What are the characteristics of the roof structure of ancient buildings?

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Compared with the masonry structure system of western ancient buildings, China's ancient buildings are independent institutional systems, and their greatest features are as follows:

Mainly wood structure system. Wood structure system has many advantages: for example, the maintenance structure is separated from the supporting structure, and the seismic performance is high; Convenient materials and fast construction speed. At the same time, wood structure also has many shortcomings: it is easy to be corroded by fire, termites and rain, and its duration is shorter than that of masonry buildings; Due to the increase of engineering quantity, the demand for finished wood is in short supply; It is difficult for beam-frame system to realize complex architectural space. However, there are also a few brick and metal buildings in the ancient buildings in China. For example, "Historical Records" said: "Stone chambers are all the locations of the National Library." ; For example, there are many records in the Notes on Water Classics, and Wei Shui Pian: "There are stone chambers next to Panxi to build the residence of Taigong". Masonry structures are mostly used in tower buildings. Metal buildings are mainly made of copper. Famous bronze buildings include Baoyun Pavilion in the Summer Palace in Beijing, Jin Dian in Wudang Mountain in Hubei and Jin Dian in Taihe Palace in Kunming.

China's wood structure system has always adopted the structural principle of frame system: four columns, beams and vertical purlins are added to form a "house", and general buildings are composed of odd rooms, such as three, five, seven and nine rooms. The more bays there are, the higher the water level is. There are eleven rooms in the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City, which is the highest existing ancient wooden structure. The facade is divided into abutment, roof and roof. Among them, the roof of the official building is the most important part of architectural modeling, which is huge and far-reaching. Roof forms are divided into single slope, flat roof, hard mountain, suspended mountain, circular hall, inclined mountain, rolled shed, cushion roof, double eaves and helmet roof, with double eaves and circular hall as the highest level.

Bucket is a key component in China wood structure, and its function is to extend a cantilever beam from the column to support the weight of the eaves.

Unique external contour: multi-storey abutment, brightly colored curved sloping roof and courtyard-style building present a vast space. More than 2000 years ago, quadrangle architecture appeared in the brick paintings of Han tombs, and the Forbidden City, the largest architectural complex in Ming and Qing Dynasties, also adopted a complex enclosure form.