What is the research value of Yin Ruins in Anyang?

Yin Ruins found in Xiaotun Village and its surroundings in Anyang City, Henan Province are the ruins of the capital city in the late Shang Dynasty. They span the north and south banks of Anyang River, and they were built here for 273 years in Shang Dynasty. It is the earliest capital city with a definite position in the history of China, with a history of more than 3,300 years.

The ruins of Yin Ruins cover an area of more than 36 square kilometers, among which the ruins of temples and tombs are the core areas, and they are famous at home and abroad for a large number of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronzes.

In the late Shang Dynasty, it was called Northern Mongolia, also called Yin. After Zhou destroyed Yin, his son Wu Geng was sealed here. Later, because of the Wu Geng Rebellion, the Yin people moved away and gradually became ruins, so it was called Yin Ruins.

Yin Ruins in Anyang have important cultural value. The discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and the excavation of Yin Ruins confirmed the existence of Shang Dynasty in China, reconstructed the framework of early history in ancient China, and made the history of Shang Dynasty recorded in traditional documents a history of faith.

In Yin Ruins, more than 1 10 Shang Dynasty palaces and ancestral halls, more than 10 royal tombs, the ruins of Huanbei Shopping Mall, more than 2,500 sacrificial pits and numerous ethnic settlement sites, family cemeteries, handicraft workshops and Oracle Bone Inscriptions pits were discovered.

There are an amazing number of exquisite cultural relics such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronzes, jades, pottery and bone vessels in the Yin Ruins, which comprehensively and systematically show the face of the merchants in China more than 3,300 years ago and provide conclusive evidence for this important history.

The ruins of Yin Ruins Palace Temple are located in Xiaotun Village and Huayuanzhuang on the south bank of Huan River in Anyang. It is the place where Shang Wang handled government affairs and life, with more than 80 palaces and temples.

The buildings of these palaces and ancestral halls are mainly made of loess and wood, and most of them are located on thick and high rammed earth platforms. Most of the building frames are supported by wooden columns, the walls are made of rammed earth, and the roof is covered with thatch. Their shapes are solemn, simple and elegant, and they are full of China Palace architectural features, representing the advanced level of early ancient palace architecture in China.

Wu Ding, a world-famous stepmother, was found in the officer village of Houjiazhuang. About14th century BC to 1 1 century BC in the late Shang Dynasty. This tripod is huge and powerful, with the words "stepmother's martial arts" cast on its belly, which was cast by Shang Dynasty or Zujia as a sacrifice to its mother.

Stepmother Wu Ding's body is rectangular, with a thick mouth edge and a straight outline, showing an unshakable momentum. The tripod is magnificent and is the largest and heaviest bronze ware in China.

The stepmother's tripod is hollow and has four legs. Except for the rectangular plain surface with no decoration in the center of the tripod, other places are decorated. On the exquisite Yun Leiwen of stepmother Ding, the main decorative patterns of each part have their own forms. The tripod body is mainly decorated with gluttony around the square surface, and the four sides are decorated by the door, with the bull's head on the side and gluttony on the bottom.

There are two tigers on the outline of stepmother's ear, mouth to mouth, head in mouth. The ears are decorated with fish lines. The decorative patterns of the four tripod feet are also unique, with an animal face on each of the three strings.

According to textual research, Wu Ding, the stepmother, should be a heavy weapon of the Shang royal family, and her modeling, decoration and craftsmanship have reached a fairly high level. It is the representative work of bronze culture in the heyday of Shang Dynasty.

Stepmother Wu Ding's handle decoration is also exquisite. The two dragons and tigers opened their huge mouths and contained a head, which later evolved into an auspicious pattern of "playing with pearls in a dragon". It is generally believed that this kind of art shows the deterrent power of nature and God.

Stepmother Wu Ding's tripod body and tripod feet are integrally cast, and the tripod ears are cast after the tripod body is cast.

China is the country with the richest unearthed and preserved bronzes in the world, and Fenghao area is one of the areas with the largest unearthed bronzes in China. Wu Ding, the stepmother, fully demonstrated the production scale and technical level of bronze casting industry in Shang Dynasty, and was a fine product in China's epigraphy culture.

The ruins of the ancestral temple in the palace of Yin Ruins include the famous Oracle bone pits to the south of Xiaotun, the tomb of Fu Hao and the Oracle bone pits to the east of Yuanzhuang.

There are more than150,000 pieces of Oracle bones found in Yin Ruins. The most famous ones are Oracle bone pits, Oracle bone pits south of Xiaotun and Oracle bone pits east of Yuanzhuang.

The point of Oracle bone pits in the south of Xiaotun Village is located in the south of Xiaotun Village, and there are more than 5,000 inscriptions on Oracle bones. The Oracle bone cache on the east side of Zhuang Garden is located on the southeast side of Gongmiao site, with a total of Oracle bones 1583 pieces, including more than 500 carved Oracle bones.

