the tree, due to branch pruning. Overall requirements in accordance with light pruning, more release, less cut.

4 principle of pesticide use: prevention-oriented, take agriculture, physical, biological, chemical integrated control methods. Agricultural control measures are mainly the selection of disease-resistant varieties of rootstocks, reasonable pruning, timely clearing, etc., physical control measures are light sugar and vinegar liquid baiting, artificial trapping, etc., biological control measures are mainly used to protect the natural enemies and the use of biological sources of pesticides, etc., chemical control measures should be a good measure of the pest and pesticide selection. Selection of high efficiency and low toxicity, low residue, safer for natural enemies of mineral source pesticides and chemical pesticides, prohibit the use of national banned pesticides.

⑤ Agricultural inputs management regulations: inputs are purchased at fixed points, and sales outlets must establish sales ledgers. The use should be under the guidance of technicians.

(4) Provisions on product harvesting and post-production treatment: According to the varieties, post-harvest uses, marketing channels, market environmental conditions and climatic conditions, etc., the appropriate harvesting period shall be determined by the harvesting maturity, fresh food maturity and physiological maturity.

Artificial picking should be carried out in the order of first outside the crown and then inside the crown, first under and then over. Requirements for light picking light put, can not pinch, touch, drop, squeeze and other damage.

Side picking and grading. Generally according to the fruit shape, size, color and lustre. (Grading standards attached)

Graded commercial fruit should be packaged according to different uses or sales channels. Fresh apricots require the use of hard, dry, clean, packing boxes for packaging, all packages must comply with packaging health standards. Inside the package should be labeled or outside the package marked with the product name, origin, picking date, standard level, production unit and other items.

(5) production record requirements: the unified printing of production operations record book, requiring farmers to manage the program in a timely manner, carefully filled out, including: the application of fertilizer name, time, dosage; the use of pesticide name, time, dosage, prevention and control of the target; weeding time, method; shaping and pruning time, method; preservation of flowers and fruit thinning time, method; picking and harvesting time, quantity, sales territory. Each household production records must be kept for more than two years.

4 product typical quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations

(1) external sensory: Lantian large apricot fruit is round, about 7 centimeters in diameter, large and well-proportioned, the average weight of a single fruit of 125 grams, the largest up to 200 grams. The top is flat, the suture line is deep and obvious, the peduncle pits are deeper; the pericarp is golden yellow. Lantian large apricot in addition to fresh food, but also

processing dried fruit, dried fruit, jam. Almonds are both edible and medicinal, and are a traditional commodity for foreign trade and export.

(2) inner quality: the flesh is yellow, less fiber, more juice, sweet flavor, containing 14.5% soluble solids, sugar content of 8.6%, acid-sugar ratio of 9.56%, Ca246.6mg/kg, containing protein 0.93%. Separate from the kernel, the kernel is nearly round, the kernel yield is 17.9%, sweet kernel, containing 8.55% fat, containing 9.26% protein. Fruit shelf life is 5-7 days.

(3) Safety requirements: Lantian large apricot market access to follow the name of the national mandatory technical regulations and related laws and regulations:

XANY5008-2007 Xi'an City, fresh apricot production technical regulations

NY5013-2006 pollution-free food forest and fruit products in the environmental conditions of the origin

NY5112-2005 Pollution-free food deciduous fruits

"Chinese People's Republic of China Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Law"

"Measures for the Management of Agricultural Product Labeling and Packaging"

"Measures for the Management of Geographical Indications of Agricultural Products"

Packaging and labeling and other relevant regulations

(1) grading and packaging:

①Packaging containers must be solid and firm, Dry, clean and hygienic, no bad odor, no nail heads, spikes or other protruding objects on both the inner and outer surfaces, the product should have adequate protection. Packaging materials and the preparation of the mark used to print the color and glue should be non-toxic, harmless to human consumption.

② packaging of the same batch of goods should be loaded with the same origin, variety, grade and maturity of the more consistent products, superior apricots require fruit diameter, color and lustre are consistent.

