What are the characteristics of Northeast Drum?

Northeast drum is a folk art drum book and drum music form mainly popular in Northeast China. Because it was once popular in Shenyang, and there was Fengtianfu in Shenyang in the late Qing Dynasty, it was called "Fengtian Drum".

There are two theories about the origin of the northeast drum: one is that the calligrapher Huang Laishen performed and absorbed local folk songs; Second, during Daoguang and Xianfeng periods in Qing Dynasty, drum artists from Tun, western Liaoning Province went to town to perform and developed into Fengtian drums.

On the basis of Heizi Ben and Di Zi Ben, the singing of Northeast Drum was gradually formed by absorbing and drawing lessons from Laoting Drum, Jingyun Drum and Erren.

During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Li Qingcheng, a drummer from Northeast China, sang Shen Fengbang and Ming Yinglie in Samsung Tea Garden in Yilan. During Guangxu period, Zhang Yuzhi, a female drummer from Northeast China, played Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Pink Girl in Jiamusi and Yingbin Teahouse. During Guangxu period, Wen Jinghe, a drummer from Northeast China, sang long books such as Seven Kingdoms before and after and Rainbow Ball in Harbin and other places, which were welcomed by the audience. During the Xuan Tong period, Hei Dayu, a female drummer in Northeast China, caused a sensation by singing "Private Visit of Jin Suozhen and Zhang Tingxiu" in Qiqihar and Nanchayuan.

In the early days, the Northeast Drum was mainly popular in rural areas, commonly known as Tun Drum and Kang Drum. The tunes sung are local accents familiar to the local people, and the lyrics are not very particular.

Performances are usually based on novellas, such as A Cup of Return, Wagangzhai, Colored Balls, Four Horses in the Tang Dynasty, Baiyulou and so on.

The Northeast Drum is a blend of Beijing Opera, Jingyun Drum and some folk vocals in Northeast China, with rich tunes, fluent vocals and strong expressive force. Mainly based on rap and long books, the content is mainly opera, novels and legends.

The original performance form of the Northeast Drum was that the singer played and sang with a small three-string and tied a "knot board" on his leg, also known as "black boy book". Later, it developed into a simple performance of playing drums by one person and writing on the blackboard, and some people played special accompaniment such as the big three-stringed instrument. The rap performance adopted the northeast dialect. When there were actresses in the late Qing Dynasty, they played drums by themselves, accompanied by strings, which were called "female drums".

A drum, a fan, a drumstick, a three-stringed instrument and a simple three-piece board. Artists who say that writing drums can start a business with these clothes.

When the strings rang and the drumstick fell, I saw him (her) playing the role of a man, a woman, an old man and a young man as the story changed. All the joys and sorrows in the world are gathered on his or her face.

As he spoke, he heard a bang-and listen to the next decomposition. This is the most common form of northeast drum.

The drums played by the actors themselves, also called "book drums", are oblate and covered on both sides. Put it on the drum stand and hit it with a drum arrow. There are two kinds of boards, one is composed of two boards, mostly made of ebony; One is composed of two half-moon copper or steel sheets, commonly known as "Yuanyang board".

The musical structure of Northeast Drum belongs to banqiang, and the basic form of lyrics is 7 sentences. There are big mouth adagio, small mouth adagio, adagio 26, Allegro, three boards and so on. In addition, there are some minor tunes such as sad tune, Xicheng tune and qikou tune as their auxiliary vocals.

There are about 200 segments in the traditional repertoire of northeast drum, which can be divided into three categories: Zidishu segment, Sanguo segment and Caoduan segment. Most of Di Zi's passages are based on novels and popular operas in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with elegant lyrics and rich literary talent. A few works reflect the real life of the Qing Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms section, there are songs about Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang and generals Guan, Zhang, Zhao, Ma and Huang Wuhua. Caoduan is a popular lyric created and performed by folk artists with a wide range of subjects.

The northeast drum plays a very important role in the entertainment life of people in popular areas. Its music and books have also influenced other arts and have been transplanted by many drum songs.

In the long-term spreading process, the Northeast Drum has formed different artistic schools, such as Fengdiao, Dongcheng, Jiangbei, Cheng Nan and Xicheng, which appeared in the middle of the 20th century. Every school has its own traditional projects.

With Shenyang as the activity center, Wind Sculpture is slow in singing and good at lyricism, and has performed many short programs such as "Exposing Tears" and "Remembering Princess Zhen". Dongcheng Tune takes Jilin as the activity center, and mainly sings the programs of Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Dream of Red Mansions.

Jiangbei school takes the area north of Songhua River in Harbin as the activity center. Cheng Nanzhong turned to Yingkou, Liaoning as the activity center. There is a * * * feature in the tone of Wana School of Jiangbei School, that is, most of the programs performed are long volumes such as rap "Hu Jiajiang" and "Xue Jiajiang". Xicheng tune takes Jinzhou as its activity center and is good at performing tragic stories such as Luo Guan.