These Oracle Bone Inscriptions's contents are extremely rich, including sacrifice, hunting, agriculture, astronomy, military and so on, involving all aspects of social life in Shang Dynasty, providing extremely valuable information for the historical research of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Shang Dynasty.

On the southwest side of the ruins of the imperial ancestral temple, there is a huge defensive trench excavated by hand. Its northeast ends are connected with the meandering stream of Huan River, and the middle is surrounded by the ruins of Gongmiao, forming a strict flood control and defense system, which is integrated with the ruins of Gongmiao and plays a similar role to Miyagi.

There are many ruins of Yin Ruins, such as the ancestral temple area of the palace, the burial area and many ethnic towns, General Cemetery, handicraft workshops, civilian and slave settlements, family cemeteries, Oracle Bone Inscriptions pits, bronze casting sites, jade workshops and bone workshops. It is the first ancient capital site recorded and confirmed by Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the history of China.

The ancient Huan River flows slowly through the city, and the urban layout is rigorous and reasonable. From the scale, area and grandeur of the palace, and the quality, beauty, strangeness and quantity of unearthed cultural relics, it can be fully proved that it is not only the political, economic and cultural center of the whole country, but also of the East.

A Jia-shaped tomb was found on the north side of Dongling Road in the tomb area of Yin Ruins 12 17, which is one of the newly discovered early tombs of Yin Ruins in this area, and established the boundary of the tomb area of Yin Ruins.

In the Hougang Sacrificial Pit of Gaolouzhuang, the bones, bronzes and weapons of a headless man are buried. Among them, Guardian Ding, with an inscription of 30 words, is of great value in the study of bronze wares in Shang Dynasty, and it is the longest bronze ware unearthed in Yin Ruins.

The appearance of a large number of bronze ritual vessels in Yin Ruins proves that the bronze culture in China has reached the highest stage. Bronze ritual vessels for ding, GUI, Zhang and Jue; Weapons, spears, cymbals, knives and arrows; Tool shovel, chisel, axe, saw, shovel; Bronzes in Yin Ruins, represented by cymbals, bells, pheasants and other musical instruments, are rich and varied in shape and mysterious in decoration.

Layers of overlapping lines make abstract changes to animal images, and various patterns are formed with extremely fine geometric patterns and deep relief, which are rigorous and solemn.

Its exaggerated and mysterious style contains profound and rough primitive tension and artistic charm, which embodies the unique religious feelings and aesthetic concepts of Yin Shang ancestors. The brilliant achievements of Yin Ruins in bronze smelting and casting made it one of the centers of ancient bronze civilization in the world.

352 funerary objects were found in the tombs excavated in Guojiazhuang, including bronzes, jades, pottery, stone tools, bone utensils, dental utensils, bamboo utensils, lacquerware, etc. Among them, four-legged tripod with lid, lifting beam and square utensils are extremely rare. Most bronzes are ornate in decoration, fine in workmanship and exquisitely cast. There is an inscription on the family emblem.

In this tomb, a bamboo utensil was found for the first time, which was a small bamboo basket woven from conical old thin bamboo strips.

A total of 20 chariots and horses pits were excavated in the Yin Dynasty, including 4 Confucius villages in Dasi, 7 in the west of Yin Ruins, 4 in the southwest of Guojiazhuang and 5 in the north of Liujiazhuang. The remains of these carriages were all driven by two horses.

Yin Ruins is not a simple building, it is a capital city. The capital is the political, economic, military and cultural etiquette center of a country. It is a microcosm of a kingdom, which is unmatched by any other heritage. Yin ruins recorded and concentrated the history and elegance of the Chinese nation, and the ancestors of Shang Yin left immortal achievements in creating and spreading oriental civilization. As early as 1899, Wang, a epigraphist, found some very old words engraved on the keel sold by Chinese medicine shops in Beijing, namely Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and realized that it was a very precious cultural relic, so he began to buy it heavily.

In the late 1920s, the excavation of Yin Ruins was not only the urgent demand of epigraphy scholars, but also the common aspiration of all patriots who knew Yin Ruins in China.

Therefore, in 1928, the national academic institutions in China took full responsibility for the first time, and started the archaeological excavation of Yin Ruins independently conducted by China scholars, and trained a batch of archaeologists. Yin Ruins also became the cradle of archaeology in China.

Up to 1986, many points of 10 have been excavated for more than 20 times, and about150,000 pieces of Oracle Bone Inscriptions have been obtained.

In 2006, Yin Ruins were listed in the World Heritage List at the 30th session of the World Heritage Committee because of its outstanding universal value and good management and display.

Yinxu site in Anyang