Three major architectural systems of the East

The architecture of the ancient world due to different cultural backgrounds, there have been about seven independent systems, some of which have long been interrupted, or not widely spread, achievements and impact is relatively limited, such as Ancient Egypt, Ancient West Asia, Ancient India and Ancient Americas, etc., only the Chinese architecture, European architecture, Islamic architecture is considered to be the world's three major architectural systems, but also to the continuation of the era of the Chinese architecture and European construction Chinese architecture and European architecture continue for the longest period of time, the widest basin, the achievement is also more brilliant.　China: China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world, with a long history, the working people with their blood, sweat and wisdom to create a brilliant Chinese architectural civilization. China's ancient architecture is the world's longest history, the most complete architectural system, from the monolithic buildings to the courtyard combination, urban planning, garden layout, etc. in the world's architectural history are in a leading position, China's architecture uniquely embodies the "unity of man and nature" architectural ideas. The Forbidden City is a representative work of Chinese architecture, it is also known as the Forbidden City, is the Ming and Qing dynasties of the imperial palace.　Islamic: Islamic architecture, known in the West as Saracen architecture. It includes mosques, Islamic institutions of learning, caliphate palaces, mausoleums, and a variety of public **** facilities, residential housing, etc., is a part of the world's architectural art and Islamic culture. It is also known as the three major architectural systems of the East, together with European and Chinese architecture. Islamic architecture based on the traditional architectural forms of the Arab nation, drawing on, absorbing the two river valleys, the Pyrenees Peninsula, as well as all over the world, the essence of the architectural art of the various nationalities, with its unique style and a variety of molding, creating a large number of historical significance and artistic value of the building.　　Europe: 1, ancient Roman architecture Ancient Romans inherited the building technology of the Etruscans on the Apennine Peninsula, inherited the achievements of ancient Greece, and reached the peak of the western ancient architecture in the 1st-3rd century AD. The style of large buildings was majestic and heavy, the composition was harmonious and unified, and the forms were diverse. The artistic treatment of the interior space of some buildings was more important than the external shape. The most meaningful is to create a combination of columns and arches, such as coupon columns and continuous coupons, both for structure and decoration.　2, Roman architecture, also translated as Roman style, originally meant for the Roman architectural style of architecture, is a 10-12th century European Christian popular areas of an architectural style. Romanesque architectural style is mostly found in monasteries and churches, inherited from the early Christian architecture.　Typical features are: huge and thick walls, walls with a series of small coupons, door Zeus hole with concentric multi-layer small round coupons to reduce the sense of heaviness. There are one or two bell towers on the west side, and sometimes there are bell towers on the intersection of the Latin cross and the transept. The center hall has a rhythmic alternating arrangement of large and small columns. The windows are narrow, creating a dark and mysterious atmosphere in the larger interior space. The simple hall and the magnificent altar contrast, the hall and the side corridor of the larger space changes break the sense of balance of classical architecture.　3, Gothic architecture 11th century, the second half of the Gothic architecture first emerged in France, 13-15 century popular in Europe, an architectural style.　Gothic church structure system consists of stone skeleton coupons and fly-rail wall, with a large area of stained glass windows is another of its characteristics.　4, Renaissance architecture Following the emergence of Gothic architecture, produced in Italy in the 15th century, and then spread to other parts of Europe, the formation of Renaissance architecture with their own characteristics of the countries.　The most obvious feature was the abandonment of the Gothic architectural style of the medieval period, and the re-adoption of the columnar elements of the Greco-Roman period for religious and secular buildings. Renaissance architects and artists believed that this classical architecture, especially the classical columnar composition embodies harmony and rationality, and with the human body beauty has a common place.　5, baroque architecture is the 17th to 18th century in Italy on the basis of the development of renaissance architecture. Characterized by its free shape, the pursuit of dynamism, prefer to use rich decorations, carvings and strong colors, often interspersed with curved surfaces and oval space to express the idea of freedom and create a mysterious atmosphere.　The original meaning of Baroque is strange and eccentric. This style in opposition to the rigidity of the ancient form, the pursuit of free-spirited style and expression of secular interest played an important role in the city square, garden art and even literature and art departments have had an impact.