③ in the same package, the maturity of superior apricots should be consistent, one or two apricots on the maturity of the same requirements are slightly lower than the superior apricots, but can not be loaded into the maturity difference is too large fruit. The choice of maturity should be based on storage and transportation conditions, length of storage period and transportation schedule, to ensure that the product safe storage and safe arrival at the place of arrival and other factors to be decided.

4 layered package of apricots, fruit diameter size of any grade should not differ by 5mm, bulk first-class apricots are allowed to differ by 10mm, bulk second-class apricots are not limited. (Grading standards are attached)

⑤ After harvest for low-temperature medium- and long-term storage of apricots, can be selected by the library side of the cold

storage library in the applicable container, container mode, capacity and use of materials for the time being does not standardize the provisions.

6 post-harvest short-term storage at room temperature or plan to ship the apricot, can be used in cartons, cardboard boxes and plastic boxes, strip baskets packaging, various packaging container specifications.

⑦ superior apricots in cartons, sets of foam net layered packaging, packaging the appearance of the apricot display should be neat and beautiful. First and second-class apricots can be boxed, can be packaged in layers, can also be bulk. The appearance and quality of the fruit in the bottom, middle and surface of any packaging piece should be completely consistent.

8 packaging should be careful not to make leaves, branches, dust, gravel and other debris or dirt into the container, to avoid contamination of the product, affecting the appearance and damage to the quality of the fruit.

(2) carton:

①Carton made of corrugated cardboard, must be binding strong, beautiful and complete appearance. Export apricot packaging

Carton should comply with the provisions of GB5038.

② carton specifications according to internal and external trade habits and requirements of the appropriate size, without uniform provisions, at both ends or both sides of the carton appropriate ventilation holes, air holes about 16mm in diameter.

③ carton layered fruit, each layer of cardboard and plastic trays or other materials can be used to separate the fruit pads made of other materials, if the plane cardboard as a compartment between the fruit of each layer of solid compression resistance is desirable Cardboard will be fruit separated one by one, the height of the grid size can be based on the size of the fruit or the number of fruits in the box group appropriate to determine, so that the fruit in the paper grid can only move a little.

④Fruit loading must pay attention to not make the fruit stalks may hurt the flesh of other fruits, fruit loading must be loaded full of real, if there is a gap must be filled with filler suitable for the requirements, so as to avoid the fruit in the box shaking.

⑤After packing, the carton is sealed tightly with tape at the joints, and should be set up with two plastic straps

firmly.

(3) marking:

①Package marking of the same batch of goods, in form and content must be completely uniform.

② different cartons should be in the same part of the box outside, print or paste the words and markings are not easy to erase, must be clear, easy to recognize.

③ logo content should be marked apricot trademark, variety, quality level, net weight, origin, distributor's name and address, date of packaging, selection of personnel code. If the product has a fruit size or number of fruit regulations, should also indicate the size of the fruit and the number of fruits.

(4) transportation and storage:

①After the apricot harvest and grading producers should be shipped as soon as possible, sales, acceptance.

② Acceptance of the apricot should be based on the maturity and quality, according to the plan to quickly organize the transfer; mixed-grade acquisition of apricot, acceptance should be acquired by the acquisition unit for further processing.

3 apricots in the station or dock to be transported, must be batch clear, stacked neatly, clean environment, well ventilated, forbidden sun, rain, pay attention to frost, heat.

④Apricots in the stacking and loading and unloading should be gently, civilized operation, the means of transport requires cleanliness and hygiene, and shall not be mixed with toxic, harmful substances, mixed transport. Where loaded with fertilizers, pesticides, harmful chemicals or other perishable food compartments or compartments, must be fully cleaned, rinsed before shipment.

5 apricot storage, not directly on the ground or against the wall, the stack shall not be too high, between the stacks should leave the channel.

Fruit storage should be strengthened to prevent flies, rodent measures.

The fruit storehouse should be strengthened to prevent flies and rodents.